An Analysis Of Different Treatment Options For Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus,
2022
Touro College and University System
An Analysis Of Different Treatment Options For Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Ariella Shifteh
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is a highly dangerous autoimmune disease. Type 1 diabetes is most commonly seen in children and young adults as pancreatic Beta (B) cell destruction is highest at this age. Patients with Type 1 Diabetes are required to take insulin injections to compensate for their lack of insulin, but many patients still have episodes of hyperglycemia. This paper analyzes and compares the effectiveness of different treatment options. The standard approach is to prescribe insulin injections, but this analysis finds insulin injections in conjunction with oral medications such as Metformin and Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors has a positive …
Cerebral Organoids As Models For Neurological Disorders,
2022
Touro College and University System
Cerebral Organoids As Models For Neurological Disorders, Esther Karman
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Despite the devastating effects of neurological disorders on millions of people each year, for decades, brain research remained stagnant in the face of scientific advancement in other areas. Ethical concerns, debilitating costs, and a lack of suitable models created an unfriendly environment for the study of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and gliomas. Recent developments in the field of stem cells, including Yamanaka’s discovery of the four transcription factors necessary to induce pluripotency, and the subsequent culturing of induced pluripotent stem cell models known as organoids, opened …
Dithiocarbamates Mancozeb And Disulfiram Induce Striated Muscle Myopathy And Neuropathy In Long-Evans Rats,
2022
Saint John's University, Jamaica New York
Dithiocarbamates Mancozeb And Disulfiram Induce Striated Muscle Myopathy And Neuropathy In Long-Evans Rats, Olivia Stephenson
Theses and Dissertations
Mancozeb (MZ), an ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate complexed with the metals manganese and zinc, is a broad-spectrum fungicide used primarily on orchards and vineyards. Disulfiram (DS, Antabuse®), a diethyldithiocarbamate, is an FDA-approved drug used for alcohol aversion therapy. Both dithiocarbamates (DTCs) have shown neurological effects including motor impairment, muscle weakness, and hind-limb paralysis, although the mechanism of toxicity is not understood. The purpose of this study is to determine how these neurotoxic compounds are damaging striated muscle of rats. Adult, male Long-Evans rats were administered either 250mg/kg MZ or 750mg/kg DS via oral gavage 3x/week for four weeks. Animals were euthanized 24 …
Repurposing An Anti-Epileptic Drug For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma,
2022
Saint John's University, Jamaica New York
Repurposing An Anti-Epileptic Drug For The Treatment Of Glioblastoma, Anjali Yadav
Theses and Dissertations
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a grade IV malignant glioma. It is a highly proliferative form of brain tumor with 5-year survival rate ~ 5% indicating a high mortality rate. Current treatment strategies for GBM include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Surgical resection is challenging due to vital function of brain and as GBM often metastasizes in different brain regions. Additionally, development of resistance against the standard of care drug temozolomide (TMZ) is a major challenge in GBM management. GBM is also shielded with the blood brain barrier (BBB) which prevents the entry of several drugs. Therefore, a new drug must overcome …
The Role Of Dichloro(Ethylenediamine) Platinum Ii In Altering Cellular Iron And Copper Transport,
2022
Western Kentucky University
The Role Of Dichloro(Ethylenediamine) Platinum Ii In Altering Cellular Iron And Copper Transport, Megan Hall
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Approximately 50% of all chemotherapy cancer patients receive a platinum chemotherapeutic during their treatment. Although these drugs are widely utilized, little is known about the cellular transport of platinum drugs. It is hypothesized that platinum utilizes transporters for other metals to enter the cell. Structural differences between compounds are predicted to affect the compounds’ ability to exploit different transporters. Also, different cell types express different transporters. Therefore, compound structure is expected to influence transport of platinum compounds differently in different cell types. This study investigated the role of the platinum drug cisplatin and platinum compound Pt(en)Cl2 in altering iron …
What Is The Best Method To Cure Hiv?,
2022
Touro College and University System
What Is The Best Method To Cure Hiv?, Israel Hacker
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted retrovirus impacting millions of people worldwide. Strides have been made to cure and/or prevent various genetic mutations via gene editing. Scientists hope to rid of HIV on a genomic level which will also prevent Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) - a biproduct of HIV. HIV utilizes a mechanism that counteracts the innate, adaptive, and intrinsic immune systems. Because the virus’s replication takes place in the lymphatic organs, the infection traverses the entire bloodstream. Due to the complexity of HIV and AIDS, their constant evolution, and their effect on a genomic level, no cures …
Can Stem Cell Transplantation Restore Insulin Levels In Diabetics?,
2022
Touro College and University System
Can Stem Cell Transplantation Restore Insulin Levels In Diabetics?, Nechama Mendelson
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
A recent public interest in stem cell research has led to new approaches to treat various pathologies, including diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to the inability of the β cells in the pancreas to produce insulin. Therefore, the standard diabetes treatment is introducing insulin to the bloodstream. With the advancement of stem cell therapy, a new approach to treating diabetes mellitus is being researched. Scientists are working to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into mature insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. These cells are then transplanted into in vivo models and observed after a glucose challenge for …
