Kinesiology Commons^™

Examination Of Resistance Settings Based On Body Weight For The 3-Minute All-Out Critical Power Test, Marlene J. Schulte, Jody L. Clasey, Bradley S. Fleenor, Haley C. Bergstrom

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 585-597, 2018. There are conflicting suggestions regarding the most valid resistance (3-5% of body weight) to use for the critical power (CP) 3-min all-out (CP_3min) test to estimate CP and anaerobic work capacity (AWC). The purpose of this study was to determine if the CP and AWC estimates from the CP_3min test were affected by the percentage of body weight used to set the resistance on a Monark cycle ergometer. Ten recreationally trained participants (mean ± SD: Age: 22.2 ± 2.2 yrs.) completed the CP_3min test at resistances of 4.5% …

Congruent Accuracy Of Wrist-Worn Activity Trackers During Controlled And Free-Living Conditions, Christopher J. Dondzila, Colleen Lewis, Justin R. Lopez, Tonya Parker

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 575-584, 2018. To examine activity tracker accuracy for measuring steps, energy expenditure, and heart rate in controlled and free-living conditions. Forty participants performed four, five-minute stages (walking: 53.7 m∙min-1, 80.5 m∙min-1; running: 134.1 m∙min-1, 160.9 m∙min-1) while wearing the Fitbit Charge HR (FB) and the Mio FUSE (MF) activity trackers. Measurements included steps, energy expenditure (kcals), and heart rate (beats∙min-1). In addition to the FB and MF, participants wore the NL-1000 (NL) activity tracker during waking hours of the subsequent day. One way ANOVAs with Tukey’s post hoc analyses were performed to compare mean …

Behavior Change Techniques And Physical Activity Using The Fitbit Flex®, Emily E. Dunn, Jennifer Robertson-Wilson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 561-574, 2018. Due to the availability of low-cost accelerometers, there has been an increase in the adoption of physical activity monitors (e.g., Fitbit®) (14) accompanied by a desire to understand the behavior change techniques (BCTs; 15) present in such monitors. One specific Fitbit® monitor incorporates 20 BCTs (15), but how users experience these BCTs has yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to explore user’s experience with the Fitbit Flex® regarding physical activity behavior and BCTs. The specific research objectives were to: 1) describe Fitbit Flex® users and 2) explore user’s …

Validation Of Piezorx Pedometer Derived Sedentary Time, Katelynn Donahoe, Dany Macdonald, Mark Tremblay, Travis Saunders

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 552-560, 2018. Although pedometers are valid tools for measuring physical activity, to date they have not been used to assess sedentary time. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the PiezoRx pedometer is a valid and reliable measure of sedentary time compared to the hip-worn Actical accelerometer. A secondary purpose was to compare sedentary time derived via the Fitbit Flex with that of the Actical. Finally, a third purpose was to compare sedentary time derived from the above devices, with that of the ActivPAL inclinometer. Thirty-five participants ages 11-69 years (M …

Validation Of The Piezorx® Step Count And Moderate To Vigorous Physical Activity Times In Free Living Conditions In Adults: A Pilot Study, Myles W. O'Brien, William R. Wojcik, Lisette D' Entremont, Jonathon R. Fowles

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 541-551, 2018. The purpose of the study was to: 1) Validate the PiezoRx® for steps and intensity related physical activity in free-living conditions compared to the criterion measure. 2) Compare PiezoRx®’s steps and intensity related physical activity to physiological assessments. 3) To assess the utility of the PiezoRx® in a subsample of participants. Thirty-nine participants consisting of 28 females aged 54.9±10.6 (33-74) years and 11 males aged 63.9±10.9 (44-80) years wore the PiezoRx® physical activity monitor and the ActiGraph® accelerometer for one full week and completed a physical assessment. A subsample (n=24) wore the …

The Accuracy And Validity Of Ios-Based Heart Rate Apps During Moderate To High Intensity Exercise, Alexa M. Bouts, Lauren Brackman, Elizabeth Martin, Adam M. Subasic, Edward S. Potkanowicz

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 533-540, 2018. People use their smartphones for everything from web browsing to tracking fitness metrics. However, it is unclear whether smartphone-based apps that use photoplethysmography to measure heart rate are an accurate or valid measure of exercise intensity. Purpose was to determine the accuracy and validity of two iOS-based heart rate monitors, Runtastic Heart Rate Monitor and Pulse Tracker PRO by Runtastic (Runtastic) and Instant Heart Rate+: Heart Rate and Pulse Monitor by Azumio (Instant Heart Rate), when compared to the electrocardiogram (ECG) and Polar® T31 uncoded heart rate monitor from moderate to vigorous …

