Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effect Of Photobiomodulation Therapy On Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Kathleen Nichole Thiriot

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To explore the difference between continuous and pulsed photobiomodulation (PBMT) versus a placebo treatment when using a red-blue light combination over multiple treatment sessions to decrease the symptoms of muscle damage in the quadriceps muscle after a bout of muscle damaging exercise. Methods: Thirty-six healthy, nonactive male and female participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: continuous PBMT, pulsed PBMT, and placebo treatment. Participants were assessed for muscle damage with knee extension maximal isometric and isokinetic contractions, as well as Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) scores. Blood creatine kinase (CK) was also …

Summer Camp As A Force For 21st Century Learning: Exploring Divergent Thinking In A Residential Camp Setting, Myles L. Lynch, C. Boyd Hegarty, Nate E. Trauntvein, Jonathan Plucker

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

This study investigated change in divergent thinking (DT), an indicator of creative potential, at two gender-specific residential summer camps. Additionally, this study examined whether the change in DT varied by gender and by the type of activities campers self-select. Quantitative methods, using a quasi-experimental design was used in order to understand differences in camper scores. A total of 189 youth, 100 girls, 89 boys, between the ages of 9 and 14 years participated in the current study. Participants were administered a modified version of Guilford's (1967) alternate uses task, a measure of DT, in which respondents were asked questions such …

Can A Preseason Screen Predict Injury Or Performance Over Three Years Of College Football?, Bartley B. Mortensen

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To investigate if the Functional Movement Screen (FMSâ„¢) total score, individual component test scores or number of asymmetries can predict noncontact injury risk or player performance over three consecutive seasons of NCAA Division I football. Methods: As football teams are comprised of individuals with vastly different physical characteristics and playing responsibilities, we divided the subjects into three homogeneous groups based on position (Big, Combo and Skill). Each FMSâ„¢ score was assessed with regard to the total team score as well as by individual position groups. For our injury analysis we also controlled for exposure. For player performance we controlled …

Neuromuscular Adaptations Following Training And Protein Supplementation In A Group Of Trained Weightlifters, Christopher B. Taber, Kevin M. Carroll, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Sato, Charles A. Stuart, Mary Howell, Kenton Hall, Caleb Bazyler, Michael H. Stone

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a recovery supplement compared with a placebo on muscle morphology in trained weightlifters. Vastus lateralis and muscle fiber cross sectional area of type I and type II fibers were compared between groups using a series of 2 × 2 (group × time) repeated measure ANOVAs. Both groups on average improved cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis, type I and type II muscle fibers from pre-to-post but individual response varied within both groups. Greater magnitude of changes in type I and type II muscle fibers were observed for the placebo …

Behavioral Determinants Of Exercise-Related Injury Prevention Program Participation, Emily M. Hartley

Health Services Research Dissertations

Lower extremity injuries are common among the physically active population. There are many negative consequences associated with these injuries which have led to a shift in clinical practice towards prevention. Exercise-related injury prevention programs (ERIPPs) were created to prevent musculoskeletal injuries that occur due to participation in physical activity. However, one of the major limitations to their effectiveness is the compliance of the users to complete the prescribed exercises. It is imperative to better understand the reasons why compliance is low to develop implementation strategies and improve compliance rates.

The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to gain a better …

Physiological Tremor In Handgun Aiming And Shooting Tasks, Kyle J. Kellran

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

When holding an outstretched limb or aiming at a target, humans produce small involuntary fluctuations that may hamper performance. Current strategies for minimizing the impact of tremulous oscillations predominantly include both extrinsic and intrinsic support. The aim of the current dissertation is to better understand the parameters of physiological tremor associated with handgun aiming with the end goal of improving shooting accuracy. Experiment 1 focused on handgun aiming and the influence of different arm posture adopted during aiming. Experiment 2 expanded upon the findings of experiment 1 by comparing tremor during finger pointing, handgun aiming, and handgun shooting. Experiment 3 …

Effects Of Static, Countermovement, And Drop Jump Performance On Power And Rate Of Force Development In 6–16-Year Old Boys, Lacey E. Jahn

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static, counter movement, and drop jump performance on peak power and peak rate of force development (RFD). The secondary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vertical jump outcomes, maturity offset, and muscle cress-sectional area (CSA). During a single testing session, twenty-one young males (mean age ± SD = 12.1 ± 2.4 yrs) performed maximal vertical jumps which included: static jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), and drop jump from 8 (DJ8), 12 (DJ12) and 16 (DJ16) inches in a randomized order. Peak power increased from …

Validity Of Wrist-Worn Consumer Products To Measure Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure, R. S. Thiebaud, Merrill D. Funk, Jacelyn C. Patton, Brook L. Massey, Terri E. Shay, Martin G. Schmidt, Nicolas Giovannitti

Health & Human Performance Faculty Publications

Introduction: The ability to monitor physical activity throughout the day and during various activities continues to improve with the development of wrist-worn monitors. However, the accuracy of wrist-worn monitors to measure both heart rate and energy expenditure during physical activity is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of several popular wrist-worn monitors at measuring heart rate and energy expenditure.

