Nutrition Commons^™

A Study Of The Effectiveness Of Front-Of-Package Nutrition Labels In The Us, Emily Lauren Irvin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

American weight trends have steadily increased over the past years. In efforts to better inform consumers of their food consumption, increasingly front-of-package (fop) food labels are displayed on packaged food items. Fop nutrition labels have become more prevalent in the US to help consumers identify healthier options at the point-of-purchase. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two current fop labels, the facts up front and the facts up front extended labels. In addition, a generic binary label was created to represent a non-brand associated symbol, which does not currently exist in the US. Participants were randomized to one …

Predisposing Risk Factors Associated With Stress Fracture Development In Division I Cross Country Runners, Kaci Griffin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore potential factors that could be associated with increased stress fracture development in division one collegiate cross country runners. Participants for this study consisted of 42 collegiate cross country runners at the University of Mississippi. A nutritional assessment consisting of a 3-day food record and measurements of whole body, lumbar spine and hip bone mineral densities using a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was conducted on each athlete. Each athlete was also asked to answer a demographic questionnaire with questions regarding ethnicity, hometown, smoking status, vitamin/mineral intake, previous stress fracture history, birth control usage …

Histological Evidence Of The Effect Of Oil Palm Phenolics In Atherogenic Diet Induced Rat Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Kenechukwu Monplaisir Monplaisir

Wayne State University Theses

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the clinical presentation of memory loss and cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's disease pathology is the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

METHOD: In this study atherogenic diet was used to induce AD in aged Brown Norway rats. The rats were assigned to the following four groups fed isocaloric diets; control group (C ),high cholesterol diet (H), high cholesterol + oil palm phenolics group (HP), high cholesterol + curcumin group (HC). The impact of oil palm phenolics (OPP) on neuronal health and its effect on amyloid deposition was evaluated using histology …

Relationships Of Dietary Protein And Phosphorus With Protein Energy Wasting In Hemodialysis Patients, Dina Angela Tallman

Wayne State University Theses

Both higher dietary phosphorus intake and a greater dietary phosphorus to protein ratio are associated with increased death risk in hemodialysis (HD) patients even after adjustments for serum phosphorus, type of phosphate binder used, and dietary protein, energy, and potassium intake. Furthermore, dietary phosphorus restriction to control serum phosphorus is often associated with a reduction in protein intake, which is associated with muscle wasting and poor survival. One highly prevalent complication of end stage renal disease is protein energy wasting (PEW), a state of decreased body protein and fat mass, which is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in …

Implementing Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Programs In Level One And Two Nurseries: Policies, Barriers, And Successes, Rebecca Phipps Smeltzer

Honors Theses and Capstones

Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) as feeding supplementation has been shown to prevent and lower rates of gastrointestinal infection and increase exclusive human milk consumption (EHM) in critically-ill, low birthweight and premature infants. Policies/ procedures for the use of PDHM in “well” newborns and low birth weight newborns with non-life-threatening illness, level I and II nurseries, respectively, have not been established. The objective of this research is to gather and summarize policies/procedures and experiences from four hospitals in the northeast US that use PDHM in level I/II nurseries. Data was collected from interviews with hospital administrators and each hospital’s PDHM …

A Dietary Approach To Cardiovascular Disease And Cancer: Does A Plant Based Diet Help Prevent And Reverse Cardiovascular Disease And Cancer?, Chana Wircberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Modern Western societies seem to suffer from a veritable epidemic of serious diseases, two of the most serious of which are cardiovascular disease and cancer. In contrast, hunter and gatherer groups have a very low incidence of such diseases. Despite the diversity of hunter and gather diets, they all share the same characteristic: the absence of a Western diet. This suggests that there is something uniquely inflammatory about a Western diet, which is high in both fats and carbohydrates. Departures from a Western diet appear to result in better health. Experimental studies have shown that heart disease can be reversed …

