Molecular Mechanisms Of Novel Brain-Penetrating Oxime Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators On Sarin Surrogate-Induced Toxicities,
2023
Mississippi State University
Molecular Mechanisms Of Novel Brain-Penetrating Oxime Acetylcholinesterase Reactivators On Sarin Surrogate-Induced Toxicities, Darby Caroline Stanford
Theses and Dissertations
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs), both nerve agents and insecticides, may induce damage leading to long-term neurological deficits. Oxime 20, the lead compound from a platform of substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes (US Patent 9,227,937), is an oxime that reactivates OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and has displayed neuroprotection within the brain of rats in in vivo tests where the currently approved treatment, pralidoxime (2-PAM), has not. This research investigated the neuroprotective effect of novel oxime therapy. Gene expression in rat piriform cortex was analyzed to determine if neurotoxicity, stress, and synaptic plasticity-associated genes were down-regulated by Oxime 20 following a sublethal dose of sarin …
Toxicity Of Different Insecticides To Sitophilus Oryzae, Tribolium Castaeneum And Tribolium Confusum Infesting Corn,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Toxicity Of Different Insecticides To Sitophilus Oryzae, Tribolium Castaeneum And Tribolium Confusum Infesting Corn, Amina Twaibu
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Corn is an important cereal crop cultivated across various countries, including the United States. Corn serves multiple purposes such as human and livestock food and raw material for industrial processes. Despite being an important crop, corn production faces challenges due to factors such as weather fluctuations and the presence of insect pests and diseases, both in the field and during storage. Among these challenges, insect infestation poses a major threat, as the insect damage not only reduces the quantity and quality of the grain but also renders it unfit for human and animal consumption, leading to a decrease in market …
Epitranscriptomic Regulation In Breast Cancer And Pcb-Induced Liver Disease.,
2023
University of Louisville
Epitranscriptomic Regulation In Breast Cancer And Pcb-Induced Liver Disease., Belinda Petri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Post-transcriptional RNA modifications including N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulate mRNA stability, splicing, and translation. My research examined m6A in two disease models: breast cancer (BCa) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Acquired resistance to endocrine therapies (ET) develops in approximately 20% of BCa patients with estrogen receptor α positive (ER+) tumors following treatment. The mechanisms by which tumor cells evade ET are not completely understood. Using a cell line model, we investigated the role of an m6A reader protein, HNRNPA2B1 (A2B1) that is upregulated in ET-resistant ER+ BCa cells. Stable overexpression of A2B1 in ET-sensitive MCF-7 cells (MCF-7-A2B1), results in ET resistance, …
The Role Of E-Liquid Constituents In E-Cigarette-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmia And Autonomic Imbalance.,
2023
University of Louisville
The Role Of E-Liquid Constituents In E-Cigarette-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmia And Autonomic Imbalance., Cory Kucera
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that exposure to electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) promotes sympathetic dominance and electrophysiologic instability in the heart, potentially culminating in arrhythmogenesis. E-liquids contain various formulations of nicotine and flavorings, but the effects of specific e-liquid constituents and their concentrations on e-cig-induced autonomic imbalance and electrical dysfunction are unresolved. To that end, we tested the hypothesis that e-cigs modify cardiac autonomic balance and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in mice dependent on e-liquid constituent type and concentration. Methods. Using a crossover design and a serial exposure regimen, ECG-telemetered male C57BL/6J mice underwent whole-body exposure to e-cig aerosols generated from e-liquids containing different …
Hair And Drugs: The Impact Of Dry Shampoo And Gel On Cocaine-Contaminated Hair,
2023
CUNY John Jay College
Hair And Drugs: The Impact Of Dry Shampoo And Gel On Cocaine-Contaminated Hair, Marialejandra Faure Betancourt
Student Theses
Hair is a biological sample used in forensic toxicology to identify and quantify drug exposure. However, when interpreting analytical results, hair can be challenging due to the presence of external contamination. Previous studies have shown that cosmetic treatments remove drugs within the hair shaft decreasing their concentration. Nevertheless, not enough information is available to explain this phenomenon. This study focused to determine whether cosmetic products such as dry shampoo and gel influence the concentration of externally deposited cocaine (COC) and benzoylecgonine (BE) in different hair types/colors. Hair samples from fifteen COC-free volunteers of various hair colors/types were collected and divided …
Pcb126 Exposure During Pregnancy Alters Maternal And Fetal Gene Expression,
2023
University of Kentucky
Pcb126 Exposure During Pregnancy Alters Maternal And Fetal Gene Expression, Cetewayo S. Rashid, Joshua D. Preston, Sara Y. Ngo Tenlep, Marissa K. Cook, Eric M. Blalock, Changcheng Zhou, Hollie I. Swanson, Kevin J. Pearson