Small G- Protein Regulators Of Islet Beta Cell Function,
2022
Wayne State University
Small G- Protein Regulators Of Islet Beta Cell Function, Suhadinie Sameera Gamage
Wayne State University Dissertations
Defects in insulin secretion from pancreatic islet beta- cells leads to long term complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanism and regulation of glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) as well as factors contributing to pancreatic islet beta-cell demise are yet poorly understood. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a small G- protein is involved in GSIS as well as in culminating dysfunction under metabolic stress. Cycling of Rac1 between its inactive and active form is considered a vital event in glucose stimulated insulin secretion. This conversion is made possible by …
The Arsenic Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Via The Activating Transcription Factor 6 In Human Bronchial Epithelial Beas-2b Cells,
2022
Wayne State University
The Arsenic Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Via The Activating Transcription Factor 6 In Human Bronchial Epithelial Beas-2b Cells, Priya Wadgaonkar
Wayne State University Dissertations
Arsenic is a well-known human carcinogen associated with a number of cancers, including lung cancers. We have previously shown that long-term exposure to an environmentally relevantconcentration of inorganic arsenic (As3+) leads to the malignant transformation of the BEAS-2B cells, and some of the transformed cells show cancer stem-like features (CSCs) with a significant upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. In the present report, we investigate the short-term effect of As3+ on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response—the “unfolded protein response (UPR)” and metabolism in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells. Treatment of the cells with inorganic …
Cellular Activation Following Acute And Chronic Ethanol In Glutamatergic Projection Neurons,
2022
Virginia Commonwealth University
Cellular Activation Following Acute And Chronic Ethanol In Glutamatergic Projection Neurons, Annalise Hassan, Sam Gottlieb, Michael F. Miles Md, Phd
IRBEH/Spit for Science Publications and Presentations
No abstract provided.
Fair Resource Allocation To Reduce Inequalities In Criminal Justice & Healthcare,
2022
Purdue University
Fair Resource Allocation To Reduce Inequalities In Criminal Justice & Healthcare, Alex Liu, Alexia Rodrigues
Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship
Together, we are working to identify discrepancies in the criminal justice system that put substance users at an unfair advantage for possible treatment and success in the future. This is done by modeling regressions involving the arrest-rates, developing charts to show the patterns of past arrests, and tracking the resources available for substance users. By doing this, we provide models to the local sheriff office that forecasts incoming inmates which allows the office to prepare accordingly. On the flip side, we are working to create a prediction model that exemplifies the risk of relapse for substance users. Ultimately, our goal …
Replication Stress Induced By The Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors Guanazole, Triapine, And Gemcitabine In Fission Yeast,
2022
Wright State University
Replication Stress Induced By The Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors Guanazole, Triapine, And Gemcitabine In Fission Yeast, Mashael Yahya A Alyahya
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Replication stress can be produced by various exogenous or endogenous factors that perturb the movement of replication forks. To overcome the stress, the cells provoke the DNA replication checkpoint to mobilize several pathways to protect the forks, maintain genome integrity, and promote cell survival. Defects in the replication checkpoint cause forks collapse, leading to chromosomal DNA damage or cell death. Although the replication checkpoint is crucial for genome integrity in all eukaryotes, the underlying mechanisms remains to be fully understood. To investigate the mechanisms of DRC, hydroxyurea (HU), an established inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), has been widely used in …
Neuroprotective And Nootropic
Evaluation Of Myristica Malabarica On
Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment
In Experimental Animals: Promising
For Controlling The Risk Of Alzheimer’S
Disease,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Neuroprotective And Nootropic Evaluation Of Myristica Malabarica On Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Impairment In Experimental Animals: Promising For Controlling The Risk Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Kolguri Jagadeeshwar, Rajasekhar Reddy Alavala, Subhakar Raju Ravula, Umasankar Kulandaivelu, G.S.N. Koteswara Rao
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
This study intends to explore the neuroprotective and memory-enhancing properties of Myristica malabarica (MM) leaf extracts on diabetic-induced cognitive decline rats. The models of Y maze and Morris water maze were selected for nootropic activity and neuroprotective properties were deliberate by assessing the levels of Ach, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT) and glutathione hormone (GSH) in diabetic rat brains. Significantly improved memory and learning with 100 mg/kg (P < 0.01) and 200 mg/kg (P < 0.001) of EAMM (L) and MAMM (L) in Y maze and Morris water maze models. Significant effect was observed in all the extracts with two doses when compared with diabetic control on day 75. The levels of AChE (P < 0.001), MDA (P < 0.01), and NO (P < 0.05) were decreased significantly and significantly raised (P < 0.01) levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH with MAMM (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared with disease control. Further studies on MM leaf are needed as evidence of cognitive impairment in defense against diabetes has been shown to expose its mode of action.
