Exercise Science Commons^™

Graduation Rates Of Academic Non-Qualifier, Junior College Transfers Within Ncaa Division I Men's Basketball, Michael W. Score

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.

Lower Limb Acceleration During The Block-Start Vs. Selected Power And Strength Exercises, Thomas A. Ordelt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of load changes on angular accelerations of the ankle, knee and hip joints. Accelerations were measured in the squat (S), power clean (PC) and power hang clean (PHC), and compared to the accelerations in the push-off phase of the sprint start (SS). Methods: Nine female Division I college track athletes performed block sprint-starts, single-leg squat jumps (1S0) with 0% of 1RM, squats (jump) with 0, 25, 40% of 1RM, and PC and PHC with 30, 50, 75, 100% of 1RM. The fastest trial of each exercise was analyzed for minimum …

Akt1 G205t Genotype Influences Obesity-Related Metabolic Phenotypes And Their Responses To Aerobic Exercise Training In Older Caucasians, Jennifer A. Mckenzie, Sarah Witkowski, Andrew T. Ludlow, Stephen M. Roth, James M. Hagberg

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

As part of the insulin signalling pathway, Akt influences growth and metabolism. The AKT1 gene G205T (rs1130214) polymorphism has potential functional effects. Thus, we determined whether the G205T polymorphism influences metabolic variables and their responses to aerobic exercise training. Following dietary stabilization, healthy, sedentary, 50- to 75-year-old Caucasian men (n= 51) and women (n= 58) underwent 6 months of aerobic exercise training. Before and after completing the intervention, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure percentage body fat, computed tomography to measure visceral and subcutaneous fat, and oral glucose tolerance testing to measure glucose total area under the curve (AUC), …

The Effects Of Kettlebell Training On Aerobic Capacity, Jonathan Asher Falatic

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a kettlebell training program on aerobic capacity. Seventeen female NCAA Division I collegiate soccer players (age 19.7 +1.0 years, height 166.1 +6.4 cm, weight 64.2 +8.2 kg) completed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max). Participants were placed into a kettlebell intervention (KB) group (n = 9) or a circuit weight training control (CWT) group (n = 8). Participants in the KB group completed a kettlebell snatch test to determine individual snatch repetitions. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 4 weeks in …

The Effect Of Passive Stretching And Isometric Contractions On Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness After A Typical Bout Of Exercise, John W. Gibson

Theses and Dissertations

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is a common response to activities involving lengthening contractions. Muscle inflammation is associated with DOMS and may play an integral role in protecting a muscle from damage and soreness in response to subsequent bouts of lengthening contractions. Research in animals has shown that prior exposure to passive stretching and isometric contractions of a muscle resulting in muscle inflammation attenuates the muscle inflammatory response following subsequent bouts of lengthening contractions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether passive stretching and isometric contractions in humans would reduce DOMS following a typical bout of resistance exercise. …

The Relationship Between Diet Quality And Body Composition In College Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Annette Elisabeth Perkins

Theses and Dissertations

Objective. Determine the relationship between dietary quality and body weight/composition in college women. Specific emphasis was made regarding adherence to current MyPyramid guidelines, fruit, vegetable and junk food consumption.

Design/Participants. The study used a cross-sectional design. One hundred and sixty three women were recruited to participate in the study. All participants were university students (20.4 ± 1.6 y). Diet intake was measured using the Dietary History Questionnaire (DHQ) and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was calculated to assess diet quality. Body fat percentage was assessed using the Bod Pod and BMI was calculated using height and weight measurements. Physical activity …

The Effects Of Whole Body Vibration On Strength Gains In The Bench Press, The Back Squat, And The Power Clean In Division I Football Players, Kelly S. Poppinga

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if whole body vibration effects strength gains in the bench press, the back squat, and the power clean in division 1 football players. Thirty-one NCAA Division 1 male football players volunteered for this study and were randomly assigned to a control group (C=16) or one of two vibration groups (V1=7, V2=8). Subjects followed the training program for eight weeks. A pre-test, mid-test, and post-test one repetition max was measured at 0, 4, and 8 weeks for the bench press, the back squat, and the power clean. A 3x3 factorial ANOVA revealed varied …

Measured And Estimated Ground Reaction Forces For Multi-Segment Foot Models, Dustin A. Bruening, Kevin M. Cooney, Frank L. Buczek