A Descriptive Study Of Objectively Measured Pokémon Go Playtime In College Students, Charles J. Fountaine, Emily J. Springer, Jasmine R. Sward

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 526-532, 2018. Since its debut in July 2016, Pokémon GO has been a wildly popular mobile gaming app. In contrast to many previous apps, Pokémon GO requires the user to be physically active. However, the extent to which Pokémon GO contributes to physical activity is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activity profile of playing Pokémon GO for 60 minutes in recreationally active college students. College students (n=27, n=19 female) were fitted with an accelerometer, pedometer, and heart rate monitor to assess the activity demands during a 60-min …

Intraindividual Variability And Validity In Smart Apparel Muscle Activity Measurements During Exercise In Men, Jonathan Aquino, Jenevieve L. Roper

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 516-525, 2018. The purpose of the study was to compare smart apparel (SA) muscle activity measurements to surface electromyography (sEMG) muscle activity measurements during exercise, and determine if any systematic bias of the apparel exists. Thirty-five male participants (Ages 23.1±2.92 yrs, height 178±0.09 cm, mass 81.14±10.59 kg, body fat percentage 15.4±4.79%) provided informed consent for participation. During two separate exercise sessions, participants performed three sets of 12 bodyweight squats and pushups in both SA and sEMG. Conditions (sEMG or SA) were randomly counterbalanced. During sEMG, sensors were placed at selected anatomical locations on the …

Current State Of Commercial Wearable Technology In Physical Activity Monitoring 2015-2017, Jennifer Bunn, James W. Navalta, Charles J. Fountaine, Joel Reece

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 503-515, 2018. Wearable physical activity trackers are a popular and useful method to collect biometric information at rest and during exercise. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize recent findings of wearable devices for biometric information related to steps, heart rate, and caloric expenditure for several devices that hold a large portion of the market share. Searches were conducted in both PubMed and SPORTdiscus. Filters included: humans, within the last 5 years, English, full-text, and adult 19+ years. Manuscripts were retained if they included an exercise component of 5-min or greater and …

Influence Of Acute Consumption Of Caffeine Vs. Placebo Over Bia-Derived Measurements Of Body Composition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Design, Cassie M. Williamson, Brett S. Nickerson, Emily E. Bechke, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Brian Kliszczewicz

Faculty Articles

Background Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is often used to estimate total body water (TBW), intracellular body water (ICW), extracellular body water (ECW), and body fat percentage (BF%). A common restriction for BIA analysis is abstinence from caffeine 12-h prior to testing. However, research has yet to determine whether the consumption of caffeine influences BIA testing results. The purpose of this study was to determine if the consumption of caffeine influences BIA-derived BF% and body water values in habitual caffeine users. Methods Twenty apparently healthy males (26.6 ± 4.1 years) identified as habitual caffeine consumers (≥ one 95 mg serving per …

Effect Of An 8-Week Eccentric Training Program On Strength And Balance In Older Adults, Samantha Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 468-478, 2018. The purpose of the current study was to determine changes in balance and strength following an eccentric resistance training program in community-dwelling older adults who reported no history of falling. Participants (N = 14, 8 female, 6 male; age = 63.5 ± 2.0 years) completed an 8-week eccentric exercise training intervention on a commercially available eccentric step machine. Training included 2 training sessions per week, with a duration of 5 to 10 minutes and an intensity of 30 to 50% maximal eccentric strength. Single leg stance, 30-second repeated chair stand, timed …

The Relationship Between Athlete Identity And Career Exploration And Engagement In Division Ii Athletes, Jade M. Bell, Steven Prewitt, Vipa Bernhardt, Dean Culpepper

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 493-502, 2018. There are over 480,000 individuals who compete under the governing of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) but only a few of these student athletes continue to compete after college. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is an association between athlete identity and career exploration and engagement among current student athletes. Student athletes (N = 44) from various National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II institutions in the Southwest United States participated in the study. Participants were asked to complete an online survey consisting of demographic questions, the …

Effect Of Magnesium Carbonate Use On Repeated Open-Handed And Pinch Grip Weight-Assisted Pull-Ups, Nicholas T. Bacon, Greg A. Ryan, Jonathan E. Wingo, Mark T. Richardson, Tracey Pangallo, Phillip A. Bishop

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 479-492, 2018. The purpose was to determine if pull-up performance was affected by the use of chalk (100% magnesium carbonate) during open-handed and pinch grip weight-assisted pull-ups (WAPU) in recreationally-trained rock climbers. Furthermore, the reliability of open-handed and pinch grip WAPU was also investigated. Recreationally-active volunteers (n = 9) completed six counterbalanced trials. Participants used chalk during four trials to determine the reliability (test-retest) of the open-handed and pinch grips. While two of the six trials were used to determine if open-handed and pinch grip WAPU performance was affected without using chalk. Three of …