Methods: Participants wore the TomTom Cardio, Microsoft Band and Fitbit Surge on randomly assigned locations on each wrist. The maximum number of monitors per wrist was two. The criteria used for heart rate and energy …

Childhood Cancer And Treatment Effects On Motor Performance, Jessica A. Peterson, Tom V. Darling

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 657-668, 2018. Children with cancer report motor problems several years post treatment. Physical performance limitations can restrict the survivor's ability to participate fully in daily activities necessary for self-care, family life, and/or work. Motor performance in childhood cancer could be an important measure in symptom research. This review addresses motor performance limitations caused by cancer treatment in childhood cancer survivors. Several studies found performance deficits in strength and flexibility. Conflicting research in balance, coordination, and reaction time needs further consideration. The findings may indicate muscle atrophy as a cause of performance limitations rather than …

Testing The Effects Of Message Framing On Physical Activity Motivation In Active And Non-Active Adults, Derek James Hevel

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: Understanding how to best “sell” physical activity (PA) is a critical goal. This study investigated the effects of message framing on motivation to participate in a PA program, and tested whether the effectiveness of messages framed to promote either affective benefits, physical health benefits, or a combination of benefits varied based on one’s current PA status.

METHODS: Adult participants (N=188) from a Midwestern university, who were recruited via email, completed an online survey assessing demographic information and current stage of change. They then viewed one of four randomly assigned promotional flyers for a PA program offered on campus. The …

Characteristics Of Helicopter Accidents Involving Male And Female Pilots, Scott S. Burgess, Robert O. Walton, P. Michael Politano

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Studies examining aviation accidents have not found differences in accident rates by gender, though there may be gender differences in the types of accident. Baker, Lamb, Grabowski, and Rebok (2001) examined fixed-wing aviation accident rates of male and female private pilots and found that males were more likely to have accidents related to inattention or poor planning while female pilots were more likely to have accidents due to mishandling the aircraft. This research analyzed the National Transportation Safety Board’s aviation accident database system to examine the severity of injury and aircraft damage in rotary-wing (helicopter) accidents by gender. The data …

Anxiety And Alternative Facts: An Arts-Based Critical Social Improvisation Project, Rebecca Zarate, Nancy Beardall, Talaye Zarafshandardaky, Brooke Rutstein

Lesley University Community of Scholars Day

According to Grayson and Meilman (2011) the stakes are too high in current campus culture to not acknowledge the social roots of mental health issues such as anxiety, and concerns of students as related to campus safety. This arts-based, music performance project responded to concerns on campus from recent political and social events. More specifically, it aimed to explore the concept of “alternative facts” and how this idea plays with the collective concepts of truth and falsifications. It explored applications of clinical improvisation and the concept of collective anxiety as a social phenomenon expressed through arts including music, dance, and …

A Two-Test Protocol For The Precise Determination Of The Maximal Lactate Steady State, Daniel Yaeger, Jena Winger, Kristin Murphy, Stasinos Stavrianeas

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 681-695, 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a two-test method for precisely identifying the Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS). Eight male competitive cyclists performed two bouts on a cycle ergometer. Following a maximal oxygen consumption (O_2max) test (66.91 ± 5.29 mL∙kg^-1∙min^-1) we identified the lactate deflection point using the visual deflection (T_Vis), Log-Log (T_Log), D_max (T_Dmax), RER = 1.00 (T_RER), ventilatory threshold (T_Vent), and the 1.0 mmol·L^-1 increase above baseline …

The Effects Of Pcso-524®, A Patented Marine Oil Lipid Derived From The New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel (Perna Canaliculus), On Pulmonary And Respiratory Muscle Function In Non-Asthmatic Elite Runners, Ren-Jay Shei, Emily M. Adamic, Robert F. Chapman, Timothy D. Mickleborough

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 669-680, 2018. Habitual endurance training may be associated with mild airway inflammation and subsequent deterioration in lung function. PCSO-524™ (Lyprinol®/Omega-XL®), a supplement extracted from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), has been shown to moderate airway inflammation in asthmatic subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplementation with PCSO-524™ improves pulmonary and respiratory muscle function in non-asthmatic elite runners. Sixteen male, non-asthmatic elite runners were randomly assigned to either a treatment (PCSO-524™; 1 capsule contains 50 mg n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and 100 mg olive oil, n …

