Effect Of Paxlovid On Neurodevelopmental Disorder Diagnosis Outcomes In Offspring Of Mothers Infected With Sars-Cov-2 During Pregnancy,
2025
Claremont Colleges
Effect Of Paxlovid On Neurodevelopmental Disorder Diagnosis Outcomes In Offspring Of Mothers Infected With Sars-Cov-2 During Pregnancy, Simone Rogers
CMC Senior Theses
The onset of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic brought concern over the effects that this virus would have on pregnancy and fetal outcomes, specifically neurodevelopmental outcomes. Maternal immune activation (MIA), caused by infection during pregnancy, is known to result in neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) diagnosis in offspring, typically autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This effect has already been observed in mothers who were infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy. However, in 2023, Paxlovid, the COVID-19 antiviral drug, became available to patients experiencing symptoms of the virus, including pregnant women. Consequently, this study seeks to determine whether the risk of …
Phytochemical And Nutritional Composition Of Vernonia Amygdalina: Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Efficacy, And Hematological Benefits,
2025
Federal University of Technology, Niger State Nigeria
Phytochemical And Nutritional Composition Of Vernonia Amygdalina: Antioxidant, Antidiabetic Efficacy, And Hematological Benefits, Hassan A. Adewuyi, Messiah Atapia, Emmanuel Ochonung, Sakariyau A. Waheed, Adebimpe H. Oluwatoyin, Chizoba V. Obunadike, Adeleye A. Edema, Samad Hussein, Usman A. Mohammed, Kevin L. Sebastine, Tolulope O. Jaiyeola
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Vernonia amygdalina, a traditionally used medicinal plant, has been purported to possess health-promoting properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical and nutritional composition of V. amygdalina, evaluate its antioxidant and antidiabetic efficacy, and assess its hematological benefits. Phytochemical screening, proximate analysis, antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS), antidiabetic evaluations in treptozotocin induced diabetic rats, and hematological assessments were conducted according to standard protocol. V. amygdalina exhibited a rich phytochemical profile, comprising flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, alongside significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 12.5 μg/mL) and complete source of protein. Proximate analysis revealed high protein (21.1%) and …
Investigating The Role Of Dynamic Signaling Of Nrg3-Erbb4 In The Prefrontal Cortex In Mediating Nicotine Withdrawal Phenotypes,
2025
University of Kentucky
Investigating The Role Of Dynamic Signaling Of Nrg3-Erbb4 In The Prefrontal Cortex In Mediating Nicotine Withdrawal Phenotypes, Emily Prantzalos
Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy
While several pharmacotherapies are currently available for nicotine use disorder (NUD), smoking cessation success rates remain below 10% each year. The molecular mechanisms underlying failed quit attempts continue to represent a critical gap in our knowledge. However, recent advances in understanding the genetic contributions to nicotine dependence offer a promising avenue for developing more effective cessation therapies. Prior research has identified genetic variation in Neuregulin 3 (Nrg3) and its cognate receptor ErbB4 as potential contributors to affective nicotine withdrawal (WD) phenotypes and cessation outcomes. Therefore, this dissertation aims to systematically investigate the region-specific, functional role of the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway …
Impact Of Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Daphnia Magna Heart Rate,
2025
The University of Akron
Impact Of Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) On Daphnia Magna Heart Rate, Ashley Cosgrave
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Marijuana (Cannabis) is currently federally illegal within the United States and classified as a Schedule I drug. This leaves a large research gap on the impacts of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. Daphnia magna are frequently used as a model organism for the human heart and toxicology screenings due to their myogenic heart, similarities in physiological pathways, and sensitivity to toxins. As such, in order to bridge the research gap and uncover potential use of Daphnia magna as a model organism for humans in regard to impact on heart rate, we hypothesized that if Daphnia magna possess CB1 receptors or an equivalent …
Tick Responses To Diverse Chemical Attractants To Enhance Tick Surveillance Methods' Efficacy,
2025
Old Dominion University
Tick Responses To Diverse Chemical Attractants To Enhance Tick Surveillance Methods' Efficacy, Pamela Kelman, Tyler Chavers, Emily Owens Pickle, Daniel Sonenshine, Melissa S. Nolan, Holly Gaff
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Amblyomma maculatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae), Ixodes scapularis Say, and Dermacentor variabilis Say are three hard-bodied ticks responsible for vectoring pathogens that cause most human tick-borne diseases in the United States of America (USA). Tick surveillance is critical to elucidate high-risk areas for targeted vector control and public health interventions. Despite tick-borne diseases having a higher annual incidence compared to mosquito-borne diseases in the USA, tick traps used for surveillance are grossly under-developed compared to the suite of sophisticated mosquito traps available on the commercial market. This study sought to identify potential prospective tick trap improvements by evaluating the relative attraction …
