Nutrition Commons^™

Benefits Of Calorie Restriction In Mice Are Mediated Via Energy Imbalance, Not Absolute Energy Or Protein Intake, Daniel L Smith, Sharon E Mitchell, Maria S Johnson, Victoria K Gibbs, Stephanie Dickinson, Beate Henschel, Rui Li, Kathryn A Kaiser, Daniella E Chusyd, Andrew W Brown, David B Allison, John R Speakman, Tim R Nagy

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Caloric restriction (CR) results in reduced energy and protein intake, raising questions about protein restriction's contribution to CR longevity benefits. We kept ad libitum (AL)-fed male C57BL/6J mice at 27°C (AL27) and pair-fed (PF) mice at 22°C (22(PF27)). The 22(PF27) group was fed to match AL27 while restricted for calories due to cold-induced metabolism. The 22(PF27) mice had significantly lower body weight, lean mass, fat mass, leptin, IGF-1, and TNF-α levels than AL27 mice (p< 0.001 for all). Manipulations over ~11 weeks resulted in significant differences in body temperature, physical activity, and expression of key genes linked to hunger in the hypothalamus. Survival was significantly greater in 22(PF27) compared to AL27 overall (p< 0.001). CR in the context of equivalent energy and protein intake resulted in hormonal, metabolic, and physiological benefits and extended longevity. Hence, energy imbalance, rather than low energy or protein intake per se, mediates the benefits of CR.

Metagenomic Study Of The Mesa: Detection Of Gemella Morbillorum And Association With Coronary Heart Disease, Kent D Taylor, Alexis C Wood, Jerome I Rotter, Xiuqing Guo, David M Herrington, W Craig Johnson, Wendy S Post, Russell P Tracy, Stephen S Rich, Shaista Malik

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a feature of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the role of proinflammatory microbial infection in CHD remains understudied.

METHODS AND RESULTS: CHD was defined in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as myocardial infarction (251 participants), resuscitated arrest (2 participants), and CHD death (80 participants). We analyzed sequencing reads from 4421 MESA participants in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program using the PathSeq workflow of the Genome Analysis Tool Kit and a 65-gigabase microbial reference. Paired reads aligning to 840 microbes were detected in >1% of participants. The association of the …

Blend Feeding Broilers To Daily Nutrient Requirements, J.T. Pope

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Broiler producers and nutritionists have used phase feeding as a practical means to define broiler feeding programs. Each feed phase has discreet nutrient definitions intended to be fed for a defined number of days based on a feed mass delivered per broiler. A typical broiler feeding program would consist of three to five feed phases over the production cycle that intend to address the changing nutrient requirements as broilers age. Phase feeding programs are easily defined, practical to manage, and provide a predictable cost structure for broiler producers. Despite the practicality of phase feeding, there are inherent flaws that will …

Current Trends And Experiences From A Contract Research Organization Perspective, Dan Moore

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

The primary goal of this presentation is to provide an update on the trends of research observed at a contract research organization (CRO) in recent years as it relates to species, study design type and products tested, as well as, challenge models used and products that have shown benefits in various study designs. The information in the presentation is based off of studies conducted from 2014-2024 at one CRO, Colorado Quality Research (CQR), and represents the experiences at CQR. Many of the parameters discussed will be from 2014-2019 and 2020-2024 to observe trends from over 5 years ago and more …

Importance Of A Rooster Feed In Broiler Breeder Production, Alex Corzo, Marcelo Silva

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Of all feed phases in poultry production, rooster feeding is arguably the least studied. During the rear phase, there is general agreement that male and female broiler breeders can be provided a common feed program, only differing on feed amounts provided, that results in growth targets reached for each sex. It is during the production phase that there is some disagreement on the best way to support the nutritional needs of the adult rooster. A considerable segment of the world does employ a rooster feed as a way to better support the nutritional needs of working males. Other poultry operations …

Vitamin Update And Sustainability, Edgar Orlando Oviedo-Rondón

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

This presentation addressed the status of research on vitamin nutrition in poultry species and current recommended levels. The economic, environmental, and socio-political aspects of sustainability are addressed. Most of the information presented is described in detail in the book Optimum Vitamin Nutrition for More Sustainable Poultry Farming (Oviedo-Rondon et al., 2023). However, this presentation also used more recent publications and news of the latest events related to scientific recommendations and the worldwide vitamin market. The objective is to provide a brief overview of scientific findings to aid nutritionists in the decision-making process when selecting optimum levels for poultry nutrition. …

