Kinesiology Commons^™

Weight Control Practices Of Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association Athletes, Patrick B. Wilson, Leilani Madrigal, Judith M. Burnfield

Athletic Performance Research

Objectives: Altering body weight can have substantial effects on an athlete’s performance and well-being. Limited information is available describing the weight control practices of Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes.

Methods: Weight control practices data from 188 (138 male and 50 female; 18-23 y) Division I NCAA athletes were analyzed as a part of this cross-sectional, retrospective study. Participants completed questionnaires on weight control practices and weight control nutrition knowledge at the end of their season and were classified into weight-sensitive and less weight-sensitive sports.

Results: A higher proportion of females attempted to lose weight than males among …

Hormonal Responses To Non-Nutritive Sweeteners In Water And Diet Soda., Allison C. Sylvetsky, Rebecca J Brown, Jenny E Blau, Mary Walter, Kristina I Rother

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), especially in form of diet soda, have been linked to metabolic derangements (e.g. obesity and diabetes) in epidemiologic studies. We aimed to test acute metabolic effects of NNS in isolation (water or seltzer) and in diet sodas.

METHODS: We conducted a four-period, cross-over study at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (Bethesda, Maryland). Thirty healthy adults consumed 355 mL water with 0 mg, 68 mg, 170 mg, and 250 mg sucralose, and 31 individuals consumed 355 mL caffeine-free Diet Rite Cola™, Diet Mountain Dew™ (18 mg sucralose, 18 mg acesulfame-potassium, 57 mg aspartame), and seltzer …

Is There A Difference In Acute Memory Retention Between Maximal Treadmill Exercise And Maximal Ergometer Exercise?, Elizabeth Jumbo

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity can have positive effects on the proper functioning of the brain. A single bout of exercise may stimulate plasticity within the cortex, a portion of the brain with a unique applicability to reconstruct memory. There are a couple key components of the physiological effects of exercise on the brain that may control the improvements in memory. During a single bout of exercise, heart rate and stroke volume increase to pump more oxygenated blood throughout the body. Elevated cardiac output results in increased cerebral blood flow, which stimulates elevated electrical activity within the brain. A rise in frequencies …

Il-15 Mediates Mitochondrial Activity Through A Ppar𝛿-Dependent-Ppar𝛼-Independent Mechanism In Skeletal Muscle Cells, Shantaé M. Thornton, James E. Krolopp, Marcia J. Abbott

Health Sciences and Kinesiology Faculty Articles

Molecular mediators of metabolic processes, to increase energy expenditure, have become a focus for therapies of obesity. The discovery of cytokines secreted from the skeletal muscle (SKM), termed “myokines,” has garnered attention due to their positive effects on metabolic processes. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine that has numerous positive metabolic effects and is linked to the PPAR family of mitochondrial regulators. Here, we aimed to determine the importance of PPAR𝛼 and/or PPAR𝛿 as targets of IL-15 signaling. C2C12 SKM cells were differentiated for 6 days and treated every other day with IL-15 (100 ng/mL), a PPAR𝛼 inhibitor (GW-6471), a PPAR𝛿 …

The Effects Of Music On A Submaximal Exercise Performance, Ashley Gonzales, Sabrina Garcia

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Individuals who work out several times a week often use music as a motivation or a distraction. However, will listening to music actually help the individual workout harder and longer or is it just a distraction affecting the intensity of the exercise. It has been suggested that music is more beneficial for longer distances and improves performance by “distracting” the individual who is exercising. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of music on a 30-minute submaximal exercise test on the cycle ergometer. METHODS: Five males (age 21.4 ±1.62 yrs) of the UTA Kinesiology department, …

The Effects Of Body Weight Assistance On Maximal Aerobic Capacity In College Age Women, Sabino Rojas, Max Tosaw

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2max is the maximal capacity for the body to deliver and utilize oxygen during an intense exercise. VO2max can be expressed as an absolute value in liters of oxygen per minute (L/min) or in a relative value as milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). Body weight assistance (BWA) is often used within the rehabilitation setting as a reliable resource to provide patients the ability to perform a walking motion at a reduced body weight. The AlterG Anti-Gravity Treadmill utilizes the Differential Air Pressure technology to alleviate the individual’s weight. Research has …

