The Conquest Of Milk: The Rise Of Lactase Persistence And The Fall Of Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers,
2022
James Madison University
The Conquest Of Milk: The Rise Of Lactase Persistence And The Fall Of Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherers, Nicholas Mays
James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)
Over half of the global human population suffers from lactase nonpersistence, a condition marked by losing the ability to digest lactose after infancy. However, a minority of the global population, primarily located in Central and Northern Europe, has a genetic mutation that results in lactase persistence, which is the continued ability to process lactose after infancy. This interdisciplinary analysis blends archaeology, cultural anthropology, evolutionary biology, and archaeogenetics to explore the origin and rise of lactase persistence in Europe and its contribution to the end of hunter-gatherer societies in Scandinavia. Furthermore, the paper uses gene-culture coevolutionary theory to argue that lactase …
The Evolving Privacy And Security Concerns For Genomic Data Analysis And Sharing As Observed From The Idash Competition,
2022
The Texas Medical Center Library
The Evolving Privacy And Security Concerns For Genomic Data Analysis And Sharing As Observed From The Idash Competition, Tsung-Ting Kuo, Xiaoqian Jiang, Haixu Tang, Xiaofeng Wang, Arif Harmanci, Miran Kim, Kai Post, Diyue Bu, Tyler Bath, Jihoon Kim, Weijie Liu, Hongbo Chen, Lucila Ohno-Machado
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Concerns regarding inappropriate leakage of sensitive personal information as well as unauthorized data use are increasing with the growth of genomic data repositories. Therefore, privacy and security of genomic data have become increasingly important and need to be studied. With many proposed protection techniques, their applicability in support of biomedical research should be well understood. For this purpose, we have organized a community effort in the past 8 years through the integrating data for analysis, anonymization and sharing consortium to address this practical challenge. In this article, we summarize our experience from these competitions, report lessons learned from the events …
A Pooling Strategy For Detecting Carbapenem Resistance Genes By The Xpert Carba-R Test In Rectal Swab Specimens,
2022
Cepheid
A Pooling Strategy For Detecting Carbapenem Resistance Genes By The Xpert Carba-R Test In Rectal Swab Specimens, Fred C. Tenover, Peng Zhang, Qi Wang, Chaoe Zhou, Feifei Zhang, Xinghui Gao, Yi-Wei Tang, Hui Wang
Biology Faculty Publications
Rapid and accurate detection of carriers of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO) in hospitalized patients is critical for infection control and prevention. This study aimed to evaluate a pooling strategy for the detection of carbapenem resistance genes (CRG) in multiple specimens using the Xpert Carba-R test. Two rectal swabs each were collected from 415 unique patients. One swab was tested by Carba-R on the five specimen-pooled strategy. The other swab was tested individually by culture followed by DNA sequence analysis for CRG as the reference. At the first 5:1 pooling testing, 22 of 83 pools were positive, which yielded 34 positives from …
Spatiotemporal Transcriptome Diversity And Responses To Salinity Tolerance In The Extremophyte Schrenkiella Parvula,
2022
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Spatiotemporal Transcriptome Diversity And Responses To Salinity Tolerance In The Extremophyte Schrenkiella Parvula, Chathura Wijesinghege
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Schrenkiella parvula is an extremophyte model related to the most widely studied plant model, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crops in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It can thrive in highly saline environments where the soil is enriched in Na+, K+, Li+, borates, and chlorides. Understanding how this extremophyte can survive high salinity with genomic adaptations can provide insight into developing stress resilient crops in the future. Gene expression of S. parvula in response to salt has been investigated using shoot and root tissue from mature vegetative-phase plants. However, prior studies have not examined the transcript …
Model-Free Identification Of Relevant Variables From Response Data,
2022
University of Dayton
Model-Free Identification Of Relevant Variables From Response Data, Alan Veliz-Cuba, David Murrugarra
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
Unraveling The Complex Interactions Between Members Of The Schistosoma Haematobium Group And Bulinus Snails In And Around Lake Victoria In West Kenya,
2022
University of New Mexico
Unraveling The Complex Interactions Between Members Of The Schistosoma Haematobium Group And Bulinus Snails In And Around Lake Victoria In West Kenya, Caitlin Raiselle Babbitt
Biology ETDs
Schistosoma haematobium, the agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, and related schistosomes are transmitted by members of the genus Bulinus. Each of the 38 Bulinus species vary in their ability to vector schistosome species and non-schistosome trematodes resulting in a patchwork of snail-parasite compatibilities. Accurately identifying snail intermediate hosts and the disease-causing parasites they transmit is critical for snail control strategies and the management of human schistosomiasis. Towards these ends, this thesis identifies bulinid species and the parasites they transmit and implicates certain species in the transmission of S. haematobium. The thesis also includes a systematic review of methods …
Inactivation Of Salmonella In Nonintact Beef During Low-Temperature Sous