Mdma Enantiomers: An Exploration Into 5-Ht2ar Necessity In Non-Hallucinogen Induced Frontal Cortex Plasticity,
2025
Virginia Commonwealth University
Mdma Enantiomers: An Exploration Into 5-Ht2ar Necessity In Non-Hallucinogen Induced Frontal Cortex Plasticity, Maya C. Gaines-Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has gained increasing attention as a potential psychotherapeutic, particularly for psychiatric disorders that have proven to be resistant to traditional treatments. Despite its growing popularity, the complete neurobiological mechanism of MDMA enantiomers, as well as the role of sex in these mechanisms, remains to be fully elucidated. Current ongoing research implicates agonism of the serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and neuroplastic growth in the success of other psychoactive and hallucinogenic pharmacotherapeutics, highlighting the importance of understanding the role that the 5-HT2AR plays in the therapeutic mechanism of action of MDMA enantiomers. The culmination …
Scopolamine-Induced Modulation Of Serotonin And Dopamine Transporters Activity: Behavioral And Molecular Insights Into Rapid Antidepressant Action,
2025
Virginia Commonwealth University
Scopolamine-Induced Modulation Of Serotonin And Dopamine Transporters Activity: Behavioral And Molecular Insights Into Rapid Antidepressant Action, Deepak Karunakaran
Theses and Dissertations
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects over 350 million individuals worldwide and is characterized by profound dysregulation of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) systems that govern mood, reward processing, and motivation. The serotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT), both dynamically regulated through phosphorylation, serve as critical determinants of synaptic monoamine signaling. Despite decades of therapeutic development, current antidepressants require 4-6 weeks to achieve efficacy, and approximately one-third to half of patients develop treatment-resistant depression. The emergence of rapid-acting antidepressants like ketamine represents a paradigmatic shift, demonstrating symptom relief within hours; however, ketamine's therapeutic potential remains constrained by abuse liability, dissociative …
Identification Of Fentanyl And Fentanyl Analogs Found In Human Urine Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,
2025
University at Albany, State University of New York
Identification Of Fentanyl And Fentanyl Analogs Found In Human Urine Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Adam M. Fisher
Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)
Identification of fentanyl and its analogs in unknown samples is a frequent practice completed in forensic crime labs, as the fentanyl epidemic continues. With the continued increase in illicit drug use, crime labs are not able to keep up with the flooding of new fentanyl analogs being developed, resulting in new analogs slipping past the crime labs’ authority. This research is to start to develop a database of commonly found fentanyl analogs in New York State. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely used method for the detection and identification of illicit drugs in forensic crime labs. A database that …
Unleashing Serine Palmitoyltransferase In Test Tubes And Mice,
2025
Virginia Commonwealth University
Unleashing Serine Palmitoyltransferase In Test Tubes And Mice, Matthew W. Peart
Theses and Dissertations
Canonically known both for structural contributions to lipid bilayers and roles in cell signaling, the sphingolipids comprise a dynamic, multifaceted class of molecules which are studied to understand homeostatic cell biology as well as pathophysiology. Sphingolipids contribute to tissue-specific structures such as myelin, a multilayer membrane that allows for rapid conduction of action potentials along neuronal axons. All sphingolipids are downstream products of the rate-limiting and initiating enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid synthesis pathway, Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Demonstrative of its status as the enzyme that catalyzes a crucial step in a biochemical pathway, SPT activity is strictly regulated. This …
Weighted Family History Density Of Substance Use: Influence On Participant Substance Use Onset, Escalation, And Duration,
2025
University of Kentucky
Weighted Family History Density Of Substance Use: Influence On Participant Substance Use Onset, Escalation, And Duration, Carleigh A. Litteral
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Substance use disorders impose a staggering toll on the United States (U.S.), straining healthcare systems, destabilizing communities, and profoundly impacting both individuals and families. Approximately one in six Americans aged 12 and older had a past-year substance use disorder in 2022 (Key Substance Use, 2022), and nearly one-third of adults experience a substance use disorder in their lifetime (Wu, 2010), contributing to an economic burden exceeding $400 billion annually (National Drug Threat Assessment, 2011). Family history of substance use disorders is a key predictor of vulnerability, with individuals who have affected relatives being 2–8 times more …