Every Day Feeding Of Broiler Breeder Pullets, David Brandt

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

Broiler breeders are characterized by their fast growth and sensitivity to light stimuli. Unlike commercial layers, they have a lower egg production rate and are kept on the floor during rearing and laying periods. Fertile eggs are the primary objective, necessitating careful management of their egg-laying properties, while controlling their body weights. Unrestricted feeding leads to early laying with poor peak and persistency in egg production. Therefore, nutrient intake must be restricted to achieve target body weights at light stimulation (22 weeks). This involves both quantitative and qualitative feed restrictions. Quantitative feed restriction can lead to issues such as poor …

Integration Of Commercial Broiler Data Into A Broiler Growth Model, David Brandt

Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition Conference

This study explores the alignment of theoretical broiler growth models with practical farm conditions, emphasizing the value of integrating commercial data into simulation models. The EFG Broiler Growth Model, developed by Emmens, Fisher and Gous, is highlighted for its mechanistic approach, predicting growth based on feed intake. While empirical models are useful, they are limited by changes in genetics. Both mechanistic and empirical models struggle to predict how broilers will respond to feed under the challenging conditions typically experienced in commercial operations. The study also discusses the development of empirical models to determine broiler responses to balanced protein and energy, …

Effect Of Curcuma Longa On Growth And Lipid Profile Of Broiler Chickens Across Seasons, Sehrish -, Roheela Yasmeen

Journal of Bioresource Management

The poultry sector plays a critical role in driving economic growth and meeting the protein needs of the population. Recently, natural additives like turmeric (Curcuma longa) have attracted attention for their antimicrobial properties and their potential to reduce the reliance on antibiotics in poultry feed. This study evaluated the effects of turmeric supplementation at varying concentrations on broiler chickens during winter and summer seasons. Over a 42-day period, 40 broilers were divided into four groups: Control, Experimental Group 1 (1% turmeric), Experimental Group 2 (1.5% turmeric), and Experimental Group 3 (2% turmeric). Vaccination against Newcastle Disease (ND) and …

Dense And Persistent Odor Representations In The Olfactory Bulb Of Awake Mice, Delaram Pirhayati, Cameron L Smith, Ryan Kroeger, Saket Navlakha, Paul Pfaffinger, Jacob Reimer, Benjamin R Arenkiel, Ankit Patel, Elizabeth H Moss

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Recording and analysis of neural activity are often biased toward detecting sparse subsets of highly active neurons, masking important signals carried in low-magnitude and variable responses. To investigate the contribution of seemingly noisy activity to odor encoding, we used mesoscale calcium imaging from mice of both sexes to record odor responses from the dorsal surface of bilateral olfactory bulbs (OBs). The outer layer of the mouse OB is comprised of dendrites organized into discrete "glomeruli," which are defined by odor receptor-specific sensory neuron input. We extracted activity from a large population of glomeruli and used logistic regression to classify odors …

Food Security - What It Is And Why It Matters, Makell Corry, Palak Gupta

All Current Publications

Insufficient access to safe and nutritious foods can severely impact physical, mental, and social well-being. Without proper nutrition, focus levels, energy, and immune system support can decline, leading to long-term health challenges. This fact sheet addresses the pillars of food security and reviews government programs that help address insufficient food. It also offers recommendations of ways to volunteer to address the problem in your community.

Reducing Food Waste At Home, Makell Corry, Palak Gupta, Jose Brandao

All Current Publications

As food is discarded, resources such as money and water are wasted by producing food that will not be eaten and then transporting it to landfills. There are many solutions for reducing food loss. This fact sheet reviews ways you can build successful habits to address food waste.

A Bayesian Semi-Parametric Scalar-On-Function Regression With Measurement Error Using Instrumental Variables, Roger S Zoh, Yuanyuan Luan, Lan Xue, David B Allison, Carmen D Tekwe

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Wearable devices such as the ActiGraph are now commonly used in research to monitor or track physical activity. This trend corresponds with the growing need to assess the relationships between physical activity and health outcomes, such as obesity, accurately. Device-based physical activity measures are best treated as functions when assessing their associations with scalar-valued outcomes such as body mass index. Scalar-on-function regression (SoFR) is a suitable regression model in this setting. Most estimation approaches in SoFR assume that the measurement error in functional covariates is white noise. Violating this assumption can lead to underestimating model parameters. There are limited approaches …

