Genetics Commons^™

Meiothermus Ruber Mrub_0320 Gene Is An Ortholog Of The B3452 Gene, Mrub_0321 Gene Is An Ortholog Of The B3451 Gene, Mrub_0322 Gene Is An Ortholog Of The B3453 Gene, Mrub_2366 Gene Is An Ortholog Of The B3450 Gene Found In Escherichia Coli, Which Encode For Components Of An Abc Transporter Involved In Sn-Glycerol - 3-Phosphate, Jenna Hall, Dr. Lori Scott

Meiothermus ruber Genome Analysis Project

In this project we investigated the biological function of the genes mrub_0320, mrub_0321, mrub_0322, and mrub_2366 (KEGG map number 02010). We predict these genes encode components of a sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (ABC) transporter: 1) mrub_0320 (DNA coordinates 288469..289401) encodes the permease component (aka transmembrane domain), predicted to be an ortholog; 2) mrub_0321 (DNA coordinates 289394..290218) encodes another permease domain, and also contains a transcriptional regular; ATP-binding domain (aka nucleotide binding domain); 3) mrub_0322 (DNA coordinates 290234..291541) encodes the solute binding protein; and 4) mrub_2366 (DNA coordinates 2418207..2419352 on the reverse strand) encodes for an ATP-binding domain for multiple sugar-related ABC transport systems …

Obesity, Noah Rhodes

Global Issues in Public Health

Obesity is a worldwide issue that can be defined as a non-communicable condition which means that it is non-infectious and non-transmissible and it is defined as having a BMI over 30 even though BMI doesn’t account for the person’s muscle mass which causes some athletes to be considered obese just because they weigh a lot for their height. Diagnosing obesity can be a long process which includes a health history being taken, a general physical exam, calculation of BMI, and measuring waist circumference. Diagnosis of obesity also involves checking for problems such as high blood pressure, variation of cholesterol levels …

Macrophage Sensing Of Single- Walled Carbon Nanotubes Via Toll- Like Receptors, Sourav P. Mukherjee, Olesja Bondarenko, Pekka Kohonen, Fernando T. Andon, Tana Brzicova, Isabel Gessner, Sanjay Mathur, Massimo Bottini, Paolo Calligari, Lorenzo Stella, Elena Kisin, Anna Shvedova, Reija Autio, Heli Salminen-Mankonen, Ritta Lahesmaa, Bengt Fadeel

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Carbon-based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to trigger

inflammation. However, how these materials are ‘sensed’ by immune cells is not known. Here we compared the effects of two carbon-based nanomaterials, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Genome-wide transcriptomics assessment was performed at sub-cytotoxic doses. Pathway analysis of the microarray data revealed pronounced effects on chemokine-encoding genes in macrophages exposed to SWCNTs, but not in response to GO, and these results were validated by multiplex array-based cytokine and chemokine profiling. Conditioned medium from SWCNT-exposed cells acted as a chemoattractant for dendritic cells. …

Spontaneous Dna Damage To The Nuclear Genome Promotes Senescence, T Redox Imbalance And Aging, Andria R. Robinson, Matthew J. Yousefzadeh, Tania A. Rozgaja, Jin Wang, Xuesen Li, Jeremy S. Tilstra, Chelsea H. Feldman, Siobhan Q. Gregg, Caroline H. Johnson, Erin M. Skoda, Marie-Celine Frantz, Harris Bell-Temin, Hannah Pope-Varsalona, Aditi U. Gurkar, Luigi A. Nasto, Rena A.S. Robinson, Heike Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg, Jolanta Czerwinska, Sara J. Mcgowan, Nadiezhda Cantu-Madellin, Jamie B. Harris, Salony Maniar, Mark A. Ross, Christy E. Trussoni, Nicholas F. Larusso, Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano, Patrick J. Pagano, Barbara Tudek, Nam V. Vo, Lora H. Rigatti, Patricia L. Opresko, Donna B. Stolz, Simon C. Watkins, Christin E. Burd, Claudette M. St, Croix, Gary Siuzdak, Nathan A. Yates, Paul D. Robbins, Yinsheng Wang, Peter Wipf, Eric E. Kelley, Laura J. Neidernhofer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Accumulation of senescent cells over time contributes to aging and age-related diseases. However, what drives senescence in vivo is not clear. Here we used a genetic approach to determine if spontaneous nuclear DNA damage is sufficient to initiate senescence in mammals. Ercc1-/Δ mice with reduced expression of ERCC1-XPF endonuclease have impaired capacity to repair the nuclear genome. Ercc1-/Δ mice accumulated spontaneous, oxidative DNA damage more rapidly than wild-type (WT) mice. As a consequence, senescent cells accumulated more rapidly in Ercc1-/Δ mice compared to repair-competent animals. However, the levels of DNA damage and senescent cells in Ercc1-/Δ mice never exceeded that …