The Effects Of Plx 3397 On Fentanyl Escalation In Male And Female Sprague-Dawley Rats,
2025
University of Kentucky
The Effects Of Plx 3397 On Fentanyl Escalation In Male And Female Sprague-Dawley Rats, Jakob Shaykin
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Purpose: A hallmark characteristic of opioid use disorder (OUD) is a persons’ ‘loss of control’, which leads to the compulsion to seek and obtain opioids, resulting in increased consumption. This phenomenon is known as ‘escalation of drug intake’. Chronic opioid use causes microglial reactivity and subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines leading to neuroinflammation, weakening one’s executive control over drug taking and ultimately leading to greater use. Previous research in our laboratory has explored heterogeneity of fentanyl intake in extended access (6-hr) sessions and identified distinct endophenotypes of fentanyl intake. Moreover, we have observed a positive correlation between Treml1 expression …
Investigating Whether Txnrd2 Is A Therapeutic Target Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using African American-Derived Models,
2025
Loyola University of Chicago Graduate School
Investigating Whether Txnrd2 Is A Therapeutic Target Against Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using African American-Derived Models, Keacha Chang
Dissertations
Despite similar breast cancer incidence rates, African American (AA) women experience a 40% higher mortality rate compared to Caucasian American (CA) women. This disparity is multifactorial and particularly pronounced in the Chicago area. AA women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), often at a younger age and with more aggressive disease. TNBC is a heterogeneous subtype lacking targeted therapies and is associated with the poorest prognosis among breast cancer types. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies for TNBC, especially those tailored to AA patients. The thioredoxin pathway is essential for …
Biodistribution And Method Validation Of Xylazine In A Mouse Model Using Liquid-Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry,
2025
Virginia Commonwealth University
Biodistribution And Method Validation Of Xylazine In A Mouse Model Using Liquid-Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Julia E. Perschbacher
Master of Science in Forensic Science Directed Research Projects
Xylazine is a nonopioid veterinary sedative and an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist. It emerged in the opioid epidemic as an adulterant of illicit fentanyl. As xylazine becomes more involved in fatal overdoses, it is relevant to elucidate its biodistribution post-exposure due to its exacerbation of adverse events, namely respiratory depression, as xylazine’s contributions to existing adverse effects of synthetic opioids is understudied. A bioanalytical method to quantify xylazine and select metabolites in tissue using LC-QToF was validated and applied to a preclinical mouse model in order to characterize xylazine’s biodistribution in whole blood and six tissues at a dose known …
Ccr5-Ligand Decorated Rilpivirine Lipid-Based Nanoparticles For Sustained Antiretroviral Responses,
2024
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Ccr5-Ligand Decorated Rilpivirine Lipid-Based Nanoparticles For Sustained Antiretroviral Responses, Milankumar Patel
Theses & Dissertations
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the standard remedy to improve the health-related quality of life of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, limited access to the viral reservoir has significantly hindered its effectiveness in fully eradicating HIV. Therefore, to improve HIV therapy, here we propose a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-targeted theranostic lipid Based Nanoparticles (LBNPs) to noninvasively track and specifically deliver the antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to the viral reservoir. A multi-modular radioactive nanoprobe was synthesized and co-encapsulated with rilpivirine (RPV, an ARV) into the LBNP to achieve a theranostic LBNP that can be tracked by positron emission …
Pediatric Flecainide Pharmacogenomics: A Roadmap To Delivering Precision-Based Care To Pediatrics Arrhythmias.,
2024
Children's Mercy Kansas City
Pediatric Flecainide Pharmacogenomics: A Roadmap To Delivering Precision-Based Care To Pediatrics Arrhythmias., Ronald Palmen, Mollie Walton, Jonathan B. Wagner
Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers
Flecainide acetate is a Class 1c anti-arrhythmic with a potent sodium voltage gated channel blockade which is utilized for the second-line treatment of tachyarrhythmias in children and adults. Given its narrow therapeutic index, the individualization of drug therapy is of utmost importance for clinicians. Despite efforts to improve anti-arrhythmic drug therapy, there remain knowledge gaps regarding the impact of variation in the genes relevant to flecainide's disposition and response. This variability is compounded in developing children whose drug disposition and response pathways may remain immature. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to outline flecainide's disposition and response pathways while …
Acknowledgment Of Reviewers_2024,
2024
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Acknowledgment Of Reviewers_2024
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
No abstract provided.