Faculty Publications

Accurate measurement of ground reaction forces under discrete areas of the foot is important in the development of more advanced foot models, which can improve our understanding of foot and ankle function. To overcome current equipment limitations, a few investigators have proposed combining a pressure mat with a single force platform and using a proportionality assumption to estimate subarea shear forces and free moments. In this study, two adjacent force platforms were used to evaluate the accuracy of the proportionality assumption on a three segment foot model during normal gait. Seventeen right feet were tested using a targeted walking approach, …

Effects Of Short-Term, High-Force Resistance Training On High-Intensity Exercise Capacity., Patrick Abi Nader

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of short-term high-intensity resistance training on time to exhaustion at maximal aerobic output. It was hypothesized that 2 weeks of training will induce improvements in performance at maximal aerobic output. Eighteen subjects participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to a control (n=8) or resistance training (n=10) groups. The resistance training group participated in 5 sessions of strength training over a period of 2 weeks on the leg press device. Both groups participated in pre and post intervention testing. After the intervention strength in the training group significantly increased (p=.00). …

The Relationship Between Fitness Level, Gender, And The Percentage Of Vo2 Max At Crossover, Christina Louise Pettigrew

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The “crossover” concept is a means of understanding fuel utilization over a range of exercise intensities. According to this concept, certain biochemical adaptations occur in a fit individual allowing for an increase in lipid oxidation. The present study examined whether there was a relationship between fitness level, gender, and the percentage of maximum aerobic capacity (VO2 max) at crossover. Twenty-five subjects age 18-40 participated in this study. Subjects were divided in half based on their fitness level. After completing a graded exercise test to exhaustion, the crossover point for each subject was determined relative to their VO2 max. A 2x2 …

Electromyographic Analysis Of The Infraspinatus And Deltoid Muscles During Shoulder External Rotation Exercises With And Without A Towel Roll, Kazuto Sakita

Theses and Dissertations

Standing and sidelying external rotation exercises produce high activation of the deltoid and infraspinatus. Holding a towel roll under the arm at 30° shoulder abduction during these exercises may decrease deltoid activity and increase infraspinatus activity. The objective was to determine if the addition of a towel under the arm during standing and sidelying external rotation affects EMG activity of the infraspinatus, middle and posterior deltoid, and pectoralis major, compared to the no towel condition. 20 male volunteers (age; 26 ± 3, height; 1.80 m ± .07 m, weight; 77 kg ± 10 kg) had right dominant hand, bilaterally healthy …

Kinematic Changes Of The Tennis Forehand Ground Stroke As Post Contact Ball Speed Increases, Merrill D. Funk

Theses and Dissertations

Neuromuscular and kinematic patterns during the tennis forehand have been studied extensively. However, no one has evaluated potential upper-extremity kinematic changes during the forehand as ball speed increases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in shoulder and trunk kinematics as forehand ball speed increased, in an attempt to better understand how kinematics may promote forehand ball speed. Peak trunk rotation angle, shoulder horizontal abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation angle, and corresponding angular velocities were measured between initial backswing and ball contact during forehands that were performed at three different speeds (50%, 75%, and 100% of maximal post-impact ball …

Convergent Validity Of Self Reported Physical Activity With A Seven Day Recall, Benjamin J. Silber

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Accurate assessment of physical activity is important to studies interested in the relationship between physical activity and other variables. Questionnaires are the only feasible means for large-scale sampling but such self-report measures require validation due to their inherent subjectivity. The Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) survey includes exercise items that were validated in the present investigation. A calibration study examined self-reports of exercise with two phone calls to 1,000 participants in which an interview-assisted 7-day physical activity recall was completed by a random sample of AHS-2 participants. Inter-index correlations both within the survey and between the survey and the 7-day physical …

The Effects Of Resistance Training On Strength And Body Composition In Postpartum Women, Katherine Bishop Pratt

Theses and Dissertations

The postpartum period represents a high-risk period for body weight retention and obesity. Several studies have investigated the role of aerobic exercise on postpartum weight retention and other body composition outcomes; however, there has been little attention given to resistance training in postpartum women. Thus, the purpose of this four-month randomized study was to determine the effectiveness of resistance training on strength, body composition, return to pre-pregnancy weight, and bone mineral density (BMD) in postpartum women. Sixty postpartum women were randomly assigned to either a resistance training group or a comparison group. The resistance training group participated in a progressive …

The Effect Of Resistance Training On Strength And Total Physical Activity In Postpartum Females, Tiffany Kaye Hinman