Understanding Genetic Disorders: A Case Of 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency, Hannah Peterson, Neikelyn Burgos- Tirado, Jiayan Liu, Richard Auchus

Summer Research

The adrenal glands contain a complex enzyme system that modifies cholesterol into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of autosomal recessive diseases that occur when the genes that encode for the enzymes of cortisol biosynthesis are mutated. One example of CAH is 17- hydroxylase deficiency, (17OHD). In 17OHD, Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) is dysfunctional. CYP17A1 is essential for cortisol and sex steroid production; when CYP17A1 is mutated, its reagents divert into mineralocorticoid production. Some classic symptoms of 17OHD include hypertension, hypokalemia, low cortisol levels, and sexual infantilism. The purpose of this study was …

Studies Of Norspermidine Uptake In Drosophila Suggest The Existence Of Multiple Polyamine Transport Pathways, Michael Dieffenbach

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Polyamines are a class of essential nutrients involved in many basic cellular processes such as gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Without polyamines, cell growth is delayed or halted. Cancerous cells require an abundance of polyamines through a combination of synthesis and transport from the extracellular environment. An FDA-approved drug, D,L-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), blocks polyamine synthesis but is ineffective at inhibiting cell growth due to polyamine transport. Thus, there is a need to develop drugs that inhibit polyamine transport to use in combination with DFMO. Surprisingly, little is known about the polyamine transport system in humans and other eukaryotes. Understanding the …

Analysis Of The Transcription Factors Expressed In The Mature Seed Embryos Of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Using Rna-Sequencing And De Novo Transcriptome Assembly, Vivian A. Panes, R.D Baoas

Biology Faculty Publications

Moringa oleifera Lam. is well known for its numerous documented properties, particularly its significant applications in nutrition, therapeutics, biocontrol, energy, and bioremediation. These properties are the consequences of the vibrant physiological processes of the plant in the context of the ever-changing biotic and abiotic factors, in which transcription factors play substantial roles. Transcription factors (TFs) are the regulators of gene expression. Transcription factors enable the activation or repression of transcription. Along with the advent of ultrahighthroughput sequencing technologies such as RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), in combination with bioinformatics techniques, the investigation of the TFs of M. oleifera was made possible. This …

Role Of Glycerol-3-Phosphate Permeases In Plant Defense, Juliana Moreira Soares

Theses and Dissertations--Plant Pathology

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a type of plant defense mechanism that is induced after a localized infection and confers broad-spectrum immunity against related or unrelated pathogens. During SAR, a number of chemical signals and proteins generated at the site of primary infection travel to the uninfected tissues and are thought to alert the distal sites against secondary infections. Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is one of the chemical signals that play an important role in SAR. G3P is synthesized in the cytosol and chloroplasts via the enzymatic activities of G3P Dehydrogenase (G3Pdh) or Glycerol Kinase (GK). Interestingly, a mutation in three of …

Validating Functional Mechanisms For Non-Coding Genetic Variants Associated With Complex Traits, Cynthia Ann Kalita

Wayne State University Dissertations

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a large number of genetic variants associated with disease as well as normal phenotypic variation for complex traits. However challenges remain in determining the functional relevance of human DNA sequence variants. Even after fine mapping, most variants are located in non-coding regions making it difficult to infer mechanisms linking individual genetic variants with the disease trait. In addition, we do not know under which environmental conditions the sequence variants have a functional impact, and whether they become one of many factors involved in complex phenotypes at the organismal level.

Chapter 1 describes computational methods …

Increased Fxyd1 And Pgc-1Α Mrna After Blood Flow-Restricted Running Is Related To Fibre Type-Specific Ampk Signalling And Oxidative Stress In Human Muscle, Danny Christiansen, Robyn M. Murphy, Christos G. Stathis, David Bishop

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Aim: This study explored the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on mRNA responses of PGC-1α (total, 1α1, and 1α4) and Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms (NKA; α1-3, β1-3, and FXYD1) to an interval running session and determined whether these effects were related to increased oxidative stress, hypoxia, and fibre type-specific AMPK and CaMKII signalling, in human skeletal muscle. Methods: In a randomized, crossover fashion, 8 healthy men (26 ± 5 year and 57.4 ± 6.3 mL kg−1 min−1) completed 3 exercise sessions: without (CON) or with blood flow restriction (BFR), or in systemic hypoxia (HYP, ~3250 m). A muscle sample was collected …

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes And Imbalance In Angiogenic Growth Mediators And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Is Associated With Advanced Maternal Age Births: A Prospective Cohort Study In Ghana, Enoch Odame Anto, William K. Owiredu, Samuel A. Sakyi, Cornelius A. Turpin, Richard K. Ephraim, Linda A. Fondjo, Christian Obirikorang, Eric Adua, Emmanuel Acheampong

