Quick-Fat Diet Inhibits The Development Of Diabetes In Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (Sdt) Rats,
2018
Chulalongkorn University
Quick-Fat Diet Inhibits The Development Of Diabetes In Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (Sdt) Rats, Takeshi Ohta, Takahisa Yamada, Taiichiro Kamiya, Takayuki Gotoh, Masataka Tsubaki, Masami Shinohara
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
The diabetic animal model is very useful for developing functional foods and medicinal drugs. Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat, a non-obese type 2 diabetic model, is one of the hopeful models to play an important role for research and development o.
Hepatoprotective Activity Of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb. Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage In Rats And Correlation With Their Chemical Compounds,
2018
Chulalongkorn University
Hepatoprotective Activity Of Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb. Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage In Rats And Correlation With Their Chemical Compounds, Suwijiyo Pramono, Fitriana Hayyu Arifah, Fitrawan Hernuza Pribadi, Agung Endro Nugroho
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Paracetamol is a widely used drug, but at high dose, it can produce undesirable side effects such as hepatotoxicity. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. is the one of Indonesian medicinal plants that traditionally used to treat liver disorders. The present study .
Insulin Modulates The Strong Reinforcing Effects Of Nicotine And Changes In Insulin Biomarkers In A Rodent Model Of Diabetes,
2018
University of Texas at El Paso
Insulin Modulates The Strong Reinforcing Effects Of Nicotine And Changes In Insulin Biomarkers In A Rodent Model Of Diabetes, Bryan Cruz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study examined whether the strong reinforcing effects of nicotine and changes in insulin biomarkers observed in diabetic rats are modulated via insulin. A model of diabetes was employed involving administration of streptozotocin (STZ), which produces hypoinsulinemia in rats. The present study included vehicle- or STZ-treated rats that received sham surgery or an insulin pellet. Two-weeks later, the rats were given extended access to intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of saline or nicotine. Concomitant changes in food intake, water responses, and body weight were assessed during 12 days of IVSA. After the last session, plasma levels of insulin, leptin, amylin, and glucagon-like …
Potential Candidates For Treating Deficits Associated With Developmental Ethanol Exposure In A Rodent Model: Solidago Nemoralis & Dimethoxybenzylidene-Anabasine,
2018
University of Kentucky
Potential Candidates For Treating Deficits Associated With Developmental Ethanol Exposure In A Rodent Model: Solidago Nemoralis & Dimethoxybenzylidene-Anabasine, Logan James Fields
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Prenatal alcohol exposure (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [FAS] and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders [FASD’s]) represents the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities in the western world, with FASDs estimated to affect approximately 2-5% of live births in the United States at an approximate annual cost of $3.6 billion (CDC, 2015; May et al., 2009). Ethanol (ETOH) exposure during development can lead to a variety of long-term behavioral impairments including problems with executive functioning, motor coordination, spatial learning, attention, and hyperactivity (Jones, 2011; Mattson & Riley, 1998). Much research has been conducted to develop pharmacological and/or environmental interventions to reduce these deficits, …
Role Of C121a In Mglur2 Homodimeric Expression And Function,
2018
Virginia Commonwealth University
Role Of C121a In Mglur2 Homodimeric Expression And Function, Jong M. Shin
Theses and Dissertations
The group II metabotropic glutamate receptors are known for their involvement in various psychiatric disorders. The mGluR2 in particular is linked with etiology of schizophrenia especially in the context of crosstalk with 5-HT2A. Thus, the mGluR2 has attracted attentions for its potential therapeutic applications. Despite numerous physiological evidences on the actions of mGluR2, its mechanism is still unclear to this day. It is partially due to the lack of understanding in characteristics of mGluR2 homodimer which is its functionally active form. Therefore, the characterization of dimeric interaction serves as a foundation to advanced understanding of the role of mGluR2. On …
Decoding The Signaling Of The D2r-2ar Heteromer: Relevance To Schizophrenia,
2018
Virginia Commonwealth University
Decoding The Signaling Of The D2r-2ar Heteromer: Relevance To Schizophrenia, Miao Huang