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic pollutants that can have lasting impacts on offspring health. Here, we sought to examine maternal and fetal gene expression differences of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)- regulated genes in a mouse model of prenatal PCB126 exposure. Female mice were bred and gavaged with 1 μmole/kg bodyweight PCB126 or vehicle control on embryonic days 0 and 14, and maternal and fetal tissues were collected on embryonic day 18.5. Total RNAs were isolated, and gene expression levels were analyzed in both maternal and fetal tissues using the NanoString nCounter system. Interestingly, we found that the expression levels of …
Effects Of Environmental Pollutants On Liver Disease: Role Of The Gut-Liver Axis.,
2023
University of Louisville
Effects Of Environmental Pollutants On Liver Disease: Role Of The Gut-Liver Axis., Ngozi Victoria Adiele
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polystyrene (PS) microplastics are environmental pollutants associated with various diseases including toxicant associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD). Previously, exposure to Aroclor 1260 (a PCB mixture) has been shown to exacerbate TAFLD, partly through Aroclor 1260 induced gut dysbiosis. Studies has also demonstrated that PS exposure alters gut microbiome composition and induced obesity. However, the effects of Aroclor 1260 on the gut and the effects of PS on the liver are still understudied. Therefore, we hypothesize that environmental pollutants will disrupt the gut-liver axis through changes in gut and its microbiome as well as changes in liver …
Lung And Colorectal Cancer Disparities In Appalachian Kentucky: Spatial Analysis On The Influence Of Education And Literacy,
2023
University of Kentucky
Lung And Colorectal Cancer Disparities In Appalachian Kentucky: Spatial Analysis On The Influence Of Education And Literacy, Nicole Robertson Mph, Todd Burus, Lauren Hudson, Pamela C. Hull, Lee Park, Nathan L. Vanderford
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
Low educational attainment and high cancer incidence and mortality rates have long been a challenge in Appalachian Kentucky. Prior studies have reported disparities in cancer incidence and mortality between Appalachian and non-Appalachian populations, but the influence of education on this disparity has not been extensively studied. Herein, all cancers and two cancer sites with available screenings (colorectal and lung) were joined with education indicators (educational attainment and literacy) and one geographic indicator across all 120 Kentucky counties. This dataset was used to build choropleth maps and perform simple linear and spatial regression to assess statistical significance and to measure the …
Linking The Metabolic And Ecological Fate Of Caribbean Ciguatoxins And Related Neurotoxins In Reef Herbivores,
2023
University of South Alabama
Linking The Metabolic And Ecological Fate Of Caribbean Ciguatoxins And Related Neurotoxins In Reef Herbivores, Jessica K. Gwinn
Graduate Theses and Dissertations (2019 - present)
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is one of the most prominent seafood-borne illnesses worldwide, affecting between 25,000–500,000 people annually. Ciguatera is caused by the ingestion of seafood contaminated with algal-derived ciguatoxins (CTX), the precursors of which are produced by benthic and toxigenic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. These compounds enter marine food webs through herbivory and are subsequently transferred to higher trophic levels, undergoing complex metabolic biotransformations, which produce structurally related CTX derivatives. Consumption of CTX induces a variety of severe neurological, gastrointestinal, and/or cardiovascular symptoms beginning within hours and lasting for weeks to months following exposure. Despite the impact …
Investigation Of Antidiabetic Activities Of Cu(Ii) Complex Of Anacardium Occidentale Leaves Crude Extract,
2023
Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Investigation Of Antidiabetic Activities Of Cu(Ii) Complex Of Anacardium Occidentale Leaves Crude Extract, Mary Adelaide Oladipo, Folasade Omobolanle Ajao, Adewusi John Adepoju, Kayode Taiwo Ishola, Deborah Omowumi Afolabi
Tanzania Journal of Science
Many synthetic chemical drugs have been widely used for the treatment of diabetes. However, many of these drugs are not locally available, are less effective, and are unaffordable for many diabetic patients in developing and underdeveloped countries. Therefore, in order to search for a locally available, effective, and cost-effective antidiabetic agent, this study synthesized the Cu(II) complex of crude leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale and investigated its antidiabetic activity in alloxan induced albino rats. The leaf crude extract and its metal complex were characterized using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Experimental diabetic animals were induced by a …
Ameliorative Effects Of Vitamins C And E On Haematotoxicity And Spleen Histopathology Induced By Dichlorvos Insecticide In Female Wistar Rats,
2023
Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Ameliorative Effects Of Vitamins C And E On Haematotoxicity And Spleen Histopathology Induced By Dichlorvos Insecticide In Female Wistar Rats, Halima Mfaume, Harishchandra Pratap, Claudius Luziga, Felister Urasa
Tanzania Journal of Science
This research aimed to assess the toxicological effects of dichlorvos insecticide (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate or DDVP) on haematological indices of female Wistar rats and to investigate the antioxidant properties of vitamins C and E in ameliorating haematotoxicity. The rats were divided into 6 groups; control-water, control-oil, dichlorvos group, dichlorvos + vitamin C group, dichlorvos + vitamin E group and dichlorvos + vitamin C + E group. Dichlorvos and vitamins were orally administered to rats with an interval of half an hour between treatments. The control-oil group was given 2 ml corn oil and the control-water group was given water adlib. …