Vide Cooking,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Inactivation Of Salmonella In Nonintact Beef During Low-Temperature Sous Vide Cooking, Heather B. Hunt, Samuel C. Watson, Byron D. Chaves, Gary Sullivan
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Sous vide cooking is a method of food preparation in which food is vacuum sealed and cooked in a water bath that is set to a precise temperature and circulated by a sous vide device. Due to ease of use and affordability, this cooking method has grown increasingly popular in food service kitchens and domestic settings. However, low‐temperature, long holding time sous vide cooking recommendations from manufacturers and chefs in popular press raise food safety concerns – specifically those for the preparation of nonintact beef products. The objective of this experiment was to address these concerns by validating a 5 …
The “Big Six”: Hidden Emerging Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens,
2022
King Abdulaziz University
The “Big Six”: Hidden Emerging Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, Mona G. Alharbi, Rashad R. Al-Hindi, Ahmed Esmael, Ibrahim A. Alotibi, Sheren A. Azhari, Mazen S. Alseghayer, Addisu D. Teklemariam
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are emerging serogroups that often result in diseases ranging from diarrhea to severe hemorrhagic colitis in humans. The most common non-O157 STEC are O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145. These serogroups are known by the name “big six” because they cause severe illness and death in humans and the United States Department of Agriculture declared these serogroups as food contaminants. The lack of fast and efficient diagnostic methods exacerbates the public impact of the disease caused by these serogroups. Numerous outbreaks have been reported globally and most of these outbreaks were caused by …
Evaluation Of Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics,
And Methane And Co2
Emissions Of Growing And Finishing
Cattle Raised In Extensive Or Partial-Intensive Cow-Calf
Production Systems,
2022
North Dakota State University
Evaluation Of Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Methane And Co2 Emissions Of Growing And Finishing Cattle Raised In Extensive Or Partial-Intensive Cow-Calf Production Systems, Zachary E. Carlson, Levi J. Mcphillips, Rick R. Stowell, Galen E. Erickson, Mary E. Drewnoski, Jim C. Macdonald
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
An experiment was conducted over 2 yr to measure performance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of weaned calves from two cow-calf production systems. Crossbred steers and heifers (n = 270, initial body weight (BW) = 207 kg, SD = 35) were used in a randomized complete block design, with treatments applied to the cow-calf system. Treatments were: 1) a traditional system consisting of April to June calving with smooth bromegrass pasture and grazed corn residue as forage resources (TRAD); 2) an alternative system consisting of July to September calving utilizing partial-drylot feeding, summer-planted oats, and corn residue grazing (ALT). …
Cell Size Control Mechanisms In The Multiple Fission Cell Cycle Of Chlamydomonas,
2022
University of Missouri-St. Louis
Cell Size Control Mechanisms In The Multiple Fission Cell Cycle Of Chlamydomonas, Dianyi Liu
Dissertations
Size homeostasis is achieved by a balance between cell growth and cell division, but the underlying mechanisms are yet fully understood. Green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas) is a unique model for size control. Instead of the canonical binary fission cell cycle, Chlamydomonas uses a multiple fission cell cycle where a prolonged G1 phase is followed by rapid alternative n rounds of S/M (DNA synthesis and mitosis) cycles to produce 2n daughter cells. Two size checkpoints show size-dependence: the Commitment checkpoint governs a minimum size for a cell to divide at least once, and the S/M checkpoint governs the division …
Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci (Qtls) For Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Streak: Xanthomonas Translucens Using Qtl And Association Mapping In Three Populations Of Soft Red Winter Wheat,
2022
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci (Qtls) For Resistance To Bacterial Leaf Streak: Xanthomonas Translucens Using Qtl And Association Mapping In Three Populations Of Soft Red Winter Wheat, Benjamin Tyler Meritt
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) and black chaff, caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu), can be a very destructive disease of wheat, especially in the warmer, wetter areas of the Southeastern U.S. Yield losses of up to 40 percent have been recorded in some cases in southern wheat growing regions. With no effective agronomic or chemical method of disease control, identification of genetic resistance is seen as a promising solution. Three soft red winter wheat populations (GAWN, ARK-SNP, and AGS 2060- AGS 2035 DH) representative of soft red winter wheat germplasm in the southeastern U.S. developed by …
Temporal Trends In Lipoprotein(A) Concentrations: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study,
2022
Baylor College of Medicine, United States
Temporal Trends In Lipoprotein(A) Concentrations: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Matthew R. Deshotels, Caroline Sun, Vijay Nambi, Salim S. Virani, Kunihiro Matsushita, Bing Yu, Christie . M. Ballantyne, Ron C. Hoogeveen
Office of the Provost
Background: Plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) concentrations are primarily determined by genetic factors and are believed to remain stable throughout life. However, data are scarce on longitudinal trends in Lp(a) concentrations over time. Therefore, it is unclear whether measurement of Lp(a) once in a person's life is sufficient for cardiovascular risk assessment in all adults.
