Neuroinflammatory And Metabolomic Temporal Dynamics From Inhaled Wildfire Smoke With Attenuation Via Pharmacological Intervention,
2023
University of New Mexico
Neuroinflammatory And Metabolomic Temporal Dynamics From Inhaled Wildfire Smoke With Attenuation Via Pharmacological Intervention, David Scieszka
Biomedical Sciences ETDs
Wildfire smoke is a global issue affecting nearly all humans on the surface of this Earth. Smoke dispersion from wildfires can span continents and cross oceans with amazing ease. Furthermore, total acres of land burned per year in the United States has roughly doubled since 1980, meaning this issue will persist for an indeterminate amount of time. Exposure to wildfire smoke is hazardous and promotes aging-associated events in the cardiopulmonary systems. Yet long- and short-term effects on the brain remain relatively unknown. From these, it is critically important to understand the neurological impacts from wildfire smoke exposure; to compare these …
Interspecies Differences In Organophosphate Anticholinesterase Inhibition Potency And Reactivation Using Novel Oximes,
2023
Mississippi State University
Interspecies Differences In Organophosphate Anticholinesterase Inhibition Potency And Reactivation Using Novel Oximes, Katie Elizabeth Strickland
Theses and Dissertations
Organophosphates are insecticides which result in acute adverse signs when exposed at toxic doses by animals and lead to death if left untreated. The current treatment for organophosphate toxicity includes atropine and the federally approved oxime 2-PAM. However, 2-PAM is not very effective at crossing the blood brain barrier which results in prolonged inactivation of acetylcholinesterase, which is the primary target of organophosphates, in the brain even after administration. The novel oximes, Oxime 15 and Oxime 20, are able to cross the blood brain barrier and reactivate the inhibited acetylcholinesterase. In this experiment with six animal species frequently used in …
Drug Ideologies Of The United States,
2023
Liberty University
Drug Ideologies Of The United States, Macy Montgomery
Helm's School of Government Conference - 2021-2024
The United States has been increasingly creating lenient drug policies. Seventeen states and Washington, the District of Columbia, legalized marijuana, and Oregon decriminalized certain drugs, including methamphetamine, heroin, and cocaine. The medical community has proven that drugs, including marijuana, have myriad adverse health side effects. This leads to two questions: Why does the United States government continue to create lenient drug policies, and what reasons do citizens give for legalizing drugs when the medical community has proven them harmful? The paper hypothesizes that the disadvantages of drug legalization outweigh its benefits because of the numerous harms it causes, such as …
Investigating Stormwater Parameters From Runoff On East Tennessee State University Campus,
2023
East Tennessee State University
Investigating Stormwater Parameters From Runoff On East Tennessee State University Campus, Abby Mciver, Dr. Joseph R. Bidwell
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Climate change has caused an increase in extreme rain events and flooding in certain regions across the globe. During rain events, water flows over impervious surfaces structures such as roads and sidewalks, picking up contaminants such as metals, fertilizers and other nutrients, and various organics that which may impact organisms in such as streams, river, and lakes. Previous work has found significant differences in survival of organisms that were exposed to contaminated stormwater runoff. This study investigated stormwater chemistry parameters at collection sites on the East Tennessee State University campus. Sites were selected based on the extent of human interaction …
Role Of Salinity In Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (Pfos) Bioconcentration Between Aquatic Species And The Differential Regulation Of Transporters In Fundulus Heteroclitus,
2023
Clemson University
Role Of Salinity In Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (Pfos) Bioconcentration Between Aquatic Species And The Differential Regulation Of Transporters In Fundulus Heteroclitus, Tyler Davis
All Theses
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is known for its surfactant properties and its resistance to degradation. The persistence and lipophilicity of PFOS in surface waters have led to its bioaccumulation in fish, which in turn leads to its accumulation and toxic effects in humans that consume fish. PFOS is also hypothesized to perturb reproduction and survival of low and mid-trophic level zooplankton species such as Daphnia magna that are food for multiple fish species. In this study, a 21-day D. magna chronic toxicity test was performed using 1,10, 100, 1000, and 5000 ppb of PFOS to …
Effects Of Wildfire Smoke Exposure On Peripheral Body Systems And Implications For Laboratory Animal Research,
2023
Boise State University
Effects Of Wildfire Smoke Exposure On Peripheral Body Systems And Implications For Laboratory Animal Research, Adam J. Schuller
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Wildfire smoke (WFS) exposure is becoming a frequent global problem as more intense fire seasons occur each year with warmer and drier climates. Still, little is known about the specific effects elicited when WFS exposure occurs, especially in body systems outside of the lung and heart. Here, I will discuss the classic associations that have been made between WFS exposure and cardiopulmonary health effects before sharing novel work which suggests changes in male reproductive and central nervous systems. Then, I will emphasize the importance of monitoring the air quality within laboratory animal facilities by presenting data characterizing the ability of …