Letter From The Dean, Lona Robertson

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Six Days Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Performance In Trained Crossfit Athletes, Samuel J. Kramer, Daniel A. Baur, Maria T. Spicer, Matthew D. Vukovich

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: While it is well established that dietary nitrate reduces the metabolic cost of exercise, recent evidence suggests this effect is maintained 24 h following the final nitrate dose when plasma nitrite levels have returned to baseline. In addition, acute dietary nitrate was recently reported to enhance peak power production. Our purpose was to examine whether chronic dietary nitrate supplementation enhanced peak power 24 h following the final dose and if this impacted performance in a heavily power-dependent sport.
Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, maximal aerobic capacity, body composition, strength, maximal power (30 s Wingate), endurance (2 km …

Ignite-Sparking Youth To Create Healthy Communities: A Protocol For A Community-Centered Effort For The Prevention Of Adolescent Obesity, Tandalayo Kidd, Erika Lindshield, Kendra Kattelmann, Koushik Adhikari, Nancy Muturi, Susan Zies

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective: To observe outcomes of a community-centered approach to identifying behavioral and environmental factors that influence overweight and obesity in 6th-8th grade youth in selected low income, racial/ethnic communities.
Design: Five-year, tri-state, quasi-experimental design with environmental assessments and a questionnaire measuring nutrition and physical activity knowledge and behavior conducted in all communities at pre and post.
Setting: Low-income, minority communities targeting 6th-8th grade youth. Participants: One experimental and one control communities will be selected via each state’s Cooperative Extension network through an application and review process with the random selection of participating communities.
Intervention(s): Academic institutions will work with community …

Assessing Physical Activity Determinants In Urban Settings: Comparison Of Perceptions And Environmental Audit Findings, Daniel Remley, Susan Zies, Beth Stefura, Ryan Leone, Kendra Kattelmann, Tandalayo Kidd

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Sedentary lifestyles are a contributor to obesity and urban adolescents are less physically active than rural adolescents. Supportive physical activity environments, understood as the geography, observations, and perceptions of features such as recreational facilities, sidewalks, bike lanes, traffic patterns, etc., have been positively associated with adolescent physical activity behaviors within urban settings. As part of a Socio-Ecological intervention to improve physical activity behavior, the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA), the Active Neighborhood Checklist (ANC), and focus groups were used to assess the physical activity influences within an urban middle school and surrounding community. The assessments suggested that lack of parks, …

The Role Of Pxr And Ikkβ Signaling In Cardiometabolic Disease, Robert N. Helsley

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is partially attributed to perturbations in lipid metabolism. Xenobiotics, such as pharmaceutical drugs and environmental chemicals, have been associated with increased risk of CVD in multiple large-scale human population studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. We and others have identified several xenobiotics as potent agonists for the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor that can be activated by numerous drugs as well as environmental and dietary chemicals. However, the role of PXR in mediating the pathophysiological effects of xenobiotic exposure in humans and animals remains elusive. …

Comparison Of Quick Methods For Determining Body Composition In Female Collegiate Athletes And Obese Females, Mandee E. Martin

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a tool used broadly by public health agencies to assess weight in populations. However, when differentiating between fat mass and fat free mass the formula (BMI = weight in kilograms/height in meters2) is not applicable. Research suggests that evaluating body fat percentage and adipose tissue deposition may provide a nuanced indication of overall health, making it more accurate on an individual basis. This study evaluated four methods (Body Mass Index, waist circumference, A Body Shape Index, and Waist to Stature Index) that assess body composition and their ability to predict body fat percentage in …

Promoting Healthy Home-Cooked Family Meals: Evaluation Of A Social Marketing Program Targeting Low-Income Mothers, Mollie Y. Dawahare

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Objective: Evaluate how a social marketing approach compares to traditional nutrition education curriculum for promoting behavioral changes related to eating and food.

