Pharmacology Commons^™

Lipophilized Epigallocatechin (Egc) And Its Derivatives: Inhibition Of Oxidation Of Β-Carotene–Linoleate Oil-In-Water Emulsion And Dna Strand Scission, Priyatharini Ambigaipalan, Won Young Oh, Fereidoon Shahidi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tea epigallocatechin (EGC) was acylated with selected fatty acids, namely propionic acid [C3:0], caprylic acid [C8:0], lauric acid [C12:0], stearic acid [C18:0] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3). Antioxidant activity of EGC and its lipophilized derivatives were examined in various food (β-carotene–linoleate oil-in-water emulsion and bulk oil) and biological (supercoiled DNA and LDL) systems in vitro in order to evaluate the effect of increased lipophilicity on their antioxidant capacity. Lipophilized EGC derivatives were more effective in β-carotene–linoleate oil-in-water emulsion and bulk oil than their parent EGC molecule. Meanwhile, EGC and its derivatives showed more than 60 …

Development Of An Lc-Esi-Ms/Ms Method For Determination Of A Novel Pyrrolomycin (Mp-1) And Application To Pre-Clinical Adme Studies, Wafaa N. Aldhafiri

Theses & Dissertations

A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantitation of a novel Pyrrolomycin (MP-1) in mouse plasma. MP-1 was extracted from plasma utilizing a structural analog (PL-3) as the internal standard (IS). Analyte separation was achieved using a Waters Acquity UPLC®BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 100 x 2.1 mm) protected with Acquity UPLC C18 guard column. Mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid in water (10%) and methanol (90%) at a total flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated at unit resolution in the multiple reaction …

Isolation, Structure Elucidation, And Synthesis Of Natural Products From Marine Cyanobacteria, Keren Solomon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis describes the isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis of natural products from marine cyanobacteria. A crude extract from a cyanobacterium collected in Curacao showed selective affinity for the dopamine D₅ receptor in a screen against a panel of CNS receptors. Due to the high similarity of the D₅ and D₁ receptor, to date there are no known ligands that differentiate them. Attempts to purify the compound responsible for this affinity led to the isolation of the known compound caylobolide A. A second extract from a cyanobacterium collected in Panama underwent bioassay-guided fractionation and yielded the novel …

N-Acetyltranserase 2 (Nat2) Genotype Polymorphism In Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes And Chinese Hamster Ovary (Cho) Cells., Mariam Refaat Zaky Habil

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, catalyze the detoxification and/or activation of drugs and aromatic amine carcinogens. Single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs result in different human NAT2 genotypes thus dividing the population into rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylators. We hypothesize allelic variants of NAT2 genotype will decrease levels of N-acetylation, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA adduct formation, and mutagenesis compared to the reference allele NAT2*4. Cryopreserved human hepatocytes expressing different NAT2 genotypes and NER-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with human CYP1A2 and human NAT2*4, NAT2*5B or NAT2*7B have been used to investigate N-acetylation of different xenobiotics. In …

Innovative Approaches In The Discovery Of Aquatic Mycobacteriophages, Janis H. Doss

Biomedical Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, have many applications in medicine, agriculture, molecular biology, and other fields. As antibiotic resistance becomes an increasing problem, interest in phages has grown. The traditional techniques of phage discovery are successful for some phages, but others require modified procedures to achieve detectable host infection.

Mycobacterium is a diverse bacterial genus characterized by a unique cell wall containing mycolic acids, which aids in survival and pathogenesis. The aims of the present research were to isolate mycobacteriophages, use bioinformatics techniques to analyze mycobacterial prophages, and combine genetic analysis with multi-well plate host range studies to identify …

Introduction To Dr. Jerzy Leszczynski, P. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

Codonopsis Javanica Root Extracts Attenuate Hyperinsulinemia And Lipid Peroxidation In Fructose-Fed Insulin Resistant Rats, K.-N. Chen, W.-H. Peng, C.-W. Hou, C.-Y. Chen, H.-H. Chen, C.-H. Kuo, M. Korivi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

From ancient times, Dǎngshēn (Codonopsis javanica) has been used in Chinese traditional medicine. In this study we investigated the anti-hyperinsulinemia and antioxidant properties of C. javanica root extracts in a rat model of insulin resistance (IR), induced by chronic fructose feeding. Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into control, fructose-treated (10%, w/v), and fructose then C. javanica (Fru + Cod)-treated groups. After 8 weeks fructose feeding, increased fasting serum insulin levels (2.6 ± 0.45 μg/L) and insulin area under the curve confirmed the IR (p < 0.001). However, C. javanica treatment to fructose-fed rats significantly attenuated the hyperinsulinemia with correspondingly improved glucose tolerance. Weight gain in Fru + Cod group was comparably (p < 0.01) lower than in the fructose-fed group. Furthermore, IR-induced increased hepatic lipid peroxidation, as demonstrated by elevated malondialdehyde levels, were significantly (p < 0.001) alleviated by C. javanica treatment. These findings reveal that chronic fructose intake may facilitate IR and oxidative damage, which could be eradicated by improved antioxidant status. Accordingly, we found that C. javanica treatment significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the liver. These findings that fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia and associated oxidative stress could be attenuated by C. javanica root extracts. © 2013