Using Lanthanide Ions As Magnetic And Sensing Probes For The Detection Of Tetracycline From Complex Samples,
2023
Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
Using Lanthanide Ions As Magnetic And Sensing Probes For The Detection Of Tetracycline From Complex Samples, Yan-Cen Zhan, Chin-Poa Chiu, Yu-Chie Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Tetracycline (TC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and has been added to animal feeds to grow livestock under healthy conditions, making it important to have effective methods for rapidly detecting TC in complex samples. In this study, a novel method that uses lanthanide ions (i.e. Eu3+ and Gd3+) as magnetic and sensing probes for the detection of TC from aqueous samples is explored. When dissolving Gd3+ in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffer at pH 9, magnetic Gd3+-Tris conjugates can be readily generated. The magnetic Gd3+-Tris conjugates possess trapping capacity toward TC from sample solutions via …
Urolithin A Exhibits A Neuroprotective Effect Against Alzheimer’S Disease By Inhibiting Dyrk1a Activity,
2023
Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wu-Xing Street, Xinyi Dist., Taipei 110, Taiwan
Urolithin A Exhibits A Neuroprotective Effect Against Alzheimer’S Disease By Inhibiting Dyrk1a Activity, Huang-Ju Tu, Chih-Jou Su, Chao-Shiang Peng, Tony Eight Lin, Wei-Chun Huang Fu, Kai-Cheng Hsu, Tsong-Long Hwang, Shiow-Lin Pan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with more than 50 million people suffer from it. Unfortunately, none of the currently available drugs is able to improve cognitive impairment in AD patients. Urolithin A (UA) is a metabolite obtained from ellagic acid and ellagitannin through the intestinal flora, and it has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous reports found that UA had neuroprotective effects in an AD animal model, but the detailed mechanism still needs to be elucidated. In this study, we performed kinase-profiling to show that dual-specific tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is the main target of UA. Studies …
Chemometrics-Assisted Spectroscopic Methods For Rapid Analysis Of Combined Anti-Malarial Tablets,
2023
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
Chemometrics-Assisted Spectroscopic Methods For Rapid Analysis Of Combined Anti-Malarial Tablets, Panawan Pruksapha, Putthiporn Khongkaew, Chaweewan Suwanvecho, Nantana Nuchtavorn, Chutima Phechkrajang, Leena Suntornsuk
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Combination of piperaquine (PQ) (320 mg) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) (40 mg) is an anti-malarial formulation, which is recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Simultaneous analysis of PQ and DHA can be problematic due to the lack of chromophores or fluorophores in DHA molecule. Whereas PQ possesses strong UV absorption and it presents in 8 times of DHA contents in the formulation. In this study, two spectroscopic methods, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, were developed for the determination of both drugs in combined tablets. The FTIR and Raman spectra were recorded in the attenuate total reflectance (ATR) and scattering …
Three-Dimensional Strategies In The Quantitative Resolution Of Kinetic Uv Absorbance Measurements For Monitoring The Oxidation Of Quercetin By Oxidant Agents And Analyzing Dietary Supplement Product,
2023
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
Three-Dimensional Strategies In The Quantitative Resolution Of Kinetic Uv Absorbance Measurements For Monitoring The Oxidation Of Quercetin By Oxidant Agents And Analyzing Dietary Supplement Product, Erdal Di̇nç, Asiye Üçer, Nazangül Ünal
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Three-dimensional strategies involving the application of parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to the kinetic UV absorbance measurements were elaborated to monitor the oxidation of quercetin with oxidant agents (K2Cr2O7 and KIO3) and to quantify analyte in a dietary supplement product. Loadings (spectral, kinetic and concentration profiles) were obtained by the PARAFAC deconvolution. Spectral identification, kinetics and quantification of the relevant analyte in the presence of interferent(s) were performed. The elaborated chemometric strategies were carefully validated to demonstrate the capability of the method. Assay results of the PARAFAC strategies were statistically compared to that of …
Resveratrol Stimulates Star Expression And Progesterone Production By Gper-Mediated Downregulation Of Snail Expression In Human Granulosa Cells,
2023
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
Resveratrol Stimulates Star Expression And Progesterone Production By Gper-Mediated Downregulation Of Snail Expression In Human Granulosa Cells, Tinglin Song, Jiaye Chen, Sizhu Yang, Boqun Liu, Lingling Zhang, Qian Zhang, Jung-Chien Cheng, Lanlan Fang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) plays a critical role in the regulation of progesterone (P4) production. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, has beneficial effects on reproductive function. However, its effects on StAR expression and P4 production in human granulosa cells remain undetermined. In this study, we showed the treatment of RSV upregulated StAR expression in human granulosa cells. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and ERK1/2 signaling were involved in RSV-stimulated StAR expression and P4 production. In addition, the expression of a transcriptional repressor, Snail, was downregulated by RSV, which contributed to the RSV-induced induction of StAR expression and P4 production.
