Exercise Science Commons^™

An Analysis Of Perception Vs. Reality In Physical Fitness And The Effect Of Fitness Testing On Physical Activity In College Students, Sarah Schwartz

2020 Honors Symposium

INTRODUCTION
• Physical fitness is important to overall health and each fitness component has certain health implications. Fitness assessments are used to predict health implications.
• College students with lower physical activity levels have higher rates of obesity and negative health outcomes
• Most colleges students do not meet recommendations for physical activity despite knowing the benefits

OBJECTIVES
• Assess the degree that perceptions of fitness are associated with measured fitness (1)
• To find out if and how intentions and behaviors change over time after receiving the results of a standardized fitness assessment. (2)

Validity And Reliability Of Temperature Sensing Devices During And Following Exercise In The Heat, Olivia M. Covin

2020 Honors Symposium

Background: Exertional heat stroke is a danger for athletes that participate in outdoor and indoor sports and can be fatal if not recognized and treated properly. Oral temperature is commonly used to assess an athleteʼs temperature during exercise, but previous research suggests it may be an invalid and unreliable measurement of core temperature. A company recently designed a mouth guard prototype that changes color when core temperature reaches a specific threshold.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the color-changing mouth guard when the user reaches a core temperature of 39°C. I hypothesized …

Effects Of An 8-Week Basketball-Specific Proprioceptive Training With A Single-Plane Instability Balance Platform, Aurelijus Domeika, Agne Slapšinskait˙E, Selen Razon, Laimonas Šiupšinskas, Irina Kliziene˙, Milda Dubosiene˙

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: To avoid injuries in basketball players, they are recommended to pay more attention to improve their body balance. Therefore new training methods and equipment need to be devised. This study examined the effects of an 8-week basketball-specific proprioception training program while using a new developed one plane instability balance board during warm-up for improving balance ability in basketball players. Players who obtained basketball-specific balance training were compared to a control group. METHODS: Thirty-one male university basketball players (age: 21.35, SD = 0.605 years; height: 190.97, SD = 1.88; body mass: 86.95, SD = 2.61) participated in this study. Seventeen …

Appetite-Regulating Hormones In Energy Compensation With Exercise, Jack Moreland

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Background: The appetite-regulating hormones may influence compensatory increases in energy intake with exercise, although this causal relationship has been difficult to prove in a longitudinal trial.

Methods: 37 participants (29 female) aged 18 to 40 years performed aerobic exercise 6 days (6d), 2 days (2d), or 0 days per week for 12-weeks. Concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and insulin were assessed before (fasting, minute 0) and after a standardized meal at minute 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. Linear mixed-effects models were used to model the relationships between time point (12 weeks vs. baseline) …

Acute Physiological Responses To Arm-Cranking With Blood Flow Restriction, Benjamin Cockfield

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Physiological responses to aerobic blood flow restriction exercise (BFR) are well documented for lower-body exercise but not upper-body exercise. I evaluated cardiorespiratory (heart rate, VO2, RER, ventilation), metabolic (tissue saturation, deoxyhemoglobin concentrations), and perceptual (effort, pain) responses to arm cranking with BFR at varying arterial occlusion pressures (AOP). Ten adults performed 4 intermittent arm cranking protocols (6x2-min, 1-min recovery): 1) low load (LL) – 40%VO2peak and 0% AOP; high load (HL) – 80%VO2peak and 0% AOP; (BFR50) – 40%VO2peak with 50% AOP; (BFR70) – 40%VO2peak with 70% AOP. Heart rate, RER, and ventilation, were higher with BFR compared to LL …

Sensorimotor Function In Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, Jules D. Miehm, John Buonaccorsi, Jongil Lim, Sumire Sato, Caitlin Rajala, Julianna Averill, Farnaz Khalighinejad, Carolina Ionete, Stephanie L. Jones, Jane A. Kent, Richard E.A. Van Emmerik

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Background: A sensitive test reflecting subtle sensorimotor changes throughout disease progression independent of mobility impairment is currently lacking in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: We examined non-ambulatory measures of upper and lower extremity sensorimotor function that may reveal differences between relapsing–remitting and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.

Methods: Cutaneous sensitivity, proprioception, central motor function and mobility were assessed in 32 relapsing–remitting and 31 progressive multiple sclerosis patients and 30 non-multiple sclerosis controls.

