Pharmacology Commons^™

The Role Of Androstane Neurosteroids In Alcohol-Mediated Social Behavior, Jason J. Paris

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Androgenic steroids, such as testosterone, may influence the propensity for aggression in both people and animals. Some of testosterone's effects on aggression may be due, in part, to its metabolic products that are 5á-reduced and 3á-hydroxylated to form, 3á-androstanediol (3á-diol), which can also enhance aggression in mice. Notably, alcohol (EtOH) consumption facilitates aggression in people and animals, particularly among those predisposed to act aggressively. In rats, EtOH can increase 3á-diol in prefrontal cortex, which may facilitate aggression. The present work aimed to elucidate the role of 3á-diol for EtOH-enhanced aggression. We hypothesized that EtOH would enhance inter-male aggression, social dominance, …

In Vitro And In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Characterization Of The Novel Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor Pf-04886847, Dhaval Sanjeev Kolte

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Plasma kallikrein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and thrombosis. Kallikrein cleaves high molecular weight kininogen (HK) to liberate the potent pro-inflammatory peptide bradykinin (BK). BK upon activation of its constitutive B2 receptors on endothelial cells leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+ level and subsequent production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2), ultimately leading to vasodilation, hypotension, increased vascular permeability and vascular leakage. Further, kallikrein activates the complement system and stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis, aggregation and elastase release. Furthermore, kallikrein mediates the conversion of factor XII (FXII) to activated factor XII (FXIIa) thereby potentiating the intrinsic …

Electro-Gene Transfer To Skin Using A Noninvasive Multielectrode Array, Siqi Guo, Amy Donate, Gaurav Basu, Cathryn Lundberg, Loree Heller, Richard Heller

Bioelectrics Publications

Because of its large surface area and easy access for both delivery and monitoring, the skin is an attractive target for gene therapy for cutaneous diseases, vaccinations and several metabolic disorders. The critical factors for DNA delivery to the skin by electroporation (EP) are effective expression levels and minimal or no tissue damage. Here, we evaluated the non-invasive multielectrode array (MEA) for gene electrotransfer. For these studies we utilized a guinea pig model, which has been shown to have a similar thickness and structure to human skin. Our results demonstrate significantly increased gene expression 2 to 3 logs above injection …

The Effects Of Protein Kinase C Inhibitors On Blood Nitric Oxide And Hydrogen Peroxide Release In Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury, Kyle D. Bartol

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a key component initiating oxidative stress in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by an increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a decrease in the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Previous studies using protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Gö 6983 or PKC Beta (β) II inhibitor improved cardiac function in myocardial I/R, decreased leukocyte-endothelial interactions and leukocyte superoxide (SO) release and increased endothelial-derived NO release in vitro. This study examined the effects of Gö 6983 or PKC β II inhibitor on realtime H2O2 and NO release in femoral vein I/R in vivo. NO or H2O2 microsensors …

Feedback From Malaysian Pharmacists Who Underwent A 3-Year Period Of Compulsory Service With The Government, Ong Aik Liang, Thomas Paraidathathu

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Since 2004, it is mandatory for all new pharmacy graduates in Malaysia to serve the government for a period of 4 years, before they are free to work as registered pharmacists in a sector of their choice, either public or private. With the enactment of th...

Sensitive, Selective And Extraction-Free Spectrophotometric Determination Of Lamotrigine In Pharmaceuticals Using Two Sulphonthalein Dyes, K. B. Vinay, H. O., N. Rajendraprasad, K. Basavaiah

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Two direct, simple, sensitive and rapid extraction-free spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of lamotrigine (LMT) in pure form and in its dosage forms. The methods are based on formation of ion-pair complex between the dru...