Changes In Energy Metabolism Induced By Pfos And Dietary Oxylipins,
2023
Clemson University
Changes In Energy Metabolism Induced By Pfos And Dietary Oxylipins, William Evans
All Theses
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), an emerging environmental toxicant in addition to 9- hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and 9-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid (9-HOTrE), endogenously produced oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) have been recently associated with hepatic steatosis and peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor signaling by data produced from our laboratory and others. Given the importance of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis, an array of extracellular flux assays was performed using HepG2 cells to test for the ability of these compounds to disrupt overall mitochondrial activity and respiration associated with fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis specifically. PFOS and …
Pfas: A Threat To Public Health And Safety,
2023
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Pfas: A Threat To Public Health And Safety, Ibrahim Qazi, Adriana Carrillo, Alexa Guloy [email protected], Emily Moon, Rayan Muneer, Hien Tran, Raiden Wadsworth
Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters
Nonstick pots and pans, takeout containers, waterproof clothes: these are items that people use in their daily lives. A common denominator in all of these items lies PFAS, or Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances. Our exposure to these chemicals has proven to be toxic and carcinogenic to human health. Despite the evidence of their harmful effects, many companies still continue to incorporate these forever chemicals into their products, thus prolonging their exposure to humans.
Senesced Leaves Of An Invasive Species (Lonicera Maackii) Alter Community Composition And Ecosystem Function In Experimental Wetlands,
2023
Eastern Kentucky University
Senesced Leaves Of An Invasive Species (Lonicera Maackii) Alter Community Composition And Ecosystem Function In Experimental Wetlands, Cy Mott
2023 Midwest Ecology & Evolution Conference
Secondary compounds produced by terrestrial invasive plants can cross terrestrial-aquatic boundaries via senesced leaves, leading to altered patterns of aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prior attempts to examine the impacts of invasive leaves on wetland communities have primarily employed the use of leaf leachates and focal taxa inhabiting relatively low trophic positions, and additional studies are needed to examine impacts on higher-order consumers and potential additive/synergistic effects of leachates and leaf decomposition. Using cattle-tank mesocosms across multiple experiments, we observed that the addition of senescent leaves of Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) to native leaves resulted in mass mortality …
Potential Of Constructed Wetlands For The Treatment Of Heavy Metals From Wastewater,
2023
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences. MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan. Pakistan.
Potential Of Constructed Wetlands For The Treatment Of Heavy Metals From Wastewater, Hasnain Raza, Qurat Ul Ain, Haseena Bibi, Tehmina Bibi, Huda Bilal
Journal of Bioresource Management
Overpopulation, urbanization, and economic race increase the pressure on freshwater resources resulting in water scarcity challenges around the globe. Moreover, the generation of wastewater is also enhancing the scarcity threats for freshwater resources. Water scarcity issues forced the policymaker, thinker, scientist, and researcher to think about non-conventional water resources to cope with the increasing demands. This wastewater recycling and treatment play an evident role to fulfill the growing demand for freshwater in socioeconomic sectors especially, for agriculture, due to its 70 % dependency on freshwater resources. Different wastewater treatment methods along with merits and demerits are in practice for the …
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Passivated Fluorescent Iron Oxide Quantum Dots For Turn-Off Detection Of Tetracycline In Biological Fluids,
2023
Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Passivated Fluorescent Iron Oxide Quantum Dots For Turn-Off Detection Of Tetracycline In Biological Fluids, Sri Sudewi, Lutfi Chabib, Muhammad Zulfajri, Gangaraju Gedda, Genin Gary Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Tetracycline is an antibiotic that has been prescribed for COVID-19 treatment, raising concerns about antibiotic resistance after long-term use. This study reported fluorescent polyvinylpyrrolidone-passivated iron oxide quantum dots (IO QDs) for detecting tetracycline in biological fluids for the first time. The as-prepared IO QDs have an average size of 2.84 nm and exist a good stability under different conditions. The IO QDs’ tetracycline detection performance could be attributed to a combination of static quenching and inner filter effect. The IO QDs displayed high sensitivity and selectivity toward tetracycline and achieved a good linear relationship with the corresponding detection limit being …
