Formulation And Evaluation Of Controlled-Release Of Telmisartan Microspheres: In Vitro/In Vivo Study,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Formulation And Evaluation Of Controlled-Release Of Telmisartan Microspheres: In Vitro/In Vivo Study, P.K. Gaur, S. Mishra, M. Bajpai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The aim of this work was to design a controlled-release drug-delivery system for the angiotensin-II receptor antagonist drug telmisartan. Telmisartan was encapsulated with different EUDRAGIT polymers by an emulsion solvent evaporation technique and the physicochemical properties of the formulations were characterized. Using a solvent evaporation method, white spherical microspheres with particle sizes of 629.9-792.1 μm were produced. The in vitro drug release was studied in three different pH media (pH 1.2 for 2 hours, pH 6.8 for 4 hours, and pH 7.4 for 18 hours). The formulations were then evaluated for their pharmacokinetic parameters. The entrapment efficiency of these microspheres …
Electrochemistry And Determination Of Cefdinir By Voltammetric And Computational Approaches,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Electrochemistry And Determination Of Cefdinir By Voltammetric And Computational Approaches, I.H. Taşdemir
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The oxidation and reduction behavior of cefdinir (CEF) was studied by experimental methods and computational calculations at B3LYP/6-31+G (d)//AM1. Voltammetric studies were carried out based on two irreversible reduction peaks at approximately -0.5 and -1.2 V on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and on one irreversible oxidation peak at approximately 1.0 V on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) versus Ag/AgCl, KCl (3.0M) in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer at pH 4.2 and 5.0, respectively. Differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric methods have been developed and validated for determination of CEF in different samples. The linear range was established as 0.25-40.0 μM for …
Sulfur Compounds Identification And Quantification From Allium Spp. Fresh Leaves,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Sulfur Compounds Identification And Quantification From Allium Spp. Fresh Leaves, L. Gîtin, R. Dinicə, C. Neagu, L. Dumitrascu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Background Pyruvic acid concentration is a critical factor in determining Allium spp. pungency. This study was initiated to accurately measure the background pyruvic acid levels in Romanian Allium spp. From the pungency point of view, all analyzed plant varieties in this study are considered low pungent cultivars based on the enzymatically produced pyruvate level (between 42 μmol/g and 222 μmol/g fresh wt). Chromatographic analysis was carried out for the different varieties of the most popular fresh leaves (Allium cepa var. "Diamant", Allium cepa var. "Rubiniu", and Allium ursinum L.) in order to identify the sulfur compounds. The thin layer chromatography …
Ionic Liquid-Based Hollow Fiber-Supported Liquid-Phase Microextraction Enhanced Electrically For The Determination Of Neutral Red,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Ionic Liquid-Based Hollow Fiber-Supported Liquid-Phase Microextraction Enhanced Electrically For The Determination Of Neutral Red, S.-R. Wang, S. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A method of ionic liquid-based hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction enhanced electrically was successfully developed and applied to the extraction and determination of neutral red (NR) dye, which was selected as the model analyte. A room temperature ionic liquid, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim][PF6]), was placed in the pores of a polytetrafluoethylene hollow fiber, which acts as a liquid membrane and the acceptor solution. The extraction parameters affecting the enrichment factor of NR, such as pH, extraction time, elution time, stirring rate, and the voltage were optimized. In addition, UV-Visible (UV-Vis) or electrochemiluminescence spectra were also determined. The extraction rate and capacity of …
Optimization Of Fermentation Process Of Cordyceps Militaris And Antitumor Activities Of Polysaccharides In Vitro,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Optimization Of Fermentation Process Of Cordyceps Militaris And Antitumor Activities Of Polysaccharides In Vitro, S. Yang, L. Jin, X. Ren, J. Lu, Q. Meng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The influence of medium composition and cultural conditions on simultaneous yield of mycelia, intracellular polysaccharide, adenosine, and mannitol by Cordyceps militaris CGMCC 2909 was investigated with desirability functions in this study. An optimization strategy based on the desirability function approach, together with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize medium composition, and the optimal medium was obtained via the desirability as follows: yeast extract 10.33 g/L, sucrose 27.24 g/L, KH2PO4 5.60 g/L and the optimal culture conditions are initial pH 6, 25°C, rotation speed 150 r/minute, inoculum size 4%(v/v), and medium capacity 40 mL/250 mL. Under these conditions, …