Examining Anxiety And Achievement Goal Theory In Physical Activity Settings, Timothy Michael Dasinger

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In the United States (US), a majority of adults do not meet the recommended guides of physical activity despite the many benefits. One benefit of activity is the reduction of anxiety. Although there is robust evidence demonstrating the anxiolytic effects of physical activity, the mechanism is not fully understood. Some psychological explanations are related to a lack of confidence in one’s ability. Because of this, Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) may be a viable framework to explain the anxiolytic effects of physical activity. The focus of this dissertation is to examine the efficacy of AGT as a mechanism and to explore …

Rhythmic Abilities And Musical Training In Parkinson’S Disease: Do They Help?, Valérie Cochen De Cock, Dobromir Dotov, Petra Ihalainen, V. Bégel, Florence Galtier, Cindy Lebrun, Marie Christine Picot, Valérie Driss, N. Landragin, Christian Geny, Benoit G. Bardy, Simone Dalla Bella

Journal Articles

Rhythmic auditory cues can immediately improve gait in Parkinson’s disease. However, this effect varies considerably across patients. The factors associated with this individual variability are not known to date. Patients’ rhythmic abilities and musicality (e.g., perceptual and singing abilities, emotional response to music, and musical training) may foster a positive response to rhythmic cues. To examine this hypothesis, we measured gait at baseline and with rhythmic cues in 39 non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease and 39 matched healthy controls. Cognition, rhythmic abilities and general musicality were assessed. A response to cueing was qualified as positive when the stimulation led to …

Kinematics Of Swimming Of The Manta Ray: Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Open Water Maneuverability, Frank E. Fish, Allison Kolpas, Andrew Crossett, Michael A. Dudas, Keith W. Moored, Hilary Bart-Smith

Biology Faculty Publications

For aquatic animals, turning maneuvers represent a locomotor activity that may not be confined to a single coordinate plane, making analysis difficult particularly in the field. To measure turning performance in a three-dimensional space for the manta ray (Mobula birostris), a large open-water swimmer, scaled stereo video recordings were collected. Movements of the cephalic lobes, eye and tail base were tracked to obtain three-dimensional coordinates. A mathematical analysis was performed on the coordinate data to calculate the turning rate and curvature (1/turning radius) as a function of time by numerically estimating the derivative of manta trajectories through three-dimensional space. Principal …

Comparison Of Thermal Glove Wrist-Hand Orthoses In Their Effectiveness On Rheumatoid Arthritis, Brittany E. Mott

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting nearly 1% of the world’s population with symptoms such as inflammation, pain, and reduced strength [1]. Physicians and scientists work to develop pharmaceuticals and medical devices aimed at decreasing the symptoms associated with RA to better the lives of those affected. One of the most recent developments is the addition of thermal therapy gloves to the array of upper limb orthoses available to patients with RA. It was hypothesized that this study will show that orthoses in the form of thermal therapy gloves are beneficial to the patients by reducing symptoms such …

The Association Between Parental Beliefs About Sport Specialization And Athlete Sport Specialization Classification, Henry Mercier

Theses and Dissertations

Context: Previous research has demonstrated a high prevalence of extrinsic pressures among single sport athletes. The influence of parental beliefs on a high school student athlete’s decision to participate in a single sport rather than multiple sports has yet to be determined. Objective: To estimate a student athlete’s level of sport specialization from parental sport specialization beliefs and to investigate independent relationships of potential factors influencing the decision to pursue a single sport. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: High school athletics. Participants: Fifty-seven high school student athletes (25 females, 32 males; mean age 15.6±1.6 years) selected onto freshmen, junior varsity, or …

Andale Pittsburgh: Results Of A Promotoraled, Home-Based Intervention To Promote A Healthy Weight In Latino Preschool Children, Sharon E. Taverno Ross, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Patricia I. Documet, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: Latino preschool children have higher rates of obesity than preschool children from other racial/ ethnic groups; however, few effective, culturally appropriate interventions exist targeting this group. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a 10-week, promotora-mediated, home-based intervention to promote a healthy weight in Latino preschool children.

Methods: Trained promotoras (community health workers) delivered 10, 90-min weekly interactive and tailored sessions to Latino families living in Allegheny County. Participants were recruited through promotoras’ own social networks and community gatherings, flyers, and word of mouth. Primary outcome measures included child body mass index (BMI) z-score and …