Infant Sitting Postural Control Appears Robust Across Changes In Surface Context, Elena Kokkoni, Joshua Haworth, Regina T. Harbourne, Nicholas Stergiou, Anastasia Kyvelidou

Journal Articles

Aim of the study: Independent sitting requires the control of the involved body segments over the base of support using information obtained from the three sensory systems (visual, vestibular, and somatosensory). The contribution of somatosensory information in infant sitting has not been explored. To address this gap, we altered the context of the sitting support surface and examined the infants’ immediate postural responses.

Materials and methods: Ten 7-month-old typically developing infants sat on compliant and firm surfaces in one session. Spatial, frequency, and temporal measures of postural control were obtained using center of pressure data.

Results Our results suggest that …

No-Releasing Polymers And Uses Thereof, Megan C. Frost, Genevieve Romanowicz

Michigan Tech Patents

The present invention provides stable, photosensitive polymers that release NO response to intensity and wavelength of light, methods of making such polymers and methods using such polymers.

Stepping It Up: Walking Behaviors In Children Transitioning From 5th To 7th Grade, Sharon E. Taverno Ross, Morgan N. Clennin, Marsha Dowda, Natalie Colabianchi, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to (1) describe children’s walking behaviors in 5th to 7th grade and change over time and (2) examine associations between walking behaviors and Walk Score®. Participants consisted of n = 586 students from the Transitions and Activity Changes in Kids (TRACK) Study. Children reported any walking behavior (e.g., exercise and transportation) over the past five days. Walk Score was calculated based on children’s home address. Descriptive statistics summarized walking behaviors by gender and time, and repeated measure mixed models examined the relationship between walking behaviors and Walk Score. Approximately 46.8% and 19.2% of 5th …

Effects Of A 60 Minute On Ice Game Simulation On The Balance Error Scoring System, Philip Cameron, Noelle C. Soltero, Justin Byers

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 462-467, 2018. Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) are common in contact sports. There is an association between mTBIs and altered motor function. BioSway technology measures individuals’ balance using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Prior to incorporating BESS testing in concussion protocol, other variables that influence the BESS test require review. The objective of this study is to determine if game fatigue in hockey players also influences the BESS score. 23 male (21.08 ± 1.09) National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes were tested using the BioSway™ (Biodex, USA). The BESS test measures the Sway …

A Real-Time Wireless Sweat Rate Measurement System For Physical Activity Monitoring, Andrew Brueck, Tashfin Iftekhar, Alicja B. Stannard, Kumar Yelamarthi, Tolga Kaya

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

There has been significant research on the physiology of sweat in the past decade, with one of the main interests being the development of a real-time hydration monitor that utilizes sweat. The contents of sweat have been known for decades; sweat provides significant information on the physiological condition of the human body. However, it is important to know the sweat rate as well, as sweat rate alters the concentration of the sweat constituents, and ultimately affects the accuracy of hydration detection. Towards this goal, a calorimetric based flow-rate detection system was built and tested to determine sweat rate in real …

An Evaluation Of Select Physical Activity Exercise Classes On Bone Metabolism, Tori M. Stone, Jonathan E. Wingo, John C. Young, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 452-461, 2018. Weight-bearing physical activity can optimize bone mass early in life and prevent the development of osteoporosis. However, less is known about the potential benefits of non-weight-bearing activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of structured physical activity classes on bone metabolism. Twenty-eight premenopausal women, aged 18–35 years who were either enrolled in a yoga class (n=14) or cardio-kickboxing class (n=14) voluntarily consented to participate. Both classes were introductory classes meeting twice per week for 50 min per session for 12 weeks. Anteroposterior spine (L1-L4), hip (dual femur), and …

Positive Youth Development And Observed Athlete Behavior In Recreational Sport, Matthew Vierimaa, Mark W. Bruner, Jean Côté

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Objectives

Competence, confidence, connection, and character are regarded as outcomes of positive youth development (PYD) in sport. However, the specific athlete behaviors associated with different PYD profiles are not well understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between athletes' observed behavior during sport competitions and their perceptions of PYD outcomes.

Design

Cross-sectional study with systematic behavioral observation.

Method

Sixty-seven youth athletes were observed during basketball games near the end of their season, and the content of their behavior was systematically coded. Athletes also completed measures of the 4 Cs (competence, confidence connection, and character). A …