Methods and Results: Lp(a) concentrations, specifically apolipoprotein(a) concentrations, were measured at visits 4 and 5, ≈15 years apart, in 4734 adult participants of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study (mean age at visits 4 and 5, 60.7±5.1 and 75.5±5.2 years, respectively). Participants were categorized by baseline …
The Effect Of Corn Silage Hybrid And Inclusion On
Performance Of Finishing Steers And Silage Hybrid Effects On
Digestibility And Performance Of Growing Steers,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Effect Of Corn Silage Hybrid And Inclusion On Performance Of Finishing Steers And Silage Hybrid Effects On Digestibility And Performance Of Growing Steers, F. Henry Hilscher, Curt J. Bittner, Jana L. Gramkow, Melissa L. Jollyy-Breithaupt, Mitch M. Norman, Hannah C. Wilson, Andrea K. Watson, James C. Macdonald, John N. Anderson, Galen E. Erickson
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Three experiments evaluated the effects of three corn silage hybrids, inclusion, and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing diets. The three hybrids tested included a control (CON), a hybrid containing a brown midrib (bm3) trait (BM3), and an experimental bm3 hybrid with the soft endosperm trait (BM3-SOFT). Experiment 1 utilized 360 crossbred steers (body weight [BW] = 334; SD = 25 kg) to evaluate inclusion of silage in a finishing diet at (15% or 45% of diet dry matter [DM]) and silage hybrid (CON, BM3, or BM3-SOFT). Experiment 2 and 3 utilized 216 crossbred steers (BW = 324; SD = …
A Multi-Omics Framework Reveals Strawberry Flavor Genes And Their Regulatory Elements,
2022
The Texas Medical Center Library
A Multi-Omics Framework Reveals Strawberry Flavor Genes And Their Regulatory Elements, Zhen Fan, Denise M Tieman, Steven J Knapp, Philipp Zerbe, Randi Famula, Christopher R Barbey, Kevin M Folta, Rodrigo R Amadeu, Manbo Lee, Youngjae Oh, Seonghee Lee, Vance M Whitaker
Faculty, Staff and Student Publications
Flavor is essential to consumer preference of foods and is an increasing focus of plant breeding programs. In fruit crops, identifying genes underlying volatile organic compounds has great promise to accelerate flavor improvement, but polyploidy and heterozygosity in many species have slowed progress. Here we use octoploid cultivated strawberry to demonstrate how genomic heterozygosity, transcriptomic intricacy and fruit metabolomic diversity can be treated as strengths and leveraged to uncover fruit flavor genes and their regulatory elements. Multi-omics datasets were generated including an expression quantitative trait loci map with 196 diverse breeding lines, haplotype-phased genomes of a highly-flavored breeding selection, a …
Successful Use Of Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Blocks In A Patient With Variant Angina After Large Ventral Hernia Repair,
2022
The Texas Medical Center Library
Successful Use Of Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Blocks In A Patient With Variant Angina After Large Ventral Hernia Repair, Alexandra L Belfar, Yi Deng, Raymond C Yu, Annas Sabbagh
Faculty, Staff and Students Publications
Coronary artery spasm constitutes the primary underlying pathology of variant angina. Because provocation of coronary artery spasm may occur with both excess sympathetic and excess parasympathetic stimulation, patients with this disorder have extremely limited options for perioperative pain control. This is especially true for procedures involving extensive abdominal incision/manipulation. Whereas neuraxial analgesia might otherwise be appropriate in these cases, several studies have demonstrated that coronary artery spasm can occur as a result of epidural placement, and therefore, that this may not be an optimal choice for patients with variant angina. This report discusses the case of a patient with a …
Lord Of The Z-Rings: Uncovering The Role Of Mraz And Ftsl In Bacillus Subtilis Cell Division,
2022
University of South Florida
Lord Of The Z-Rings: Uncovering The Role Of Mraz And Ftsl In Bacillus Subtilis Cell Division, Maria Louise White
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Cell division is a complex and highly orchestrated process that requires careful coordination. The process of cell division in prokaryotes primarily occurs via binary fission, where one mother cell becomes two genetically identically and equally sized daughter cells. In most bacteria a key protein, FtsZ, forms a FtsZ ring (Z-ring) to mark the division site and recruit proteins involved in cytokinesis. Whilst much has been learned about the contents and assembly of the divisome in model organisms such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis factors governing the regulation of divisome are much more poorly understood. …