Fluid Properties Of Solvents And Oils
Used In In Situ Forming Microparticles,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Fluid Properties Of Solvents And Oils Used In In Situ Forming Microparticles, Sai Myo Thu Rein, Torsak Intaraphairot
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
In situ forming microparticle (ISM) has been recently used as the injectable drug delivery system prepared from polymeric non-aqueous phase in oil emulsion. Solvents and oils used in ISM including N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), 2-pyrrolidone (PYR), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycofurol, triacetin, olive oil, camellia oil and isopropyl myristate (IPM) were evaluated for pH, density, viscosity, flow time, surface tension, contact angle, color distribution, injectability, antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicity. The most viscous camellia oil and olive oil showed the highest flow time with lowest color diffusion and lower injectability; thus, they were suitable for performing as external phase of ISM to prolong …
Metabolite Profiling And Activity Study
Of Ethanol Extract Of Chrysophyllum Cainito L. Leaves In Increasing Bone Density In Male Mice,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Metabolite Profiling And Activity Study Of Ethanol Extract Of Chrysophyllum Cainito L. Leaves In Increasing Bone Density In Male Mice, Burhan Ma’Arif, Kurniawan Hidayat Perdana Putra, Miftah Saiful ‘Arifin, Rukiana, Reyhan Amiruddin, Weka Sidha Bhagawan, Arief Suryadinata, Fidia Rizkia Inayatilah, Roihatul Muti’Ah, Agnis Aditama
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Phytoestrogen is a group compound which has an estrogen-like structure or function. One of its roles was in the bone formation. Chrysophyllum cainito L. is a plant that contains phytoestrogen. The purpose of this research is to determine the metabolite profile and activity of1ethanolpextract of C. cainitoxleaves to increase trabecular femur bone density in male mice. The metabolite profiling analysis was done using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and analyzed using Masslynx 4.1 software. Four doses of ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves were prepared for treatment. Which are 2,14,48, and 316 mg/ body weight (BW) mice/day …
Inhibition Of Phospholipase A2 And
Prostaglandin Synthase Activities As
Possible Mechanistic Insight Into The
Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Brenania Brieyi Methanol And Chloroform
Fractions,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Inhibition Of Phospholipase A2 And Prostaglandin Synthase Activities As Possible Mechanistic Insight Into The Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Brenania Brieyi Methanol And Chloroform Fractions, Ifeoma Felicia Chukwuma, Victor Onukwube Apeh, Florence Nkechi Nworah, Chinelo Chinenye Nkwocha, John Emaimo, Lawrence Uchenna Sunday Ezeanyika, Victor Nwadiogo
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objectives: The pharmacological basis of anti-inflammatory agents is geared toward maintaining body homeostasis. This study investigated the scientific underpinning and mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of root bark of Brenania brieyi. Material and Methods: The plant material was extracted with a mixture of methanol and chloroform (2:1) and fractionated with 0.2 volume water. Egg albumin-induced edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models were used to investigate anti-inflammatory activity while the possible mechanisms of actions were evaluated using standard methods. Results: Significant (P < 0.05) reduction in edema and granuloma tissue formation were recorded in fractions treated groups compared with the normal control. There was a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of membrane hemolysis and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity by the fractions compared with the standard drugs, indomethacin, and prednisolone, respectively. Both fractions significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited prostaglandin (PG) synthase and nitric oxide radical activities compared with the control. However, varying doses of both fractions did not inhibit leukocyte migration compared with rats in indomethacin and control groups. The methanol fraction was found to be more potent in most of the tests. Conclusion: These results show that B. brieyi root bark has anti-inflammatory activity, and the potential underlying mechanisms of its action are inhibition of PLA2 and PG involved in inflammatory responses.