Pharmacotherapy Safety And Efficacy In Adolescent Smoking Cessation, Jennifer Lincoln

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not pharmacotherapy is a safe and effective treatment option for smoking cessation in adolescents

Small Gtp-Binding Proteins In Insulin Secretion, Bhavaani Jayaram

Wayne State University Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is marked by a substantial beta-cell failure which is characterized by defective insulin secretion and resistance to insulin. Understanding the molecular events leading to Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion [GSIS] might serve as therapeutic potential towards diabetes. GSIS involves interplay between small G-proteins and their regulatory factors. Herein, I tested the hypothesis that Arf nucleotide binding site opener [ARNO], a guanine nucleotide exchange factor [GEF] for the small G-protein Arf6, mediates the activation of Arf6, and that ARNO/Arf6 signaling axis, in turn, controls the activation of downstream effectors. Salient features of my study are: [i] ARNO/Arf6 is expressed …

Mechanisms Of Regulation Of Islet Function By Nadph Oxidase, Ismail Syed

Wayne State University Dissertations

Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) involves a series of metabolic and cationic events, leading to translocation of insulin-laden secretory granules from a distal site toward the plasma membrane for fusion and release of insulin into circulation. Vesicular transport and fusion events are tightly regulated by signals which coordinate between vesicle- and membrane-associated docking proteins. It is now being accepted that reactive oxygen species [ROS] plays a second messenger role in islet â-cell function. Further, evidence from multiple laboratories suggests a tonic increase in ROS generation is necessary for GSIS and fatty acid-induced insulin secretion. On the other hand, excessive ROS …

Synthesis And Cytotoxicity Study Of Magnetoliposomes Loaded Doxorubicin, Surachai Ngamratanapaiboon, Issara Sramala, Wichet Leelamanit

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The limitation of clinical use of doxorubicin is its side effects especially a cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. To overcome this, doxorubicin can be targeted to accumulate on the site of action and limit dispersion in healthy tissue. Magnetic li...

Overuse Of Antibiotics In Children For Upper Respiratory Infections (Uris): A Dilemma, Malika Taufiq, Rukhsana Wamiq Zuberi

Department for Educational Development

No abstract provided.

Secreted Factors From Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Protect Oligodendrocytes From Ischemic Insult, Derrick Rowe

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Oligodendrocytes (OL)s are the dominant cell type in the white matter and are integral for synaptic transmission essential for proper neuronal communication between brain areas. Previous studies have shown that intravenous administration of the mononuclear fraction of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells in rat models of stroke reduced white matter injury, gray matter injury and behavioral deficits. Yet the mechanisms used by HUCB cells remain unknown in ischemic injury. These studies will investigate both in vitro and in vivo approaches to elucidate this mechanism in OLs. When mature primary OLs were coincubated with HUCB cells, HUCB cells secreted soluble …

Biologically Active Alkaloids From Kopsia., Yap Wai Sum

Student Works (2010-2019)

Two Malaysian plants viz., Kopsia pauciflora and Kopsia grandifolia were investigated for their alkaloidal constituents. A total of 40 alkaloids were isolated and characterized from K. pauciflora, of which 12 are new alkaloids. The new alkaloids isolated include seven aspidofractinine alkaloids (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), and five eburnane alkaloids (8, 9, 10, 11, 12). K. grandifolia yielded a total of eight alkaloids. Of these, three are new. The new alkaloids are grandilodine A (41), grandilodine B (42), and grandilodine C (43). Grandilodine A (41), grandilodine C (43), and lapidilectine B (47) were found to reverse multidrug resistance …

Exhausted Or Unlicensed: Can Field-Of-Use Restrictions In Biotech License Agreements Still Prevent Off-Label Use Promotion After Quanta Computer?, Kristal M. Wicks

The University of New Hampshire Law Review

[Excerpt] “In the biotechnology (biotech) industry, companies must be increasingly aware of their intellectual property and how their licensing strategies can impact their rights. When licensing patented technology, it is common practice for biotech companies to include restricted field-of-use provisions in their license agreements. Such provisions permit a licensee to only use licensed technology in a defined field and restrict use or development in another field. This licensing strategy plays an important role within the biotech industry because it allows companies to more effectively control their intellectual property and to more efficiently research and develop pharmaceutical products.