Theses and Dissertations
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting ~1% of world population. Two G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Gi-coupled dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), and Gq-coupled serotonin 2A receptor (2AR), are targeted by the typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs to treat schizophrenia. These two receptors have been shown to co-localize in brain regions relevant to schizophrenia, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA), striatum, and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Studies in our lab characterized the integrated signaling of the D2R-2AR heteromer and found that both the Gi activity of D2R and the Gq activity of 2AR were potentiated …
Targeting Monoacylglycerol Lipase For The Reversal And Prevention Of Paclitaxel-Induced Allodynia In Mice,
2018
Virginia Commonwealth University
Targeting Monoacylglycerol Lipase For The Reversal And Prevention Of Paclitaxel-Induced Allodynia In Mice, Zachary Curry
Theses and Dissertations
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a side-effect of chemotherapy causing pain in the hands and feet. In particular, paclitaxel causes CIPN lasting for years without effective treatment. There is a strong need for analgesics to both treat and prevent CIPN. One system containing multiple targets to treat CIPN is the endogenous cannabinoid system. This system consists of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptors primarily expressed on presynaptic neurons and cells of the immune system, respectively. Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which hydrolyzes the endogenous cannabinoid 2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), with JZL184 or MJN110 produces …
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Activation: Computational Predictions And Experimental Validation,
2018
Virginia Commonwealth University
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Activation: Computational Predictions And Experimental Validation, Amr Ellaithy
Theses and Dissertations
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of signaling proteins in animals and represent the largest family of druggable targets in the human genome. Therefore, it is of no surprise that the molecular mechanisms of GPCR activation and signal transduction have attracted close attention for the past few decades. Several stabilizing interactions within the GPCR transmembrane (TM) domain helices regulate receptor activation. An example is a salt bridge between 2 highly conserved amino acids at the bottom of TM3 and TM6 that has been characterized for a large number of GPCRs. Through structural modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, …
Complexities Of Chronic Opioid Exposure,
2018
Virginia Commonwealth University
Complexities Of Chronic Opioid Exposure, Maciej Gonek
Theses and Dissertations
Studies on repeated exposure to opioids have been carried out for decades yet the mechanisms for certain phenomena such as tolerance are still not fully understood. Furthermore, different medications, such as frequently prescribed benzodiazepines, or different disease states, such as HIV, have their own effects and interactions with chronic opioid exposure that are not fully understood. The overall objective of this dissertation was to investigate the complexities of chronic opioid exposure and how different disease states and medications may modulate the effects of chronic opioids. Our findings demonstrate that the administration of diazepam, at doses that are not antinociceptive or …
Delay Discounting And Cannabinoid Enzyme Inhibitors,
2018
West Virginia University
Delay Discounting And Cannabinoid Enzyme Inhibitors, Devin Andrew Galdieri
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Delay discounting is a measure of impulsive choice that is correlated with maladaptive behavior and psychological disorders. Disruptions to serotonin and dopamine pathways can cause changes in delay discounting, as can lesions to the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. The endocannabinoid system modulates other neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine and serotonin pathways. Cannabinoid receptors type 1 are found in relatively high concentrations in the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex. These receptors are activated by endogenous cannabinoids, which are synthesized on demand and broken down by catabolic enzymes. The action of these enzymes can be inhibited by a class of drugs …
Individual Understanding Of The Risks Associated With Polypharmacy,
2018
Walden University
Individual Understanding Of The Risks Associated With Polypharmacy, Michelle Patricia Mchenry
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