Application Of Fluorotag In Quantification Of Metformin In Tablet
Dosage Form And Biological Samples,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Application Of Fluorotag In Quantification Of Metformin In Tablet Dosage Form And Biological Samples, Panikumar Durga Anumolu, Sunitha Gurrala, Sahitya Menkana, Ceema Mathew, Lavanya Srimantula
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background: New specific and sensitive spectrofluorimetric fluorotag method has been developed and validated for the quantification of metformin hydrochloride. Materials and Methods: The derivatization reaction was carried out using 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic sulfonate as (NQS) fluorotag in the presence of strong alkaline medium (potassium hydroxide) to form the highly fluorescent product. The fluorescence was observed at emission wavelength 453 nm after excitation at 359 nm. The different experimental conditions affecting the reaction product formation and stability were carefully studied and optimized as 2% w/v of potassium hydroxide solution, 0.5% w/v NQS reagent. Results: At optimum reaction conditions, good linear relationship was found …
Preferences Of Thai Head Pharmacists For Pharmacy Technician Education: Certification Versus Bachelor’S Degree Program,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Preferences Of Thai Head Pharmacists For Pharmacy Technician Education: Certification Versus Bachelor’S Degree Program, Sukunta Muadthong, Nusaraporn Kessomboon, Tsutomu Kitajima, Kamolnut Muangyim, Surachat Ngorsuraches, Pattapong Kessomboon
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: This study aimed to investigate Thai hospital pharmacists’ preferences for a proposed bachelor’s degree curriculum for pharmacy technicians (PhTs), preparing PhTs to fill an advanced role in pharmacy, compared to the existing high vocational certificate (HVC) curriculum for PhTs. Methods: A labeled discrete choice experiment (DCE) questionnaire was sent by post to head pharmacists of 814 Thai Ministry of Public Health hospitals over a 2-month period. Respondents’ preferences for the proposed bachelor’s degree or the existing HVC of PhT were determined based on their selections among three attributes: Competency in pharmaceutical information services, competency in pharmaceutical inventory management, and …
Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Arsenic Hepatorenal Toxicity And No-Mediated Inflammation Through Suppression Of Oxidative Stress In Rats,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Arsenic Hepatorenal Toxicity And No-Mediated Inflammation Through Suppression Of Oxidative Stress In Rats, Ademola C. Famurewa, Ekenechukwu K. Maduagwuna, Chinyere Aloke, Sharon O. Azubuike-Osu, Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Background: Compelling evidence has implicated oxidative stress as a leading mechanism for arsenic (As)-induced pathologies. We evaluated antioxidant effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against arsenic-induced oxidative stress-mediated hepatorenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, as group, and VCO + As group. VCO was orally administered before and along with arsenic (10 mg/kg body weight, orally) for 21 days. Subsequently, serum liver enzymes, albumin (ALB), creatinine, urea, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide (NO) level were evaluated. The histology of the tissues was analyzed with standard procedures. Results: Arsenic caused marked increases in …
Screening Of Process Variables Using Box–Behnken Design In The Fabrication Of Berberine Hydrochloride-Loaded Transethosomes For Enhanced Transdermal Delivery,
2022
Chulalongkorn University
Screening Of Process Variables Using Box–Behnken Design In The Fabrication Of Berberine Hydrochloride-Loaded Transethosomes For Enhanced Transdermal Delivery, Koushlesh Kumar Mishra, Chanchal Deep Kaur
The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop, optimize, and characterize berberine hydrochloride (BBN-HCl)-loaded transethosomes (TEs) for enhanced transdermal delivery. In this study, screening of formulation and process variables was conducted using Box–Behnken design approach to observe significant and insignificant influence on the TEs. Materials and Methods: The TEs was developed by homogenization technique (hot method). The optimized BBN-HCl-loaded TEs were evaluated for its vesicle size (VS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), loading capacity, and entrapment efficiency. Characterization was done by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy. Further, in vitro drug …