A problem that …

Anticancer And Antifungal Activity Of Copper(Ii) Complexes Of Quinolin-2(1h)-One-Derived Schiff Bases, Bernadette S. Creaven, Brian Duff, Denise A. Egan, Kevin Kavanagh, Georgina Rosair, Venkat Reddy Thangella, Maureen Walsh

Articles

The condensation of substituted aromatic aldehydes with 7-amino-4-methyl-quinolin-2(1H)-one (1) has lead to the isolation of quinolin-2(1H)-one derived Schiff bases (2–14). The copper(II) complexes (2a–14a) of the ligands were also prepared, and together with their corresponding free ligands were fully characterised by elemental analyses, spectral methods (IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, AAS, UV–Vis), magnetic and conductance measurements. The bidentate ligands coordinated to the copper(II) ion through the deprotonated phenolic oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen of the ligands in almost all cases. X-ray crystal structures of two of the complexes, 5a and 8a, confirmed the bidentate …

Using Photoactive Vitamin Nanoparticles As Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic (Pact) Agents To Treat Chronic Wounds, Rahul A. Khanke

All Capstone Projects

The objective of the proposed study is to develop new materials and methods to manage microbial growth in chronic wounds using phototherapy. Chronic wounds are considered as a worldwide health problem. The most common chronic wounds can be classified into three categories: venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and pressure ulcers. Venous ulcers, which usually occur in the legs, account for about 70% to 90% of chronic wounds and can become infected easily. Venous ulcers are sores that develop after veins in the legs have been damaged. These ulcers can penetrate deeply into the skin. Occasionally, if a venous ulcer persists for …

Morphological Analysis Based On A Fractional Dynamic Model For Hyphal Growth, Jonathan Blackledge, Dan Barry

Conference papers

The development of methods capable of accurately characterising the morphology of filamentous microbes represents a significant challenge to biotechnologists. This is because the productivity of many industrial fermentation processes is heavily dependent on the morphological form adopted by an organism. It is therefore of significant value if a quantitative model and associated metric(s) for morphological forms determined by complex phenotypes can be determined non-invasively, e.g. through image analysis. Specific interest is in the quantification of the branching behaviour of an organism. This is due to the link between branching frequency, biomass and metabolite production. In this paper we present a …

Specific, Reversible Cytostatic Protection Of Normal Cells Against Negative Effects Of Chemotherapy, Benjamin B. Mull

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Chemotherapy is a common and effective method to treat many forms of cancer. However, treatment of cancer with chemotherapy has severe side effects which often limit the doses of therapy administered. Because some cancer chemotherapeutics target proliferating cells and tissues, all dividing cells, whether normal or tumor, are affected. Cell culture studies have demonstrated that UCN-01 is able to reversibly and selectively arrest normal dividing cells; tumor cells lines do not undergo this temporary arrest. Following UCN-01 treatment, normal cells displayed a 50-fold increase in IC50 for camptothecin; tumor cells showed no such increased tolerance.

We have examined the response …

Hypoxia And Fetal Programming Of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Qin Xue

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Human epidemiological studies have shown a clear association of adverse intrauterine environment and an increased risk of ischemic heart disease in later adult life. Of all the stresses to which the fetus is subjected, perhaps the most important and clinically relevant is that of hypoxia. The goal of this project is to test the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia during gestation adversely affects fetal cardiovascular development and impairs cardiac function in offspring. In the first part of project, we tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia adversely regulates contractility of fetal pulmonary arteries and veins in sheep residing at high altitude (3,801 …

Weight Gain Among Adults With Intellectual Disabilities Receiving Atypical Antipsychotics, Sherri Lyn Transier

Doctoral Dissertations

The present study assessed whether the atypical antipsychotic agents olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine are associated with significant weight gain among adults with intellectual disabilities after 6 months of drug treatment. The body weights of 79 participants were retrieved 6 months prior to the initiation of drug treatment, at the start of the atypical antipsychotic agent, and after 6 months of drug therapy. Each individual served as his or her own control by utilizing pretreatment baseline trends in weight change to calculate a dependent measure of adjusted posttreatment weight gain. Doing so allowed for a stringent determination of the liability for …