Chemical Transformation Of Cannabidiol Into Psychotropic Cannabinoids Under Acidic Reaction Conditions: Identification Of Transformed Products By Gc-Ms,
2023
College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Chemical Transformation Of Cannabidiol Into Psychotropic Cannabinoids Under Acidic Reaction Conditions: Identification Of Transformed Products By Gc-Ms, Minsun Jeong, Sangin Lee, Chaeyoung Seo, Eunjeong Kwon, Soohyang Rho, Mansoo Cho, Moon Yeon Kim, Wonwoong Lee, Yong Sup Lee, Jongki Hong
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Recently, cannabidiol (CBD), one of the major components of the Cannabis species, has been a focus in the cannabis industry due to its various pharmacological effects. Interestingly, CBD can be converted into several psychoactive cannabinoids, such as 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and its structural isomers, under acidic reaction conditions. In this study, chemical transformation of CBD in ethanol solution was conducted with variation in pH at 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 by addition of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). These resulting solutions were derivatized with trimethylsilyl (TMS) reagent and analyzed using GC/MS-scan mode. Time profiles of CBD degradation and transformation of …
Development Of A Metabolomics-Based Data Analysis Approach For Identifying Drug Metabolites Based On High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry,
2023
Department of Anesthesiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi City 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Development Of A Metabolomics-Based Data Analysis Approach For Identifying Drug Metabolites Based On High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Hsiao-Hsien Ting, Yi-Shiou Chiou, Tien-Yi Chang, Guan-Yu Lin, Pei-Jhen Li, Chia-Lung Shih
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A metabolomics-based approach to data analysis is required for drug metabolites to be identified quickly. This study developed such an approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our approach is a two-stage one that combines a time-course experiment with stable isotope tracing. Pioglitazone (PIO) was used to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consequently, PIO was taken as a model drug for identifying metabolites. During Stage I of data analysis, 704 out of 26626 ions exhibited a positive relationship between ion abundance ratio and incubation time in a time-course experiment. During Stage II, 25 isotope pairs were identified among …
Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Assisted By Signal Selection For Comprehensively Identifying Metabolites Of New Psychoactive Substances: 4-Meo-Α-Pvp As An Example,
2023
Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Assisted By Signal Selection For Comprehensively Identifying Metabolites Of New Psychoactive Substances: 4-Meo-Α-Pvp As An Example, Hsin-Yi Wu, Yuan-Chih Chen, Jing-Fang Hsu, Hsiang-Ting Lu, Yu-Yi Pan, Mi-Chia Ma, Pao-Chi Liao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
New psychoactive substances (NPS) have been rapidly emerged as legal alternatives to controlled drugs, which raised severe public health issue. The detection and monitoring of its intake by complete metabolic profiling is an urgent and vital task. Untargeted metabolomics approach has been applied for several NPS metabolites studies. Although the number of such works is relatively limited but with a rapidly growing need. The present study aimed to propose a procedure that includes liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis and a signal selection software, MetaboFinder, programed as a web tool. The comprehensive metabolites profile of one kind of NPS, …
Guilu Erxian Jiao Enhances Protein Synthesis, Glucose Homeostasis, Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Slow-Twitch Fibers In The Skeletal Muscle,
2023
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Guilu Erxian Jiao Enhances Protein Synthesis, Glucose Homeostasis, Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Slow-Twitch Fibers In The Skeletal Muscle, Wei-Yu Fang, Wan-Hsuan Chang, Yi-Hong Tsai, Hung-Te Hsu, Fang-Rong Chang, Chih-Lung Lin, Yi-Ching Lo
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Guilu Erxian Jiao (GEJ) is a commonly used nutritional supplement due to its rich content of amino acids. It is also a traditional herbal medicine for improving degenerative joint. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of GEJ water extract (GEJ-WE) on skeletal muscle in C2C12 myotubes and C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of GEJ-WE were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting with chemical standards. Protein expression, mRNA level, glycogen content, mitochondria activity and ATP level were evaluated by western blots, real-time PCR, PAS staining, MTT and ATP bioluminescence assay, respectively. Skeletal muscle strength was evaluated by grip strength. Skeletal …
High-Resolution 1h Nmr Analysis Of Continuous And Discontinuous Thermo-Oxidative Susceptibility Of Culinary Oils During Frying At 180℃,
2023
Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
High-Resolution 1h Nmr Analysis Of Continuous And Discontinuous Thermo-Oxidative Susceptibility Of Culinary Oils During Frying At 180℃, Gilbert Ampem, Adam Le Gresley, Martin Grootveld, Declan P Naughton
