Nutrition Commons^™

Depletion And Enrichment Of Phytosterols In Soybean Oil Lipid Emulsions Directly Associate With Serum Markers Of Cholestasis In Preterm Parenteral Nutrition-Fed Pigs, Greg Guthrie, Barbara Stoll, Shaji Chacko, Mahmoud Mohammad, Candace Style, Mariatu Verla, Oluyinka Olutoye, Deborah Schady, Charlotte Lauridsen, Nick Tataryn, Douglas Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Clinical reports show a positive correlation between phytosterol concentrations and severity of cholestatic liver disease markers in infants during long-term administration of parenteral lipid emulsions. Establishing a causal link between phytosterols and cholestasis has been complicated by confounding factors of lipid emulsion load, fatty acid composition, and vitamin E in many of these studies. The goal of this study is to determine whether altering the phytosterol concentration within a common soybean oil-based emulsion will alter the onset and severity of cholestasis in parenterally fed preterm piglets.

Methods: Preterm piglets were administered, for 21 days, either enteral nutrition (ENT) or …

How Do Low-Income Single-Mothers Get By When Unemployment Strikes: Patterns Of Multiple Program Participation After Transition From Employment To Unemployment, Chi-Fang Wu, Yu-Ling Chang, Soohyun Yoon, Salma Musaad

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Little is known about longitudinal patterns of welfare program participation among single mothers after they transition from employment to unemployment. To better understand how utilization patterns of these welfare programs may change during the 12 months after a job loss, we used the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the patterns of participation in Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and unemployment insurance among 342 single mothers who transitioned from employment to unemployment during the Great Recession. Using sequence analysis and cluster analysis, this paper identified four distinct patterns of program participation: …

New Natural Compound Inhibitors Of Pdgfra (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Α) Based On Computational Study For High-Grade Glioma Therapy, Wenzhuo Yang, Shengnan Wang, Xiangmao Zhang, Hu Sun, Menghan Zhang, Hongyu Chen, Junxiang Cui, Jinyang Li, Fei Peng, Mingqin Zhu, Bingcheng Yu, Yifan Li, Liu Yang, Wanwan Min, Mengru Xue, Lin Pan, Hao Zhu, Bo Wu, Yinghao Gu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: High-grade glioma (HGG) is a malignant brain tumor that is common and aggressive in children and adults. In the current medical paradigm, surgery and radiotherapy are the standard treatments for HGG patients. Despite this, the overall prognosis is still very bleak. Studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) is an essential target to treat tumors and inhibiting the activity of PDGFRA can improve the prognosis of HGG. Thus, PDGFRA inhibitors are critical to developing drugs and cancer treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to screen lead compounds and candidate drugs with potential inhibitors against …

Bibliometric And Visual Analysis Of Research On The Links Between The Gut Microbiota And Pain From 2002 To 2021, Menghan Mao, Yanyu Zhou, Yingfu Jiao, Suqing Yin, Chiwai Cheung, Weifeng Yu, Po Gao, Liqun Yang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background and aims: The gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of pain, which is proved by plenty of evidence. Although a substantial quantity of research on the link between the gut microbiota and pain has emerged, no study has focused on the bibliometric analysis of this topic. We aim to present a bibliometric review of publications over the past 20 years and predict research hot spots.

Methods: Relevant publications between 2002 and 2021 were extracted from the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on April 22, 2022. CiteSpace (version 5.8 R3c), VOSviewer, …

Developing And Predicting Of Early Mortality After Endovascular Thrombectomy In Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke, Yimin Chen, Sijie Zhou, Shuiquan Yang, Mohammad Mofatteh, Yuqian Hu, Hongquan Wei, Yuzheng Lai, Zhiyi Zeng, Yajie Yang, Junlin Yu, Juanmei Chen, Xi Sun, Wenlong Wei, Thanh N Nguyen, José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo, Xuxing Liao

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality across the world. However, there is a paucity of information regarding mortality rates and associated risk factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). In this study, we aimed to clarify these issues and analyzed previous publications related to mortality in patients treated with EVT.