With many individuals experiencing multimorbidity, individuals are being prescribed more medications. Although there are benefits to taking medications to manage symptoms and treat disease processes, there are also risks to taking multiple medications. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore participants' understanding of the risks associated with practicing polypharmacy. Game theory, credibility theory, and belief bias were the conceptual frameworks used to explain how individuals experienced their care and being prescribed 5 or more medications. Eight participants residing in subsidized housing in a small Midwest city, who were taking 5 or more medications volunteered to take part in …
In Silico Study Of Newly Synthesized Opioid Analgesics Bound To Three Opioid Receptors,
2017
CUNY New York City College of Technology
In Silico Study Of Newly Synthesized Opioid Analgesics Bound To Three Opioid Receptors, Abdullah Allaoa, Mai Zahran
Publications and Research
Opioids are the most widely used drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe, chronic pain. They achieve antinociception by activation of mu (MOR-1), kappa (KOR-1), and delta (DOR-1) opioid receptors. Natural products found in kratom plant, Mitragyna speciosa, represent diverse chemical groups with opioid activity, providing opportunities to better understand opioid pharmacology. Pharmacology studies show that Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl is a mu agonist/delta antagonist opioid with a signaling bias for G-protein-mediated signaling pathways in vitro and which produced potent antinociception in vivo. Respiratory depression assays along with other behavioral testing also showed that some of the major problems …
Type 1 Diabetes Alters Lipid Handling And Metabolism In Human Fibroblasts And Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,
2017
Boston University
Type 1 Diabetes Alters Lipid Handling And Metabolism In Human Fibroblasts And Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Albert R. Jones Iv, Emily L. Coleman, Nicholas R. Husni, Jude T. Deeney, Forum Raval, Devin Steenkamp, Hans Dooms, Barbara S. Nikolajczyk, Barbara E. Corkey
Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications
Triggers of the autoimmune response that leads to type 1 diabetes (T1D) remain poorly understood. A possibility is that parallel changes in both T cells and target cells provoke autoimmune attack. We previously documented greater Ca2+ transients in fibroblasts from T1D subjects than non-T1D after exposure to fatty acids (FA) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). These data indicate that metabolic and signal transduction defects present in T1D can be elicited ex vivo in isolated cells. Changes that precede T1D, including inflammation, may activate atypical responses in people that are genetically predisposed to T1D. To identify such cellular differences …
Translating Genetic And Preclinical Findings Into Autism Therapies,
2017
George Washington University
Translating Genetic And Preclinical Findings Into Autism Therapies, Maria Chahrour, Robin Kleiman, M Chiara Manzini
Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive/restrictive interests. ASD is associated with multiple comorbidities, including intellectual disability, anxiety, and epilepsy. Evidence that ASD is highly heritable has spurred major efforts to unravel its genetics, revealing possible contributions from hundreds of genes through rare and common variation and through copy-number changes. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the current state of ASD genetics and of how genetic research has spurred the development of in vivo and in vitro models using animals and patient cells to evaluate the impact of genetic mutations …
Age-Related Host Factors Regulate Lung Cancer Progression.,
2017
University of Louisville
Age-Related Host Factors Regulate Lung Cancer Progression., John Caleb Greenwell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cancer is largely a disease of the elderly. In the United States alone, 87% of all cancers in 2017 will be diagnosed in individuals aged 50 years or older. Among them, lung cancer is the deadliest, accounting for 1 in 4 cancer deaths. The 5-year survival rate is below 20%, a number which has not changed substantially over the past several decades. This underscores a desperate need for new strategies in prevention, early detection and treatment of this deadly disease. While tobacco use is unquestionably the number one risk factor for the development of lung cancer, the majority of diagnoses …
Sustained Sensitizing Effects Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha On Sensory Nerves In Lung And Airways,
2017
University of Kentucky
Sustained Sensitizing Effects Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha On Sensory Nerves In Lung And Airways, Ruei-Lung Lin, Qihai Gu, Mehdi Khosravi, Lu-Yuan Lee
Physiology Faculty Publications