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Lipid oxidations products (LOPs) are reactive mutagenic and carcinogenic species known to be generated in thermally stressed culinary oils. Mapping the evolution of LOPs in culinary oils exposed to standard frying practices – both continuous and discontinuous thermo-oxidation – at 180℃ is vital to our understanding of these processes, and to the development of scientific solutions for their effective suppression. Modifications in the chemical compositions of the thermo-oxidised oils were analysed using a high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) technique. Research findings acquired showed that polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich culinary oils were the most susceptible to thermo-oxidation. …
Investigation Of Monacolin K, Yellow Pigments, And Citrinin Production Capabilities Of Monascus Purpureus And Monascus Ruber (Monascus Pilosus),
2023
Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Investigation Of Monacolin K, Yellow Pigments, And Citrinin Production Capabilities Of Monascus Purpureus And Monascus Ruber (Monascus Pilosus), Tzu-Shing Lin, Shih-Hau Chiu, Chien-Chi Chen, Chih-Hui Lin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Red mold rice (RMR) is a traditional Chinese medicine prepared using Monascus fermentation. M. ruber (pilosus) and M. purpureus have a long history of use as food and medicine. As an economically important starter culture, the relationship between the taxonomy of Monascus and production capabilities of secondary metabolites is crucial for the Monascus food industry. In this study, monacolin K, monascin, ankaflavin, and citrinin production by M. purpureus and M. ruber were genomically and chemically investigated. Our findings suggest that M. purpureus can produce monascin and ankaflavin in a correlated manner, whereas M. ruber produces monascin with minimum …
Determination Of 24 Sulfonamide Antibiotics In Instant Pastries By Modified Quechers Coupled With Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,
2023
Shijiazhuang Technology Innovation Center for Chemical Poison Detection and Risk Early Warning, Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
Determination Of 24 Sulfonamide Antibiotics In Instant Pastries By Modified Quechers Coupled With Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Shuo Li, Can Zhang, Hui-Xin Tang, Yue Gu, Ai-Jing Guo, Ke Wang, Kao-Qi Lian
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
There were few reports about antibiotic residues in egg-containing products. In the study, an effective method for the simultaneous determination of 24 sulfonamide antibiotics in two instant pastries based on a modified QuEChERS sample preparation technique coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The results show that the average recoveries of the SAs at 5, 10, and 50 µg·kg-1 levels were 67.6%-103.8%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.80-9.23%. The limit of detections (LODs) and limit of quantitations (LOQs) were 0.01-0.14 µg∙kg-1 and 0.02-0.45 µg∙kg-1, respectively. This method was suitable for analysis of …
Erinacine S From Hericium Erinaceus Mycelium Promotes Neuronal Regeneration By Inducing Neurosteroids Accumulation,
2023
Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Erinacine S From Hericium Erinaceus Mycelium Promotes Neuronal Regeneration By Inducing Neurosteroids Accumulation, Chun-Yu Lin, Yi-Ju Chen, Chih-Hsuan Hsu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Peng-Tzu Chen, Ting-Han Kuo, Chris T. Ho, Hsin-Hua Chen, Sih-Jia Huang, Ho-Chieh Chiu, Chin-Chu Chen, Eric Hwang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Erinacines derived from Hericium erinaceus have been shown to possess various health benefits including neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases, yet the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we found that erinacine S enhances neurite outgrowth in a cell autonomous fashion. It promotes post-injury axon regeneration of PNS neurons and enhances regeneration on inhibitory substrates of CNS neurons. Using RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses, erinacine S was found to cause the accumulation of neurosteroids in neurons. ELISA and neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor assays were performed to validate this effect. This research uncovers a previously unknown effect of erinacine S on raising the level of neurosteroids.
Regulatory Considerations For Generic Products Of Non-Biological Complex Drugs,
2023
School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Regulatory Considerations For Generic Products Of Non-Biological Complex Drugs, Yu-Hsuan Liu, Yi-Shuo Chen, Ting Tseng, Min-Lin Jiang, Churn-Shiouh Gau, Lin-Chau Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The Non-Biological Complex Drug (NBCD) Working Group defines an NBCD as “a medicinal product, not being a biological medicine, where the active substance is not a homo-molecular structure, but consists of different (closely related and often nanoparticulate) structures that cannot be isolated and fully quantitated, characterized and/or described by physicochemical analytical means”. There are concerns about the potential clinical differences between the follow-on versions and the originator products and within the individual follow-on versions. In the present study, we compare the regulatory requirements for developing generic products of NBCDs in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). The …