Methods: We analyzed the survival of 245 consecutive patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for AIS for which mortality information was obtained. Early mortality was defined as death occurring during hospitalization after EVT or within 7 days following hospital discharge from the …

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Us-Based Registered Dietitians Regarding Vitamin D As A Key Nutrient In Public Health, Karen S. Basedow

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and behavior influences of Registered Dietitians (RDNs) regarding Vitamin D (VD). An electronic questionnaire served as the data collection tool developed using previously validated questions and supplemented with behavior construct questions. Content and face validity was assessed by an expert panel; internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha. Scores were assessed for knowledge to determine dietitian awareness and competency about VD, attitudes of RDNs regarding importance and practices around VD, and influences on RDN behavior including by other healthcare providers (HCP). Relationships between scales for knowledge, attitude and …

Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects Of Auricularia Polytricha Extracts On Bisphenol A (Bpa)-Induced Microglial Cell Activation And Reduction Of Hippocampal Cell Damage, Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, it has been reported that BPA can activate neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a brain pathology that involves the high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). An excessive TNF-α expression could result in neuronal cell death and subsequently lead to neurodegeneration. Auricularia polytricha (AP) is an edible mushroom with several medicinal properties. Herein, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of AP extracts against BPA-induced BV2 microglial inflammation were investigated. Hexane (APH) and ethanol (APE) extracts of AP inhibited BPA-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 cells by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. …

Take It With A Grain (Or More) Of Salt: Why Industry-Backed Dietary Guidelines Fail Americans And How To Fix Them, Caroline Farrington

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

The U.S. Dietary Guidelines lack oversight and accountability. The result: Guidelines that reflect food industry interests instead of modern science. This deleterious guidance goes on to govern federally-subsidized food assistance programs and to influence dietary choices throughout the private sector and private life. Ultimately, the Guidelines significantly contribute to the endemic chronic disease they seek to address.

The Guidelines Advisory Committee is notoriously rife with conflicts of interest, and thus most Guidelines scholarship has focused on reforming the Committee. But the 2015 and 2020 Guidelines show that these reforms are insufficient and agency-level change is necessary. In 2015, the Committee …

Family Diabetes Camp Amidst Covid-19: A Community Of Practice Model, Eddie Hill, Rowan Williams, Justin Haegele, Ron Ramsing, Bethany Arrington, Laura Hill

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Studies have found that youth are experiencing higher anxiety levels than prior to COVID-19, and youth with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk. Medical specialty camps are a type of camp that provide opportunities for youth with chronic illnesses to share common goals, increase socialization, improve camper well-being, and increase knowledge of diabetes management. The program evaluation sought to determine the impact of a campers’ outcomes of independence and perceived competence and familial impact during COVID-19. Over half the participants were at their first diabetes camp and 71% of the campers felt their perceived competence “increased a little bit” …

Effects Of Azadirachta Indica Extract On Inhibition Of Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Cell Apoptosis Via Preventing Excessive Mitophagy Activation And Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Ht-22 Cells, Kuljira Mongkolpobsin

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are the age-related diseases which represent a major cause of mortality in aging population nowadays. Previous studies have shown that glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter, significantly increases in extracellular fluid of the patient’s brain and is the cause of neurodegeneration in NDs. The increase of extracellular glutamate elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and calcium (Ca2+) which exacerbate mitochondrial function, followed by inducing MAPK pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, respectively. In addition, Ca2+ overload also triggers calpain, a Ca2+ dependent protease, activity which further stimulates Cdk5/p35/p25 signaling leading to neuronal apoptosis. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. …

Aims: Action Against Infirmity And Malnutrition In Seniors, Maeve Lorraine Mary O'Connell

Theses

Aim: The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between nutrition and frailty in Irish older adults. The nutritional status, dietary quality and perceived barriers/motivators to nutrition were also examined, and a frailty intervention protocol was designed. Methods: Cross-sectional study in Irish community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Nutritional status, dietary intake, functional mobility and food choice motivators/healthy eating barriers were assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form (MNA-SF), a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and a custom designed 2-item questionnaire, respectively. Frailty was defined as three or more of …

Western Diet In Adulthood, Timing Of Menarche, And Economic Status Among Northeast Ohioans, Kailey Maroni, Anne Wiley Phd, Nicole M. Burt Phd, Randall J. Mitchell Phd