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammatory diseases. Inhalation of aerosolized TNFα induced airway hyperresponsiveness accompanied by airway inflammation in healthy human subjects, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We recently reported a series of studies aimed to investigate if TNFα elevates the sensitivity of vagal bronchopulmonary sensory nerves in a mouse model; these studies are summarized in this mini-review. Our results showed that intratracheal instillation of TNFα induced pronounced airway inflammation 24 hours later, as illustrated by infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils and the release of inflammatory mediators and …
Identifying New Treatment Options And Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes: The Potential Role Of Thymoquinone And Persistent Organic Pollutants,
2017
University of South Florida
Identifying New Treatment Options And Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes: The Potential Role Of Thymoquinone And Persistent Organic Pollutants, Shpetim Karandrea
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which develops as a consequence of peripheral insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. A high calorie diet coupled with physical inactivity are known risk factors for the development of T2DM; however, these alone fail to account for the rapid rise of the disease. Recent attention has turned to the role of environmental pollutants in the development of metabolic diseases. PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) are environmental pollutants that have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, the precise mechanisms are not …
Internal Mammary Artery Flow In Different Racial Groups Of Pakistan,
2017
Dow University of Health Sciences
Internal Mammary Artery Flow In Different Racial Groups Of Pakistan, Mudassir Iqbal Dar, Asim Hassan Dar, Mansoor Ahmed, Abdul Haseeb, Muhammad Bilal
Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences
Objective: To find out any differences in free flow of internal mammary artery among different ethnic groups.
Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January 2013 to December 2015, and comprised patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The participants were divided into 5 groups, i.e. Sindhi, Muslim migrants from India, Punjabi, Pathan and Balochi patients. Free flow of internal mammary artery was measured immediately after harvesting within a syringe, and its flow was measured in 30 seconds. SPSS 18 was used for data analysis.
Results: Of the 158 patients, 44(27.8%) …
Phytochemical Screening And Determination Of Antibacterial, Anti-Tumorigenic And Dna Protection Ability Of Root Extracts Of Saussurea Lappa,
2017
Institute of Natural and Management Sciences (INAM), Rawalpindi
Phytochemical Screening And Determination Of Antibacterial, Anti-Tumorigenic And Dna Protection Ability Of Root Extracts Of Saussurea Lappa, Sughra Arif Minhas, Fida Muhammad Khan, Fakhar-I- Abbas, Abu Ul Hassan Faiz
Journal of Bioresource Management
Saussurea lappa is a traditionally well-known plant for its medicinal uses in different indigenous systems of medicine. It is widely used in the treatment of asthma, ulcer, stomach problems and inflammatory diseases. In current study the phytochemical screening of S. lappa showed the presence of sesquiterpenes, anthraquinones, lignans, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids. Antimicrobial potential of subject plant was also investigated against three bacterial strains and maximum antibacterial activity was observed by CEE against S. aureus, CAE against P. aeruginosa, while CME, CEE, EAE and PEE showed almost same significant activity against E. coli. The CME (1000 …
Intrathecal Administration Of Ayx2 Dna Decoy Produces A Long-Term Pain Treatment In Rat Models Of Chronic Pain By Inhibiting The Klf6, Klf9, And Klf15 Transcription Factors, Julien Mamet, Michael Klukinov, Scott Harris, Donald C. Manning, Simon Xie, Conrado Pascual, Bradley K. Taylor, Renee R. Donahue, David C. Yeomans
Physiology Faculty Publications
Background: Nociception is maintained by genome-wide regulation of transcription in the dorsal root ganglia—spinal cord network. Hence, transcription factors constitute a promising class of targets for breakthrough pharmacological interventions to treat chronic pain. DNA decoys are oligonucleotides and specific inhibitors of transcription factor activities. A methodological series of in vivo–in vitro screening cycles was performed with decoy/transcription factor couples to identify targets capable of producing a robust and long-lasting inhibition of established chronic pain. Decoys were injected intrathecally and their efficacy was tested in the spared nerve injury and chronic constriction injury models of chronic pain in rats using repetitive …