Application Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry For The Determination Of Tramadol In Biological Samples,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Application Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry For The Determination Of Tramadol In Biological Samples, A. Sheibani, N. Haghpazir
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, a simple and rapid ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) method has been described for the determination of tramadol. The operating instrumental parameters that could influence IMS were investigated and optimized (temperature; injection: 220 and IMS cell: 190°C, flow rate; carrier: 300 and drift: 600 mL/minute, voltage; corona: 2300 and drift: 7000 V, pulse width: 100 μs). Under optimum conditions, the calibration curves were linear within two orders of magnitude with R2 ≥ 0.998 for the determination of tramadol in human plasma, saliva, serum, and urine samples. The limits of detection and the limits of quantitation were between 0.1 …
Linearity Study On Detection And Quantification Limits For The Determination Of Avermectins Using Linear Regression,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Linearity Study On Detection And Quantification Limits For The Determination Of Avermectins Using Linear Regression, R. Ismail, H.Y. Lee, N.A. Mahyudin, Bakar F. Abu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, linear relationships between response and concentration were used to estimate the detection limit (DL) and quantification limit (QL) for five avermectins: Emamectin, abamectin, doramectin, moxidectin, and ivermectin. Estimation of DL and QL was based on the standard deviation of residual and y-intercept of the regression line at low concentrations of avermectins, using the dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure. Avermectin extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the regression slope, DL and QL were higher at concentrations of 0.3-0.4 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg, respectively, for all avermectin compounds. Linearity assessment was performed by linear regression, …
Antioxidant Effects Of Camellia Sinensis L. Extract In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antioxidant Effects Of Camellia Sinensis L. Extract In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, A. Spadiene, N. Savickiene, L. Ivanauskas, V. Jakstas, A. Skesters, A. Silova, H. Rodovicius
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has dramatically increased in the past decade. Furthermore, increasing evidence from research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and in its complications. A search for ways to reduce oxidative damage has become the focus of interest for the majority of scientists. In this study, we determined the radical scavenging activity of single green tea constituents by using an on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and evaluated the antioxidant effects on type 2 diabetic patients by performing a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Epigallocatechin gallate was identified …
Hypocholesterolemic Properties Of Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisii) And Shaddock (Citrus Maxima) Juices And Inhibition Of Angiotensin-1-Converting Enzyme Activity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hypocholesterolemic Properties Of Grapefruit (Citrus Paradisii) And Shaddock (Citrus Maxima) Juices And Inhibition Of Angiotensin-1-Converting Enzyme Activity, G. Oboh, F.O. Bello, A.O. Ademosun
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Grapefruit (Citrus paradisii) and shaddock (Citrus maxima) juices are used in folk medicine for the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanism of action by which they exert their therapeutic action is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grapefruit and shaddock juices on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in vitro and the hypocholesterolemic properties of the juices in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Grapefruit juice had higher total phenol and flavonoid contents than shaddock juice, while both juices inhibited ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, administration of the juices to rats …
Regulation Of Human Cytokines By Cordyceps Militaris,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Regulation Of Human Cytokines By Cordyceps Militaris, Y. Sun, Y. Shao, Z. Zhang, L. Wang, A.M. Mariga, G. Pang, C. Geng, C.-T. Ho, Q. Hu, L. Zhao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) exhibits many biological activities including antioxidant, inhibition of inflammation, cancer prevention, hypoglycemic, and antiaging properties, etc. However, a majority of studies involving C. militaris have focused only on in vitro and animal models, and there is a lack of direct translation and application of study results to clinical practice (e.g., health benefits). In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects of C. militaris micron powder (3 doses) on the human immune system. The study results showed that administration of C. militaris at various dosages reduced the activity of cytokines such as eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor-2, GRO, and …