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

I studied the age at first menstruation as a predictor of Western diet consumption among adults at The University of Akron and in Cleveland. I used stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of human hair, as well as surveyed consumption of foods important to a Western diet (red meat, sugar, and dairy), to understand whether participants aligned with a Western dietary pattern. Age at survey and adult economic status were investigated as potential confounding variables. My data analysis and conclusions for this project has been completed and approved by my advisor and committee. To maintain collaborators' ability to publish a …

Needs Assessment Of Diabetes Self-Management Education And Support Within West Virginia From Provider Viewpoints, Kasey M. Yost

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects millions of Americans. It can have significant, lasting effects on an individual’s mental and physical wellbeing, especially when it goes unmanaged or untreated. Diabetes has been a growing problem in West Virginia (WV), which has the highest adult rate of diabetes at 15.7% in the US. Furthermore, WV has the highest mortality rate associated with diabetes at 36.2%. An effective method of management is through diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES). DSMES is a critical component of care for all individuals with diabetes. It is defined as the ongoing process of facilitating …

Psychosocial Influences On And Behavioral Characteristics Of Young Adult Food Addiction, Rachel A. Wattick

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction. Research on food addiction has increased in recent years, but there are few studies focusing on college-attending young adults, who may be at risk of developing food addiction due to the stress of the college environment. Additionally, causes and characteristics of food addiction are under-explored.

Aim. This dissertation aims to 1) determine the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other early life influences on the development of food addiction in college-attending young adults and 2) determine the psychosocial and behavioral characteristics of young adults with food addiction.

Methods. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was used for aims 1 …

The Process And Case Study Approach To Implementing A Nutrition-Specific Dissemination And Implementation Science Training In Appalachia, Ayron E. Walker

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Nutrition professionals face implementation challenges due to their lack of knowledge to incorporate D&I science into intervention design. To improve intervention outcomes, nutrition professionals must be trained in D&I science, which are currently absent in the field.

Aims: To identify and assess nutrition educators and practitioners perceived motivations, self-efficacy, and attitudes in using D&I science to inform the educational design and strategies of a nutrition-specific D&I curriculum for nutrition educators. Then to test feasibility of the nutrition-specific curriculum in increasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes by a case study approach, pre/post intervention design.

Methods: First, scoping review methodology involved the …

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Featured Faculty Mentor And Student Explore The Dynamics Of This Research Relationship, Matt Bertucci, Gracie Morrison

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Using Poultry To Enhance Food Security In Stann Creek, Belize, Emily Spatz, Lisa S. Wood

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Food insecurity is a growing issue in developing and developed countries alike, and in countries like Belize, the prevalence of hunger has soared in recent years. Not having access to diets with sufficient calories and nutrients leads to a host of developmental issues, including stunting and cognitive delays. The purpose of this work was to create an all-encompassing manual for small-scale poultry production in order to provide nourishment for the students and staff of a school in Belize. After determining that the best way to meet the school’s needs was through dual-purpose birds, background research was conducted to determine small-scale …

The Efficacy Of A Service-Learning Experience In The New Orleans Area In Improving Intercultural Competence Of Nutrition And Dietetics Students, Michel D. Harris

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

There is a large gap between minority representation in the field of dietetics and the United States population, and nutrition students need advanced cultural competence training in preparation for future work with diverse populations. Universal recommendations for delivering and evaluating cultural competence training in nutrition programs are non-existent, and students tend to lack understanding of how to develop this skill. Service-learning in underserved communities with reflective assignments have been used to develop cultural competence skills, but most reported results are anecdotal. This non-randomized mixed methods study sought to find out if a service-learning experience improves intercultural competence of nutrition students …

Practices Of Vitamin D Supplementation Leading To Vitamin D Toxicity: Experience From A Low-Middle Income Country, Siraj Muneer, Imran Siddiqui, Hafsa Majid, Nawazish Zehra, Lena Jafri, Aysha Habib

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: The trend of prescribing VD preparations for nonspecific body aches and self-medication has increased significantly. The importance of vitamin D toxicity (VDT) has been underestimated and under recognized. This study was done to determine the frequency toxicity (>150 ng/ml) in subjects for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and evaluate the vitamin D (VD) supplements used by these subjects.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Section of Chemical Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi from April 2020 to March 2021. Subjects with 25OHD toxicity were contacted and information related to history of calcium and VD supplementation were collected. …