Identification And Characterization Of Epicuticular Proteins Of Nematodes Sharing Motifs With Cuticular Proteins Of Arthropods,
2022
University of Neuchâtel
Identification And Characterization Of Epicuticular Proteins Of Nematodes Sharing Motifs With Cuticular Proteins Of Arthropods, Bruno Betschart, Marco Bisoffi, Ferial Alaeddine
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
Specific collagens and insoluble proteins called cuticlins are major constituents of the nematode cuticles. The epicuticle, which forms the outermost electron-dense layer of the cuticle, is composed of another category of insoluble proteins called epicuticlins. It is distinct from the insoluble cuticlins localized in the cortical layer and the fibrous ribbon underneath lateral alae. Our objective was to identify and characterize genes and their encoded proteins forming the epicuticle. The combination between previously obtained laboratory results and recently made available data through the whole-genome shotgun contigs (WGS) and the transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) sequencing projects of Ascaris suum allowed us …
Rescue Of Deficits By Brwd1 Copy Number Restoration In The Ts65dn Mouse Model Of Down Syndrome,
2022
Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine
Rescue Of Deficits By Brwd1 Copy Number Restoration In The Ts65dn Mouse Model Of Down Syndrome, Sasha L. Fulton, Wendy Wenderski, Ashley E. Lepack, Andrew L. Eagle, Tomas Fanutza, Ryan M. Bastle, Aarthi Ramakrishnan, Emma C. Hays, Arianna Neal, Jaroslav Bendl, Lorna A. Farrelly, Amni Al-Kachak, Yang Lyu, Bulent Cetin, Jennifer C. Chan, Tina N. Tran, Rachael L. Neve, Randall J. Roper, Kristen J. Brennand, Panos Roussos, John C. Schimenti, Allyson K. Friedman, Li Shen, Robert D. Blitzer, Alfred J. Robison, Gerald R. Crabtree, Ian Maze
Publications and Research
With an incidence of ~1 in 800 births, Down syndrome (DS) is the most com- mon chromosomal condition linked to intellectual disability worldwide. While the genetic basis of DS has been identified as a triplication of chromosome 21 (HSA21), the genes encoded from HSA 21 that directly contribute to cognitive de fi cits remain incompletely understood. Here, we found that the HSA21- encoded chromatin effector, BRWD1, was upregulated in neurons derived from iPS cells from an individual with Down syndrome and brain of trisomic mice. We showed that selective copy number restoration of Brwd1 in trisomic animals rescued de fi …
Design And Development Of
A Broiler Mortality Removal Robot,
2022
Iowa State University, The University of Georgia
Design And Development Of A Broiler Mortality Removal Robot, Guoming Li, Gary Daniel Chesser, Joseph L. Purswell, Christopher L. Magee, Richard S. Gates, Yijie Xiong
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Manual collection of broiler mortality is time-consuming, unpleasant, and laborious. The objectives of this research were: (1) to design and fabricate a broiler mortality removal robot from commercially available components to automatically collect dead birds; (2) to compare and evaluate deep learning models and image processing algorithms for detecting and locating dead birds; and (3) to examine detection and mortality pickup performance of the robot under different light intensities. The robot consisted of a two-finger gripper, a robot arm, a camera mounted on the robot’s arm, and a computer controller. The robot arm was mounted on a table, and 64 …
Radiation Exposure Determination In A Secure, Cloud-Based Online Environment,
2022
Cytognomix Inc
Radiation Exposure Determination In A Secure, Cloud-Based Online Environment, Ben C. Shirley, Eliseos J. Mucaki, Peter Rogan
Biochemistry Publications
Rapid sample processing and interpretation of estimated exposures will be critical for triaging exposed individuals after a major radiation incident. The dicentric chromosome (DC) assay assesses absorbed radiation using metaphase cells from blood. The Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator System (ADCI) identifies DCs and determines radiation doses. This study aimed to broaden accessibility and speed of this system, while protecting data and software integrity. ADCI Online is a secure web-streaming platform accessible worldwide from local servers. Cloud-based systems containing data and software are separated until they are linked for radiation exposure estimation. Dose estimates are identical to ADCI …