Dolichos Biflorus Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory And Antioxidant Properties In An Acute Inflammatory Model,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Dolichos Biflorus Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory And Antioxidant Properties In An Acute Inflammatory Model, L.E. Mathew, G. Sindhu, A. Helen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Dolichos biflorus (Muthira) is a branched, suberect, and downing herb, native to most parts of India, and found at altitudes of up to 1000 m, whose seeds can be cooked and eaten. Nutrition plays a key role in building immunity and preventing noncommunicable diseases to a certain extent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of 70% methanolic extract of seeds of D. biflorus (DME) in carrageenan-induced inflammation. DME exhibited maximum percentage of oedema inhibition at a dose of 50 mg/kg at the 3rd hour of carrageenan induction. The effect was higher than that …
Use Of A Failure Probability Constraint To Suggest An Initial Dose In A Phase I Cancer Clinical Trial,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Use Of A Failure Probability Constraint To Suggest An Initial Dose In A Phase I Cancer Clinical Trial, S.-C. Chang, C.-J. Chang, Y.-J. Lin, I.-B. Lian, C.S.J. Fann
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The primary objective of a Phase I cancer clinical trial is to determine the maximum tolerated dose of a drug. The "failure probability" was proposed and used as a constraint to help identify a suitable initial dose range. The maximum tolerated dose was then determined based on a 3 + 3 cohort-based escalation scheme. Multiple simulations were conducted, and the method was evaluated according to the required sample size and accuracy and precision of maximum tolerated dose estimate. The results indicated that the median of the initial dose range suggested using a failure probability is a suitable initial dose regardless …
Extraction Of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide And The Antioxidant Activity From Semen Cassiae,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extraction Of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide And The Antioxidant Activity From Semen Cassiae, C. Liu, Q. Liu, J. Sun, B. Jiang, J. Yan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from Semen cassiae using water for extraction and ethanol for deposition. The optimized conditions for polysaccharide isolation by orthogonal experiments were a sample to liquid ratio of 1:30 at 80°C for 3.5 hours; the yield of polysaccharide from Semen cassiae under these conditions was 5.46%. Different polysaccharides (SCPW-1, SCPW-2, SCPW-3, SCPW-4, SCPW-5, SCPS-1, SCPS-2) were obtained from the extract (i.e., crude polysaccharide) by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The polysaccharides obtained showed different structures by Fourier transform infrared therein the five elected from the seven kinds separated. The antioxidant activities of the extract were evaluated. The scavenging rates …
Characterization Of Odor-Active Compounds In Cooked Meat Of Farmed Obscure Puffer (Takifugu Obscurus) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Characterization Of Odor-Active Compounds In Cooked Meat Of Farmed Obscure Puffer (Takifugu Obscurus) Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry, N.-P. Tao, R. Wu, P.-G. Zhou, S.-Q. Gu, W. Wu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The volatile and odor-active compounds in cooked meat of farmed obscure puffer (Takifugu obscurus) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). The volatile compounds were extracted by the simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method, then separated and identified by GC-MS. Odor-active compounds in the SDE extract were characterized by GC-MS-O. A total of 68 volatile compounds were found, including 23 aldehydes, 10 alcohols, nine ketones, 17 N- or S-containing compounds and aromatics, three acids, three alkanes, and three esters. Of these, 31 odor-active compounds were detected and identified. Trimethylamine (fishy), octanal (grassy, leafy, green), (E)-2-octenal (roast, fatty), 1-octen-3-ol (fishy, fatty, mushroom, grassy), …
Effect Of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid And Nattokinase-Enriched Fermented Beans On The Blood Pressure Of Spontaneously Hypertensive And Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid And Nattokinase-Enriched Fermented Beans On The Blood Pressure Of Spontaneously Hypertensive And Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto Rats, K. Suwanmanon, P.-C. Hsieh
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study we have evaluated the changes in arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) caused by the short-term intake of Bacillus subtilis B060-fermented beans with significant γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nattokinase activity. After being weaned, 7-week-old male SHR and 7-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomized into seven groups. Until the 8th week of life, the rats in each group were given one of the following: Group 1, high dose of GABA and nattokinase in the SHR (SHD); Group 2, medium dose of GABA and nattokinase in the SHR (SMD); Group 3, low dose of GABA and …