The Relationship Between Rpe And Blood Lactate Concentrations During A Vo2max Test On A Cycle Ergometer, Edith Torres, James Nguyen

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Lactate (La) is produced by the body’s muscles in response to exercise through anaerobic glycolysis. During exercise, most of the lactate produced enters the heart and slow twitch muscle fibers by traveling within the blood throughout the body. The lactate diffused into the blood is referred to asblood lactate. Blood lactate (BLa) is used as a measurement of exercise intensity since there is a strong relationship between the two. With increasing blood lactate and intensity there is also an increase in exertion. This exertion during exercise is measured through the rate of perceived exertion scale (RPE). The Borg RPE …

The Effects Of Caffeine On Maximal Exercise, Amber D. Rey, Brenda Romero

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Caffeine is classified as an ergogenic and central nervous system stimulant. Research shows that there are benefits of consuming caffeine. These include increased mental alertness, decreased fatigue and increased delay to the onset of fatigue, decreased reaction time and increased use of muscle triglycerides. Research has also shown that ingesting caffeine prior to exercise significantly elevates plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol. It is known that the accumulation of FFA reduces the rate of glycolysis via the inhibition of phosphofructokinase. Therefore, ingestion of caffeine is expected to alter carbohydrate metabolism and the rate of lactate production.

The Effects Of Rhodiola Rosea On Submaximal Exercise, Diana Ayala, Brenda Riofrio

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Introduction: Rhodiola Rosea is a traditional medical herb that grows in mountainous regions. It has been used to enhance mental and physical performance and treat psychological stress and fatigue. Some research studies have shown that Rhodiola Rosea has anti-inflammatory properties and t it has also been shown to improve aerobic endurance.

The Effects Of Arginine On The Rate Of Blood Lactate Removal Following Multiple Wingate Tests, Robert Loflin, Nathan Mcewen

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: During the first few minutes of high intensity exercise, the body relies on the glycolytic system for energy. Abyproduct of this system is lactic acid, or blood lactate. As blood lactate levels increase in the muscles, muscle contraction and energy output decreases as a result ofoverall elevated acidity. Therefore, an athlete in successive high intensity events may be interested in supplementation that could rid the body more quickly of blood lactate. Onesupplement that might be beneficial in this task is Arginine, a common pre-workout vasodilator. PURPOSE: To determine what effects Arginine, a vasodilator, had on blood lactate removal after …

Medical Claims At Ncaa Institutions: The Athletic Trainer's Role, Tyler P. Killinger

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Context: National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions are required to certify insurance coverage of medical expenses that result from athletically related injuries sustained while partaking in an NCAA event. This means that the student-athlete must be covered either by their parent’s/guardian’s insurance, their own personal insurance coverage, and/or the institution’s insurance program. Institutions assign this role to a variety of employees, including head athletic trainers (ATs), assistant ATs, athletic administrators, business managers, secretaries, or other institution employees. In 1994 Street, Yates, Lavery, and Lavery observed that the head AT was responsible for administering medical insurance/claims payment at 51% of the …

Comparison Of Isokinetic And Jumping Knee Torques, Synyoung Li

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Isokinetic movements occur at a fixed angular velocity, regardless of torque applied by the subject. Isokinetic testing has been correlated with field tests and clinical predictions such as recovery from surgery. Peak torque at a given angular velocity is the most commonly measured variable. Although isokinetic tests are correlated with field tests such as the vertical jump, there is little research comparing the same variables. Three-dimensional motion capture systems can accurately model a subject’s movement. Software then models virtual skeletons based on the anatomical markers captured by the camera system. The virtual reconstruction of the subject provides kinetic and …

Effects Of The Creatine Monohydrate Supplement On Power Output As Measured By The Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (Want), Angel Do

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Introduction: The Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAnT) has been a popular method for assessment of anaerobic power. Anaerobic power is determined when the adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine (ATP-PCr) energy pathways are used to as the energy source to generate mechanical work. Creatine monohydrate has been a staple supplement because it’s inexpensive, safe and natural. Creatine is found and stored in our skeletal muscles as phosphocreatine which is associated with power output.