Results: Cutaneous sensation differed between relapsing–remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis at the foot and to a lesser extent the hand. Proprioception function in the upper but not the lower …

Reduced Frontopolar Brain Activation Characterizes Concussed Athletes With Balance Deficits, I. Helmich, J. Coenen, S. Henckert, E. Pardalis, S. Schupp, H. Lausberg

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Objectives: Athletes with sport-related concussions (SRC) often demonstrate deficits in postural stability. Lower cerebral blood flow in frontal cortices has been documented in athletes with symptoms after SRC, however, it is unclear if functional brain oxygenation during postural control tasks is reduced in symptomatic athletes after SRC in the same manner. We therefore compared brain oxygenation patterns in frontal cortices of symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes with SRC during postural control tasks with the hypothesis that symptomatic athletes are characterized by reduced functional brain oxygenation during postural control. Methods: 62 concussed athletes (n = 31 symptomatic, n = 31 asymptomatic) were …

Anaerobic Capacity Measures In Healthy Active Adults Ages 18-29: Normative Reference Values And Differences Between Sex, Dylan E. Roberts

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The purpose of this study was to develop normative reference values for the modified Anaerobic Speed Test (mAST), an anaerobic capacity test that can be administered and completed on a commercial treadmill. The mAST of 15% grade has been created as one of the only protocols based on the original AST protocol of 20% grade. However, no percentile norms currently exist for this protocol, limiting its usefulness and interpretation of results. This paper presents normative values for active healthy adults ages 18-29, separated by sex. The sample consisted of 276 active healthy volunteers (161 men and 115 women). All mASTs …

Comparing Knee Joint Mechanics Across Phases Of The Menstrual Cycle, Bethany Kilpatrick

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most commonly occurring knee injury. Compared to men in the same sports, females are two to eight times at higher risk for ACL injury. Research suggests that hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle (MC) play a crucial role in ACL injuries due to their effect on tendons and ligament's mechanical properties. PURPOSE: To examine knee joint laxity during dynamic movements across three-time points of the MC. METHODS: Seven young, healthy females with regular MCs performed three jump-landing tasks (double leg depth jump, single-leg lateral jump, and single-leg forward jump) across the early-follicular, …

The Effects Of Acute Photobiomodulation On Anaerobic Exercise Performance, Jillian Danielle Forsey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Optimal performance in sport requires a balance between training stress and recovery. Therapeutic modalities that allow athletes to maintain this balance while training hard are in high demand, but many lack research. Photobiomodulation is a red and near-infrared light therapy that is proposed to enhance exercise performance and hasten recovery. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute whole body photobiomodulation, applied pre-exercise, on anaerobic exercise performance.

Forty-eight healthy, active subjects participated in this single-blind, crossover study. Subjects visited the lab three times to complete a repeat Wingate test, with one week between each visit. All …

Lower Extremity Stiffness In Collegiate Distance Runners Pre- And Post-Competition, Jake Tavernite, Matthew F. Moran

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Previous evidence has suggested that there is a relationship between leg stiffness and improved running performance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine how leg stiffness of runners was influenced in the 24 and 48 hour period following a cross country race. Twenty-two collegiate cross-country runners (13 males, 9 females, 19.5 ± 1.4 yr) were recruited and participated in the study. Leg stiffness was assessed 24 hours before and after a race as well as 48 hours post-race. Three jumping protocols were conducted: 1) a static jump, 2) a countermovement jump, and 3) a vertical hopping test. Two embedded …

Emphasizing Task-Specific Hypertrophy To Enhance Sequential Strength And Power Performance, S. Kyle Travis, Ai Ishida, Christopher B. Taber, Andrew C. Fry, Michael Henry Stone

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

While strength is indeed a skill, most discussions have primarily considered structural adaptations rather than ultrastructural augmentation to improve performance. Altering the structural component of the muscle is often the aim of hypertrophic training, yet not all hypertrophy is equal; such alterations are dependent upon how the muscle adapts to the training stimuli and overall training stress. When comparing bodybuilders to strength and power athletes such as powerlifters, weightlifters, and throwers, while muscle size may be similar, the ability to produce force and power is often inequivalent. Thus, performance differences go beyond structural changes and may be due to the …

Comparison Of Lower Extremity Strength And Strength Symmetry Among U.S. Ski Team Sports, Benjamin J. Adams

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Most research in ski sports performance, injury, and sport physiological demands focuses on alpine ski racing. Very little research is available describing aerial and moguls ski competitors. Purpose: Compare lower extremity strength limb symmetry index (LSI) and relative strength (RS) among alpine, mogul, and aerials ski competitors. Methods: Archival data from 156 males and females from the U.S. Ski Team at Olympic, World Cup, and national levels were analyzed to compare RS and LSI among ski sports. Strength data consisted of maximal isometric bilateral squat strength values from each leg independently. A 3x2x2 factorial ANOVA was conducted to determine differences …