Design: Nonequivalent comparison group, entry-exit design. Participants from 12 Kentucky counties assigned either comparison or pilot group. Comparison group received traditional nutrition education curriculum and pilot group received the social marketing program, Cook Together, Eat Together (CTET) curriculum. EFNEP’s Behavior Checklist and 24-Hour Dietary Recall were administered at entry and exit of the 8-week programs.

Participants: Females (18-72 years of age) from families eligible to receive SNAP benefits (n=64 comparison group participants, n=60 pilot group participants).

Intervention: …

Associations Between Consumption Of Fruits And Vegetables Among Older Consumers And Farmers Market Shopping, Shu-Feng Tsao

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The number of farmers’ markets in the United States has increased over 300% in past two decades. Many studies have also shown a positive association between an increased access to farmers’ markets and consumption of fruits and vegetables. However, few studies have explored relationships between older consumers aged 55+ whose fruit and vegetable consumption and their attendance at farmers’ markets. In Taiwan, no previous studies regarding farmers’ markets had been conducted from nutritional perspectives. The aims of this study were to determine general characteristics of farmers’ markets shoppers and their perceptions regarding the markets in Lexington, Kentucky and Taipei City, …

Color Your Plate Nutrition Intervention: Using Exposure Interventions To Increase Fruit And Vegetable Intake In Older Adults Attending Congregate Meal Sites, Alyson D. Humphrey

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

The aims of the Color Your Plate nutrition intervention were to increase intake of fruits and vegetables and increase motivators and decrease barriers to consuming fruits and vegetables rich in older-adults who regularly attend congregate meal sites. In this quasiexperimental pilot study, a convenience sample (n=35) of older adults at two intervention and two control sites completed pre- and post-surveys. Following the five-lesson curriculum, intervention participants reported greater intakes of fruits and vegetables (mean change increase of 3.47 ± 2.38 servings/week) and significant increases in days having consumed 4.5 cups or more of fruits and vegetables (p=.0004), incorporation of fruits …

Nutrition Knowledge Among A Predominantly Hispanic College Population, Heather Sandford

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

ABSTRACT

Many chronic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some types of cancer are prevalent and have been associated with unhealthy eating patterns. At the same time overweight and obesity are contributing factors to the development of these conditions. There are multiple factors contributing to overweight and obesity. Some of these include a frequent consumption of unhealthy or high energy-dense foods combined with the lack of physical activity. A true understanding and foundation of proper nutrition allows people to make healthy eating choices. It has been documented that among the population, college students have a limited nutrition …

Message From The Faculty Editor, Mary Savin

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Foodservice Employees Behaviors And The Presence Of Foodborne-Illness Responsible Microorganisms On Smart Phones, Louise Louise De Gracia, R.D.

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

As technology advances, smart phone (SP) use is on the rise, including in foodservice establishments. Likewise, the incidence of foodborne-illness in the United States remains high. The presence of disease-responsible microorganisms on health care employees’ mobile phones is well-documented, but little research has examined this relationship concerning foodservice employees’ SPs. Employees (n=50) from a Michigan foodservice establishment were surveyed for their SP use behaviors, and their SPs were swabbed to detect Salmonella, coliforms, and norovirus. Poor hygienic behaviors, such as SP use in the bathroom (75.5%, n=37) were widespread. ServSafe®-certified employees (46%, n=23) were significantly (p=0.041) less likely to use …

Amount Of Time To Eat Lunch Is Associated With Children’S Selection And Consumption Of School Meal Entrée, Fruits, Vegetables, And Milk, Juliana F.W. Cohen, Jaquelyn L. Jahn, Scott Richardson, Sarah A. Cluggish, Ellen Parker, Eric B. Rimm

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

There are currently no national standards for school lunch period length and little is known about the association between the amount of time students have to eat and school food selection and consumption.

Objective

Our aim was to examine plate-waste measurements from students in the control arm of the Modifying Eating and Lifestyles at School study (2011 to 2012 school year) to determine the association between amount of time to eat and school meal selection and consumption.

Design

We used a prospective study design using up to six repeated measures among students during the school year.

Participants/setting

One thousand …