The Aerobic Capacity Of Physically Disabled College Basketball Athletes, Kelsea Bruton

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Aerobic Capacity, otherwise known as maximal oxygen consumption, is the highest amount of oxygen consumed during maximal exercise in activities that use the large muscle groups in the legs or arms and legs combined. This occurs because as the heart becomes conditioned to breathing harder and more often, the heart muscle begins to hypertrophy. As the heart muscle hypertrophies, the muscle becomes stronger, allowing more oxygen to be transported to the lungs for gas exchange. A high VO2max is beneficial for fitness because the more oxygen you can take in, the more oxygen gets delivered to working muscles (Devillard, …

Physiological Responses During A Modified Bruce Max Test In The Anti-Gravity Treadmill, Lucy Kang

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity can be difficult or painful for the obese, disabled, or those recovering from injury or surgery. For all populations, regular physical activity is a necessity for overall health, increased mobility, and reduction of all-cause mortality rates. Lower body positive pressure (LBPP) treadmills offer a way to unweigh users in an effort to reduce reaction forces that may inhibit physical activity and are less painful than traditional harness systems. To address this, the physiological responses in the AlterG© Anti-Gravity treadmill were measured, while performing a modified Bruce max test. The measurements take were the RPE, absolute and relative …

The Comparison Of Muscle Activation And Performance In A Neutral And Supinated Grip Bicep Curl, Peter Lam

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

BACKGROUND: When performing a bicep curl, there are many muscles that must activate in order to achieve this motion much like any other body part. Changing the hand formation from a supinated to a neutral grip can change the biomechanics of the arm during elbow flexion. For this study, the brachioradialis was compared to determine whether or not it was more involved during the initial 40 degrees of elbow flexion during a neutral grip bicep curl compared to a supinated grip bicep curl. According to the literature, most studies found no significant difference in performance and muscle activity between a …

The Effect Of Caffeine As An Ergogenic Aid During A Short-Duration, High Intensity Exercise, Efosa Agbonmamwen

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Many athlete use caffeine as an ergogenic aid to improve performance. The world anti doping agency (WADA) currently monitors the pattern caffeine is being used during competition among athletes. Evidence from the literature indicates that caffeine ingestion may improve exercise performance by reducing fatigue and increasing concentration and alertness. However, the evidence for caffeine as an ergogenic aid on short-duration and high-intensity activity has been controversial. These conflicting conclusions can be attributed to testing protocol, dose of caffeine, fitness level of subjects, nutrition and subject collaboration. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of caffeine …

The Effects Of Music On Physiological Responses During Submaximal Exercise, Adrian Benna

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown that music can have psychological effects on a person. It can affect a person’s emotions and stress levels. Other variables that can be affected by music are heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). RPE is used as a way to measure workout intensity subjectively and is usually presented in the form of Borg’s scale. Heart rate is also a good indicator of the intensity of the workout. During exercise, there is an increase in sympathetic activity because of the body’s demand for more oxygen which also increases HR. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study …

The Effects Of Creatine Supplementation On The Upper And Lower Body Muscular Strength And Endurance, Luis J. Anaya Niño

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

BACKGROUND: Since its discovery, many studies have been done on creatine (Cr) and it is an ergogenic supplement that increases short term, high intensity exercise performance. Most of the total Cr (95%) in humans is located in the skeletal muscle, in which 60% is phosphocreatine and the remainder is free Cr (1,2). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7 – days of oral creatine supplementation during upper and lower body strength and endurance measurements. METHODS: Students at UTA and the Kinesiology department volunteered to participate in this study, five men (M; age 24 + 3.03 …

A Comparison In Physiological Responses Between Cycle Ergometer And Elliptical Submaximal Exercise, Julio Jaramillo

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

BACKGROUND: The specific purpose of this research was to determine if there were any physiological differences in cycle ergometer and elliptical submaximal exercises in terms of oxygen consumption, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, blood lactate production, and the amount of kilocalories metabolized. The cycle ergometer and the elliptical are both valid pieces of exercise equipment to use when pursuing submaximal exercise. The difference in how the human body consumes oxygen, metabolizes fats, carbohydrates, and kilocalories from doing a submaximal exercise using both a cycle ergometer and an elliptical on separate occasions are to be questioned. It was hypothesized that there would …