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare strength and physical activity (PA) changes in postpartum women randomly assigned to either a four-month progressive resistance training (RT) program or a four month flexibility program. Sixty healthy women between six weeks and eight months postpartum initiated the study and 43 completed the entire study. The women tended to be overweight, were all non-smokers, and most were breastfeeding (97%) at the beginning of the study. Both groups (RT and flexibility) completed training exercises twice weekly. Both groups improved in all measures of strength (RT group: leg press, P < 0.001; bench press, P < 0.001; curl-ups, P < 0.001. Flexibility group: leg press, P = 0.009; bench press, P < 0.001; curl-ups, P = 0.005); however, the RT group had higher strength gains compared to the flexibility group over time (leg press, P < 0.005; bench press, P < 0.001; curl-ups, P < 0.007). In addition, both groups increased in low back flexibility but the group*period interaction did not reach significance (P = 0.096). Light-intensity PA increased in the RT group but not the flexibility group (P < 0.05). A group*period interaction was significant for light-intensity PA time (P = 0.031) and borderline significant for sedentary time (P = 0.054). However, controlling for the number of months postpartum and weight gain during the previous pregnancy resulted in a significant interaction for sedentary time (P < 0.05). No changes were found in moderate, vigorous, or moderate to vigorous PA within or between groups over time. In conclusion, twice-weekly RT increases strength and is associated with improvements in several PA outcomes in postpartum women; however, the mechanisms for this are unclear. The training sessions and/or increased spontaneous activity may have contributed.

The Role Of Nitric Oxide, Acetylcholine, And Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide On Skin Blood Flow During In-Vivo Electrical Field Stimulation, Robert S. Thiebaud

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to characterize a novel technique to study neurogenic control of cutaneous vasodilation. We monitored skin blood flow (SkBF) during in-vivo electrical stimulation (e-stim) intended to activate cutaneous nerves and used intradermal microdialysis to deliver receptor antagonists to characterize their contribution to cutaneous vasodilation. We examined the role of acetylcholine receptors (RACh), nitric oxide (NO), and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors (RVIP) on the cutaneous vasodilation induced by e-stim in the absence of the sympathetic adrenergic nervous system. Six men and three women participated in the study. Three intradermal microdialysis probes were placed in the skin …

Relationships Between Muscle Contributions To Walking Subtasks And Functional Walking Status In Persons With Post-Stroke Hemiparesis, Allison Kinney, Carrie L. Peterson, Steven A. Kautz, Richard R. Neptune

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Walking speed is commonly used to predict stroke severity and assess functional walking status (i.e., household, limited community and community walking status) post-stroke. The underlying mechanisms that limit walking speed (and functional walking status by extension) need to be understood to improve post-stroke rehabilitation. Previous experimental studies have shown correlations between paretic plantarflexor output during the pre-swing phase and walking speed and suggest that the paretic hip flexors can compensate in some hemiparetic subjects. Modeling and simulation studies of healthy walking have shown that the ankle plantarflexors, soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius (GAS), and uniarticular hip flexors (IL) are essential contributors …

Pre-Swing Deficits In Forward Propulsion, Swing Initiation And Power Generation By Individual Muscles In Hemiparetic Walking, Carrie L. Peterson, Allison Kinney, Steven A. Kautz, Richard R. Neptune

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Clinical studies of hemiparetic walking have shown pre-swing abnormalities in the paretic leg suggesting that paretic muscle contributions to important biomechanical walking subtasks are different than those of non-disabled individuals. Three-dimensional forward dynamics simulations of two representative hemiparetic subjects with different levels of walking function classified by self-selected walking speed (i.e., limited community=0.4–0.8 m/s and community walkers=>0.8 m/s) and a speed-matched control were generated to quantify individual muscle contributions to forward propulsion, swing initiation and power generation during the pre-swing phase (i.e., double support phase proceeding toe-off). Simulation analyses identified decreased paretic soleus and gastrocnemius contributions to forward propulsion …

The Role Of Movement Scaling On Quiet Eye Duration During An Aiming Task, Michelle Sachiko Okumura

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Low Frequency Ultrasound In Transdermal Drug Delivery, Aaron M. Wells

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Determine if varying ultrasound frequency affects the delivery of 10% hydrocortisone concentrations during phonophoresis. Utilize intramuscular microdialysis probe for drug collection, thus improving the experimental model. Methods: Thirty one (10 in groups 1 and 2, 11 in group 3) healthy subjects participated in this study. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups receiving 10 minute ultrasound treatments applied to a standardized area of the gastrocnemius muscle of the right leg. The ultrasound was performed over the treated area using a 10% hydrocortisone compound mixed with standard ultrasound gel. The contralateral limb served as the control …