Evaluating The Urate-Lowering Effects Of Different Microbial Fermented Extracts In Hyperuricemic Models Accompanied With A Safety Study, R.-J. Chen, M.-H. Chen, Y.-L. Chen, C.-M. Hsiao, H.-M. Chen, S.-J. Chen, M.-D. Wu, Y.-J. Yech, G.-F. Yuan, Y.-J. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Uric acid (UA) is an end product of purine metabolism by the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XOD). Hyperuricemia is characterized by the accumulation of serum UA and is an important risk factor for gout and many chronic disorders. XOD inhibitors or uricase (catalyzes UA to the more soluble end product) can prevent these chronic diseases. However, currently available hypouricemic agents induce severe side effects. Therefore, we developed new microbial fermented extracts (MFEs) with substantial XOD inhibition activity from Lactobacillus (MFE-21) and Acetobacter (MFE-25), and MFE-120 with high uricase activity from Aspergillus. The urate-lowering effects and safety of these MFEs were evaluated. …

Lactobacillus Pentosus Gmnl-77 Inhibits Skin Lesions In Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mice, Y.-H. Chen, C.-S. Wu, Y.-H. Chao, C.-C. Lin, H.-Y. Tsai, Y.-R. Li, Y.-Z. Chen, W.-H. Tsai, Y.-K. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Psoriasis, which is regarded as a T-cell-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by hyperproliferation and poor differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. In this study, we aimed to determine the in vivo effect of a potentially probiotic strain, Lactobacillus pentosus GMNL-77, in imiquimod-induced epidermal hyperplasia and psoriasis-like skin inflammation in BALB/c mice. Oral administration of L. pentosus GMNL-77 significantly decreased erythematous scaling lesions. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that treatment with L. pentosus GMNL-77 significantly decreased the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and the IL-23/IL-17A axis-associated cytokines (IL-23, IL-17A/F, and IL-22) in the skin of …

Long-Term Feeding Of Red Algae (Gelidium Amansii) Ameliorates Glucose And Lipid Metabolism In A High Fructose Diet-Impaired Glucose Tolerance Rat Model, H.-C. Liu, C.-J. Chang, T.-H. Yang, M.-T. Chiang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Gelidium amansii (GA) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats with high fructose (HF) diet (57.1% w/w). Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HF diet to induce glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia. The experiment was divided into three groups: (1) control diet group (Con); (2) HF diet group (HF); and (3) HF with GA diet group (HF + 5% GA). The rats were fed the experimental diets and drinking water ad libitum for 23 weeks. The results showed that GA significantly decreased retroperitoneal fat mass weight of HF diet-fed rats. Supplementation …

Determination Of Urea In Milk Based On N-Bromosuccinimide–Dichlorofluorescein Postchemiluminescence Method, F. Nie, N. Wang, P. Xu, J. Zheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new postchemiluminescence (PCL) reaction was observed when urea was injected into the reaction mixture after the CL reaction of N-bromosuccinimide and dichlorofluorescein. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the studies of the CL kinetic characteristics, CL spectra, fluorescence spectra, and other experiments. A new flow injection CL method for the determination of urea was established based on the PCL reaction. The relative standard deviation for the determination of urea was 1.3% (n = 11, c = 5.0 × 10−8 g/mL). The CL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of urea in the range 2.0 × 10−9–1.0 × …

Regulatory Aspects Of Living Biological Material, S.-C. Jong, J.M. Birmingham

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Any living biological material is, in effect, a biotechnology factory complete with sophisticated process designs and its own source of venture capital. Biotechnology is the application of living material and its process system to obtain useful products or services. It is not limited to the recent developments in recombinant DNA techniques, monoclonal antibodies, and related processes and products, aspects with which it is most often identified, but includes the manufacture of nonrecombinant biological material, such as microorganisms and plants and animals from traditional breeding methods; biologically active compounds; and a variety of foods and drugs. Due to complex economic, social, …

Preparation And Intestinal Absorption Of L-Dopa-D-Phenylglycine, H.-P. Wang, Y.-B. Fan, H.-H. Lu, W.-L. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

L-Dopa-D-phenylglycine was synthesized in this laboratory as L-dopa derivative for improving its intestinal absorption. As designed for transport through the intestine via oligopeptide transporter (PepT1), the competition of this dipeptide with known substrates for PepT1 in brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) was investigated. At the presence of L-Glycinyl-L-proline (L-Gly-L-Pro), L-Glycinyl-L-phenylalanine (L-Gly-L-Phe) or cephradine, the uptake of L-dopa-D-phenylglycine in BBMV was reduced to 54.1 ± 4.5%, 57.6 ± 5.2% or 62.9 ± 10.2%, respectively. The inhibition by these dipeptides and the tripeptide mimetic amino-β-lactam was significantly higher than by amino acids L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe) or L-dopa. The results suggested that the intestinal H …