Selective Detection Of Tricyclazole By Optical Technique Using Thiomalic Acid–Modified Au And Ag Nanoparticle Mixtures,
2023
Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De road, Changhua City, 50007, Taiwan
Selective Detection Of Tricyclazole By Optical Technique Using Thiomalic Acid–Modified Au And Ag Nanoparticle Mixtures, Yu-Shu Pan, Tsunghsueh Wu, Cho-Chun Hu, Tai-Chia Chiu, Chen-Hao Yeh, Yang-Wei Lin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study proposes the use of thiomalic acid–modified Au and Ag nanoparticle mixtures (TMA-Au/AgNP mixes) for the selective detection of tricyclazole. Upon the addition of tricyclazole, the color of TMA-Au/AgNP mixes solution changes from orange-red to lavender (red-shift). According to the density-functional theory calculations, tricyclazole-induced aggregation of TMA-Au/AgNP mixes through electron donor–acceptor interactions was proved. The sensitivity and selectivity of the proposed method are affected by the amount of TMA, volume ratio of TMA-AuNPs to TMA-AgNPs, pH value, and buffer concentration. The ratio of absorbance (A654/A520) of TMA-Au/AgNP mixes solution is proportional to the concentration of …
Development Of A Lateral Flow Immunoassays-Based Method For The Screening Of Ractopamine In Foods And Evaluation Of The Optimal Strategy In Combination Of Screening And Confirmatory Tests,
2023
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
Development Of A Lateral Flow Immunoassays-Based Method For The Screening Of Ractopamine In Foods And Evaluation Of The Optimal Strategy In Combination Of Screening And Confirmatory Tests, Yuan-Chih Chen, Jen-Yi Hsu, Chien-Sheng Chen, Yi-Ting Chen, Pao-Chi Liao
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ractopamine has been authorized as a feed additive and permitted in animal husbandry. With the establishment of the regulation to limit the concentration of ractopamine, a rapid screening method for ractopamine is urgently needed. Additionally, how to combine the screening and confirmatory tests of ractopamine is also critical to maximizing the efficiency of testing. Here, we developed a lateral flow immunoassays-based method for the screening of ractopamine in foods and proposed a cost-benefit analysis approach to optimize cost allocation between screening and confirmatory tests. After verifying the analytical and clinical performance of the screening method, a mathematical model was established …
Sleep-Promoting Activity Of Amylase-Treated Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera L. Dunal) Root Extract Via Gaba Receptors,
2023
BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
Sleep-Promoting Activity Of Amylase-Treated Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera L. Dunal) Root Extract Via Gaba Receptors, Chun Woong Park, Ki-Bae Hong, Hyung Joo Suh, Yejin Ahn
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal), an Indian medicinal plant that has been used for centuries to treat insomnia, exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as improving cognitive function, immunity and anxiety. In this study, the effect of enzyme-treated Ashwagandha root extract (EA) and on sleep was evaluated using rodent models. Starch contained in the Ashwagandha root extract was removed by amylase treatment to prepare EA. To evaluate the sleep-promoting activity of EA, a pentobarbital-induced sleep test and electroencephalogram analysis were performed. In addition, the sleep-promoting mechanism of EA was elucidated by analyzing the expression of sleep-related receptors. In …
The Inhibitory Effect Of Quercetin-3-Glucuronide On Pulmonary Injury In Vitro And In Vivo,
2023
Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
The Inhibitory Effect Of Quercetin-3-Glucuronide On Pulmonary Injury In Vitro And In Vivo, Pei-Rong Yua, Jen-Ying Hsu, Chiao-Yun Tseng, Jing-Hsien Chen, Hui-Hsuan Lin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pulmonary injury is defined as a progressive inflammation. Extensive pro-inflammatory cytokines are secreted from alveolus, associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. The model of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated lung cells has been applied to mimic the pulmonary injury. Some antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds can be used as chemopreventive agents of pulmonary injury. Quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3G) has been showed to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-aging and anti-hypertension effects. The aim of the study is to examine the inhibitory potential of Q3G on pulmonary injury and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, human lung fibroblasts MRC-5 cells pre-treated …