Alanine Supplementation Enhancing Cordycepin Production In Cordyceps Militaris Via Upregulation Of Cns2 And Cns3 Genes Expression Levels,
2024
Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Microbial Medicine Research, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology normal university, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
Alanine Supplementation Enhancing Cordycepin Production In Cordyceps Militaris Via Upregulation Of Cns2 And Cns3 Genes Expression Levels, Wenbin Yu, Zeying Zhao, Bin Zeng, Yayi Tu, Bin He
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cordycepin, a key bioactive compound produced by Cordyceps militaris, faces the challenge of low productivity forcommercial use. In this study, alanine supplementation in Cordyceps militaris boosted cordycepin production, peakingat 3 mg/g with 12 g/L concentration. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1711 differentially expressed genes, Pathwayanalysis indicates that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was the most affected pathway. In addition, thetranscriptome showed that adenylosuccinate lyase is essential for the synthesis of cordycepin. The modulation of fourgenes (Cns1-4) points to a regulatory mechanism that could increase cordycepin biosynthesis, offering a strategy to overcome low productivity for commercial applications.
Cinnamic Acid Lowers Blood Pressure And Reversesvascular Endothelial Dysfunction In Rats,
2024
Cardiovascular Research Group: Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad-22060, KP, Pakistan
Cinnamic Acid Lowers Blood Pressure And Reversesvascular Endothelial Dysfunction In Rats, Abdul Jabbar Shah, Hafiz Misbah-Ud-Din Qamar, Umme Salma, Taous Khan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Cinnamic acid (CA) possesses important cardiovascular effects such as cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant, which predicts its potential role in the treatment of hypertension. The study wasexecuted to investigate the antihypertensive potential of CA in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats followed by evaluation indiverse vascular preparations. Invasive blood pressure monitoring technique was used in normotensive and hyper-tensive rats, under anesthesia. Isolated aortic rings from rat and rabbit, Langendorrf's perfused isolated rabbit heart and guinea-pig right atria were used to probe the underlying mechanisms. The responses were recorded with pressure andforce transducers connected to PowerLab Data Acquisition System. Intravenous administration of CA …
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Pembrolizumab With Chemotherapy For Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Taiwan,
2024
Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital of the CGMF, Taipei, Taiwan
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Pembrolizumab With Chemotherapy For Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In Taiwan, Wei-Ling Lee, Wan-Hsuan Chou, Wei-Pin Chang, Tsung-Wei Chang, Chun-Nan Kuo, Wei-Chiao Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study was aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy (pembrolizumabcombination therapy) and compare it with standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy (chemotherapy alone) as a first-line treatment for metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC from the perspective of Taiwan's third-party-payer public health-care system. We used a partitioned survival model with an estimated time horizon of 10 years. The partitionedsurvival model uses KaplaneMeier estimates of progression-free and overall survival from the KEYNOTE-189 clinicaltrial. The quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) values were based on utility values by progression status calculated from theKEYNOTE-189 trial. This study examined costs related to treatment regimens, disease management, second-line therapy,end-of-life care, and …
Fluorescent “On–Off–On” Sensor Based On N, P Co-Doped Carbon Nanoparticles For Specific Detection Of Fe3+ And Ascorbic Acid,
2024
Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, 212000, PR China
Fluorescent “On–Off–On” Sensor Based On N, P Co-Doped Carbon Nanoparticles For Specific Detection Of Fe3+ And Ascorbic Acid, Li Li, Ming Zhang, Xiang Liu, Shaoqing Zhu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Ascorbic acid (AA) is used as a food additive for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, excessive intake of AA is harmful to humans. Therefore, the detection of Fe3+ and AA is generally recognized to be meaningful. In this work, a one-step hydrothermal tactics is developed for the preparing nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon nanoparticles (N, P-CNPs) by using sucrose and ammonium orthophosphate as raw materials. The N, P-CNPs not only exhibited an enhanced fluorescent efficiency with a relatively high quantum yield up to 28%, but also showed satisfactory stability, water solubility and photostability. The fluorescence of N, P-CNPs …