Effect Of Processing On Sequence Of Cytochrome B Gene And Its Restriction Site In The Meat Of Puffer Takifugu Rubripes, C.-A. Cheng, Y.-W. Hsieh, T. Noguchi, O. Arakawa, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequence analysis were used to determine the amount of genetic variation in a 376-nucleotide region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in fresh, frozen and steam sterilized meats of puffer Takifugu rubripes, a diversity of sequence between fresh, frozen and steam sterilized meats was not found. The puffer specimens collected from either culture ponds in Taiwan or wild seawaters and culture waters in Japan had the same sequence of 376-nucleotide region. Restriction enzyme BstZI was found to cut the amplified region of cytochrome b gene in fresh, frozen and steam sterilized meats of …

Solid-Phase Extraction And High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis Of Prednisone Adulterated In A Foreign Herbal Medicine, Y.-R. Ku, Y.-C. Liu, J.-H. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Prednisone was detected in a herbal medicine from Southeast Asia using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). After treating with solid-phase extraction (SPE), the sample was further assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The sample solution was achieved with a silica gel cartridge conditioned with methanol and chloroform in sequence, and then eluted with dichloromethane-isopropanol (6:A, v/v). Separation was conducted with an Inertsil ODS-80A reversed-phase column using isocratic elution with acetonitrile and water (3:7, v/v) as mobile phase. Fludrocortisone acetate was used as an internal standard and detection wavelength was at 240 nm. Calibration curve of standard prednisone …

Effect Of Microwave And Roast Treatment On The Degradation Of Sulfamethazine Residue In Tilapia Meat, C.-C. Lan, B.-S. Hwang, M.-F. Tu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) was force-fed sulfamethazine (SMA) and residue of this antibiotic remained in the meat. We measured the change of residual SMA after microwave and roast treatment on Tilapia by different levels. The content of SMA in Tilapia increased slowly 6 hrs after feeding, had a sharp climb in 6-12 hrs and decreased gradually in 12-24 hrs. Taking the Tilapia after feeding in 1, 6, 12 and 24 hrs, we measured SMA amount in fish meat is 0.3, 0,45, 1.60 and 1.2 ppm respectively. Microwaving the fish meat after feeding in 6, 12, 24 hrs, we found SMA levels …

Elisa, Western Blotting, Immunocytolocalization And Immunoaffinity Column For Naturally Occuring Bioactive Compounds Using Monoclonal Antibodies, S.-J. Shan, W. Putalun, N. Fukuda, O. Morinaga, H. Tanaka, Y. Shoyama

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Anti-sennoside A (SA) and anti-glycyrrhizin (GC) MAbs were used for screening and cloning. And they were also used for ELISA. New western blotting method of determination for GC and ginsenoside was established that compounds separated by silica gel TLC were transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. The membrane was treated with NaIO4 solution followed by BSA, resulting in a ginsenoside-BSA conjugate on the PVDF membrane which was stained by the general western blotting. Immunocytolocalization of GC in the fresh root of Glycyrrhiza species was conducted using anti-GC MAb after blotting to PVDF membrane. Immunoaffinity column chromatography using anti-ginsenoside Rb1 …

Some Transpacific Thoughts On The Regulatory Need For Standardization Of Herbal Medical Products, L.A. Mitscher, S. Pillai, D.M. Shankel

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The history and present status of herbal products/neutraceuticals in The United States is briefly reviewed. A case is presented for further, more comprehensive, regulatory oversight than is presently the circumstance under the DSHEA act.

Determination Of Unbound Hesperetin In Rat Blood And Brain By Microdialysis Coupled To Microbore Liquid Chromatography, T.-H. Tsai, Y.-F. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A rapid and sensitive microbore high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to microdialysis technique for simultaneous determination of unbound hesperetin in rat blood and brain has been developed. The HPLC assay was carried out using a microbore reversed-phase C-18 column (100 × 1 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size). The mobile phase used was acetonitrile-methanol-20 mM monosodium phosphate (pH 5.3) (40:10:50, v/v/v) for hesperetin at a flow-rate of 0.05 mL/min. The assay was performed by monitoring the wavelength of maximum UV absorbance at 288 nm. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular vein/right atrium and brain striatum of male Sprague-Dawley rats. …

A Gas Chromatographic Method For Determination Of Nicotinamide, Paraben Esters And Caffeine In Commercial Health Drinks, Tonic Drinks And Cold Formulas, H.-J. Lin, M.-L. Wang, C.-W. Chen, B.-S. Hwang, M.-H. Lee, Y.-M. Choong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple and rapid method was developed to simultaneously determine the nicotinamide, paraben as well as caffeine by using megapore immediate-polar column (CP-Sil 24CB, 30 m x 0.53 mm, 1.5 μm) with direct injection gas chromatography. Direct quantitative analysis of nicotinamide, paraben esters and caffeine in health drinks, tonic drinks, and cold formulas was carried out without any sample pretreatment procedure. The water soluble compound 1,9-nonanediol was used as an internal standard. The detection limit for nicotinamide, paraben esters and caffeine was 2 μg/mL. Recovery studies were performed using 1 mL of vitamin B drink, tonic drink and cold solution, …