Effects Of A Strength Training Intervention And Quality Of Life: Case Study On A Sedentary Adult Female, Lucas Frazier

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of the project is to evaluate physiological and quality of life changes in a

sedentary, senior-aged (55 or older) female using a six-week strength training

intervention. This case study will instruct how to perform a push-pull-legs split

routine by going to the gym three times per week. Prior to the six week intervention,

both quantitative and qualitative variables will be collected to assess baseline data,

including the subject’s resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, grip strength, one-

repetition maximum on seven whole body exercises (dumbbell bicep curl, tricep

pushdown, barbell bench press, wide-grip lat pull-down, seated dumbbell press, …

Examining The Effect Of Exercise Intensity On Post-Exercise Hypotension In Middle-Aged Adults, Seth F. Mccarthy

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Acute bouts of exercise have a transient lowering effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the hours after termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH). While moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is effective in reducing BP acutely, little is known regarding the effects of higher intensity exercise. This study examined the effects of different exercise intensities on PEH. Six participants (females: 4; age: 48±9 y, Mean arterial pressure: 84±8 mmHg) had their BP measured before and both immediately post- (<2 h) and for 24 h following 4 experimental sessions: 1) 30 min MICT (65% V̇O_2max); 2) 20 min high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 10 x 1 min @ 90% HR_max with 1 …

Biomarkers Of Inflammation In Heart Failure Patients With Reduced And Preserved Ejection Fractions: Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Michelle Lynne Stone

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Purpose Examine the relationships between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 (sTNF-R1) and the cumulative risk of heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fractions in a diverse, population-based sample. Methods Study sample included 6,814 adult (45-84 years of age) men and women who participated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with elevated baseline hs-CRP (> 3-10 mg/L), IL-6 (> 75^th percentile) and sTNF-R1 (> 75^th percentile) and risk of overall …

Biomechanical Comparison Of "Old" And "New" Cheer Shoes In Collegiate Cheerleaders, Abigail C. Johnson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: The sport of cheerleading requires that athletes perform with a high degree of flexibility, strength, endurance, and balance. The leading injury in cheerleading is a lateral, inversion, ankle sprain. As footwear serves as an interface between the foot and the surrounding environment, characteristics of shoes should be monitored to determine the effects on proprioceptive communication. No previous literature was found that examined the biomechanical differences between “Old” and “New” shoes in collegiate cheerleaders. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical differences exhibited by collegiate cheerleaders while performing balance testing and step-down, landing tasks in “old” …

The Relationship Between Glucose Levels And Physical Activity, Rebecca Eberle

2020 Honors Symposium

INTRODUCTION
• Elevated glucose levels can increase the risk for disease
• Physical activity behaviors are associated with glucose levels
• Limited research on young adults and their glucose levels compared to activity

OBJECTIVES
• To complete a cross sectional study and determine associations between fasting glucose with physical activity, and fitness

An Ecological Momentary Assessment Of Self-Improved And Self-Evaluation Body Comparisons: Associations With College Women's Body Dissatisfaction And Exercise, Rachel I. Macintyre, Kristin E. Heron, Abby L. Braitman, Danielle Arigo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Upward body comparisons are prevalent among college women and associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, less is known about distinguishing features of the comparisons themselves as they occur in daily life. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether two types of upward body comparisons previously studied experimentally (self-improvement and self-evaluation) are differentially associated with body- and exercise-related outcomes in real-life settings using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Undergraduate women (N = 74) between 18-25 years (Mage = 20.4, SD = 1.63) completed five surveys on smartphones daily for seven days. EMA measures …

Effects Of An Acute Session Of High- Vs Low-Load Resistance Training Exercise On Energy Balance, Daniel Grisebach, Derek Pd Bornath, Abigail A. Broad, Seth F. Mccarthy, Tom J. Hazell

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study examined the effect of an acute session of low-load high-volume resistance training versus a more traditional high-load low-volume session on energy balance (EB). Five recreationally active males (age: 24±3 y; BMI: 25.8±1.5 kgm^-2) completed three different sessions: 1) high-load (90% 1RM); 2) low-load (30% 1RM); and 3) CTRL (no exercise). Gas exchange (V̇O₂), blood lactate, and subjective appetite perceptions were measured before each session, as well as at 0, 1, and 2 h post-exercise. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the quadriceps, pectorals, hamstrings, deltoids, and latissimus dorsi was measured at 24 and 48 …