A Review Of Quality Surveillance Projects On Cosmetics In Taiwan,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Review Of Quality Surveillance Projects On Cosmetics In Taiwan, M.-H. Chung, W.-S. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Chen, M.-S. Lee, S.-C. Huang, Y.-P. Chen, D.Y.-C. Shih, H.-F. Cheng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The Food and Drug Administration in Taiwan is responsible for the quality regulation and control of cosmetics. In order to have a clear understanding of the trends in the product quality monitoring outcomes and the regulatory control measures over the past years, this study has put together the reports of nine cosmetic surveillance projects conducted between 1982 and 2012. The findings can be used as a reference in developing a more solid quality monitoring plan and management system for cosmetic products. Results show that permanent wave products, hair dye products, and phthalate esters in cosmetic products have the highest average …
Integration Of Independent Component Analysis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Bioactive Components In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Integration Of Independent Component Analysis With Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Analysis Of Bioactive Components In The Medicinal Plant Gentiana Scabra Bunge, Y.-K. Chuang, I.-C. Yang, Y.M. Lo, C.-Y. Tsai, S. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Independent component (IC) analysis was applied to near-infrared spectroscopy for analysis of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin; the two bioactive components of Gentiana scabra Bunge. ICs that are highly correlated with the two bioactive components were selected for the analysis of tissue cultures, shoots and roots, which were found to distribute in three different positions within the domain [two-dimensional (2D) and 3D] constructed by the ICs. This setup could be used for quantitative determination of respective contents of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin within the plants. For gentiopicroside, the spectral calibration model based on the second derivative spectra produced the best effect in the …
Determination Of The Food Dye Carmine In Milk And Candy Products By Differential Pulse Polarography,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of The Food Dye Carmine In Milk And Candy Products By Differential Pulse Polarography, U.T. Yilmaz, F. Ergun, H. Yilmaz
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
As a basis for the development of a sensitive analytical method for the determination of carmine food dye, a study of the differential pulse polarographic reduction of carminic acid (CA) on a dropping mercury electrode was performed. For the analytical differential pulse polarographic method running at pH 2.0 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution (peak at -489 mV), the relationship between the peak current and CA concentration was linear in the range of 1 μM to 90 μM with a detection limit of 0.16 μM. The proposed electrochemical procedure was successfully applied to the determination of carmine food dye in spiked commercially …
Comparison Of Free Radical Formation Induced By Baicalein And Pentamethyl-Hydroxychromane In Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells Using Electron Spin Resonance,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Comparison Of Free Radical Formation Induced By Baicalein And Pentamethyl-Hydroxychromane In Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells Using Electron Spin Resonance, Y.-K. Huang, T.-C. Chang, J.-R. Sheu, K.-H. Wen, D.-S. Chou
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Baicalein and pentamethyl-hydroxychromane (PMC) have been investigated for use as antioxidants. However, antioxidants may stimulate free radical formation under certain conditions. The aim of our study was to determine whether PMC and baicalein exhibit both pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. In this study, electron spin resonance spectrometry was used to investigate the effects of baicalein and PMC on free radical formation. In HL-60 cells, baicalein and PMC produced hydroxyl and phenoxyl radicals, respectively, but each inhibited radical formation by the other. The PMC pro-oxidant activity required H2O2, whereas baicalein produced hydroxyl radicals during the cell …
Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior Of Hydrochlorothiazide On A Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Voltammetric Determination In Pharmaceutical Formulations And Biological Fluids,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Electrochemical Oxidation Behavior Of Hydrochlorothiazide On A Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Voltammetric Determination In Pharmaceutical Formulations And Biological Fluids, A.F. Alghamdi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The electrochemical oxidation behavior of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on a glassy carbon as a working electrode was investigated in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer pH 3, by using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). This drug gave a well-defined voltammetric oxidation peak at + 1200 mV versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The electrochemical oxidation process was shown to be irreversible and diffusion controlled, with adsorption characterized over the entire pH range. The optimized conditions, such as accumulation time and potential, scan rate, frequency, pulse amplitude, varying of working electrodes, and instrumental parameters were studied. The calibration graph for HCT was obtained …