Determining The Interrelationships For Dietary Intake Of Lipid Oxidation Products From Thermally Abused Oils, The Gut Microbiome, And Gut Health, Abby Benninghoff

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

Effects Of The Western Diet And Psychological Stress On Gut Health, Korry J. Hintze

Funded Research Records

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Examination Of Food Choice Among Division Iii Student Athletes Using Grounded Theory, Paul Webster Craig

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The determinants of food choice among the general population have been extensively investigated, but studies of food choice in collegiate student athletes are limited. Student athletes make food choices daily, and the selection of foods is an integral part of an athlete’s training regimen. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III (DIII) student athletes are a comparatively unstudied population, particularly in terms of their food choices; therefore, assessing and understanding the influences of food choices in this population can enable and support optimal eating behavior. To assess different determinants of food choice in athletes, this qualitative study developed a theoretical …

Honey: A Natural Recipe For The Management Of Pancreatic Cancer, Aun A. Bangash, Muhammad A. Bangash, Georgina Villanueva, Haider Ahsan, Shiza Khan, Rida Shareef, Mudassier Ahmad, Dae J. Kim, Sahir S. Alvi, Bilal B. Hafeez

Research Colloquium

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is the fourth deadliest cancer worldwide and expected to become the second deadliest cancer by 2030. In the USA, the National Cancer Institute put forth a grim prediction stating that there will be 64,050 new cases in 2023 alone and about 50,000 of these patients will die. The first line treatment for pancreatic cancer is Folfrinox, a three-drug regimen consisting of 5-Fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin. The second line treatment is gemcitabine combined with paclitaxel. Only 19% of patients who are prescribed the former regimen survive past 18 months of treatment while just 6% of patients survive …

Investigating Theoretical Constructs Of Social Cognitive Theory As Working Mechanisms Of Web-Based Diet And Physical Activity Interventions Among Cancer Survivors, Harleen Kaur

All ETDs from UAB

Cancer survivors are a high-risk population with poor lifestyle behaviors and a higher prevalence of obesity, necessitating effective lifestyle interventions to promote weight management, consumption of a healthy diet, and increased physical activity. Recently, lifestyle interventions have evolved to web-based platforms that are easily accessible. However, there is a need to understand how web-based lifestyle interventions work, and who they work best for to maximize impact. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to evaluate social cognitive theory (SCT) mechanisms (i.e., self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barriers) through which two web-based lifestyle interventions, DUET and AMPLIFY, mediate changes in diet, …

Opportunities For Extension Educators To Support Caregivers Feeding Infants And Toddlers Through Nutrition Education, Elizabeth I. Kielb, Kameron J. Moding, Susan L. Johnson, Barbara A. Beaulieu, Blake A. Connolly, Stephanie J. Faroh, Laura L. Bellows

Journal of Extension

The 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans now include recommendations for infants and toddlers. Extension educators can use these expanded guidelines to provide feeding recommendations for caregivers of infants/toddlers. The purpose of this study was to explore 1) the infant and toddler feeding topics that Extension educators discuss with caregivers through formal curricula and informal conversations, 2) educators’ perceived barriers to teaching and discussing topics with caregivers, and 3) the optimal format of resources for educators and the communities they serve. Findings from this study confirmed a need among educators for infant/toddler feeding programs and resources offered through Extension.

Small Gtp-Binding Protein Gdp Dissociation Stimulator Influences Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Via Perk-Dependent Er Stress, Yuxue Yang, Ting Xiong, Ti Wang, Xiwei Chen, Ziwei Ma, Bangyun Zuo, Dong Ning, Ruilong Song, Xuesong Liu, Daxin Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Cisplatin is a common anticancer drug, but its frequent nephrotoxicity limits its clinical use. Small GTP-binding protein GDP dissociation stimulator (smgGDS), a small GTPase chaperone protein, was considerably downregulated during cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CDDP-AKI), especially in renal tubular epithelial cells. SmgGDS-knockdown mice was established and found that smgGDS knockdown promoted CDDP-AKI, as demonstrated by an increase in serum creatine, blood urea nitrogen levels and the appearance of tubular patterns. RNA sequencing suggested that protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), which bridges mitochondria-associated ER membranes, was involved in smgGDS knockdown following CDDP-AKI, and then identified that smgGDS knockdown increased phosphorylated-PERK …