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background Advanced maternal age (AMA) has been associated with negative pregnancy outcomes. Oxidative stress (OS) and defective placental dysfunction are contributing factors. This study determined the association between AMA and adverse pregnancy outcomes, OS biomarkers and angiogenic growth mediators (AGMs) in normal pregnancies. Methods This prospective cohort study conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) Department of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) finally included 175 normal pregnant women comprising, 58 AMA (35–45 years), 55 (30–34 years) and 62 optimal childbearing age (20–29 years). Venous blood samples were collected at 28–32 weeks for soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), placental growth …

Three Methodological Innovations In Race And Ethnicity Research, Jeffrey Napierala

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines topics related to racial and ethnic diversity through three essays. Each essay takes a new perspective on a current issue in the literature and utilizes a unique statistical methodology to address that issue. The first essay uses the Monte Carlo Simulation Method to develop a measure of segregation for the ACS and uses it to assess whether the ACS is useful for measuring segregation in places with different sizes. The second essay considers whether a relatively unexplored factor, genetics, is correlated with migration. This perspective broadens our understanding of why migration occurs and is perpetuated over time. …

Mechanistic Analysis Of The Type I-E Crispr-Cas System In Escherichia Coli, Lauren A. Cooper

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In CRISPR-Cas immunity systems, short CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) are bound by CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, and these complexes target invading nucleic acid molecules for degradation in a process known as interference. In type I CRISPR-Cas systems, the Cas protein complex that binds DNA is known as Cascade. Association of Cascade with target DNA can also lead to acquisition of new immunity elements in a process known as primed adaptation. Here, we assess the specificity determinants for Cascade-DNA interaction, interference, and primed adaptation in vivo, for the type I-E system of Escherichia coli. Remarkably, as few as 5 bp of crRNA-DNA are …

Electrotransfer Of Different Control Plasmids Elicits Different Antitumor Effectiveness In B16.F10 Melanoma, Masa Bosnjak, Tanjo Jesenko, Urska Kamensek, Gregor Sersa, Jaka Lavrencak, Loree Heller, Maja Cemazar

Bioelectrics Publications

Several studies have shown that different control plasmids may cause antitumor action in different murine tumor models after gene electrotransfer (GET). Due to the differences in GET protocols, plasmid vectors, and experimental models, the observed antitumor effects were incomparable. Therefore, the current study was conducted comparing antitumor effectiveness of three different control plasmids using the same GET parameters. We followed cytotoxicity in vitro and the antitumor effect in vivo after GET of control plasmids pControl, pENTR/U6 scr and pVAX1 in B16.F10 murine melanoma cells and tumors. Types of cell death and upregulation of selected cytosolic DNA sensors and cytokines were …

Alcohol Intoxication Moderates The Association Between A Polygenic Risk Score And Unprovoked Intimate Partner Aggression, Christa C. Christ, Laura E. Watkins, David Dilillo, Scott F. Stoltenberg

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Despite evidence that genetic variation contributes to aggression, few studies have examined how genetic variation contributes to IPA specifically. In the current study, 69 couples from a Midwestern university completed self-report measures of IPA, childhood trauma exposure, and hazardous alcohol use, and were randomly assigned to consume either a placebo or alcohol beverage before participating in an analogue aggression task against their partner. Genetic risk (i.e., association with lower transcriptional efficiency) for aggression was measured with a polygenic risk score (PRS) created from four polymorphisms (HTR1B rs13212041, HTR2B rs6437000, 5-HTTLPR, and MAOA uVNTR). Among individuals with a low PRS, …

Jak/Stat Signaling Regulates Gametogenesis And Age-Related Reproductive Maintenance, Michelle Suzanne Giedt

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Cell signaling is central to integration of internal and external cues that regulate development and homeostasis. Most development is thought of as pre-adult, but limited developmental processes occur in adults. Gametogenesis incorporates elements of both these facets, with a distinct developmental plan for gamete synthesis which is regulated by integration of homeostatic inputs such as nutrient status, and environmental cues. Signaling pathways integrate and transduce information from these cues to evoke a response. A decline in homeostasis and subsequent cues occurs over time, in the case of reproductive tissues leading to a progressive loss of fertility. The Janus Kinase and …

Role Of Sex Chromosomes In Sexual Dimorphism Of Angii-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, Yasir Alsiraj

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), a permanent dilation in the abdominal region of the aorta, is a highly sexually dimorphic disease. AAAs prevalence is ranging from 4-10 fold higher in males than females. Defining the mechanistic basis for reduced (in females) or increased (in males) AAA formation and progression may uncover potential therapeutic targets. The majority of studies examining sexual dimorphism focus on the role of sex hormones. However, genes residing on sex chromosomes, in addition to sex hormones, may contribute to sexual dimorphism of AAAs. For example, the X chromosome contains about 5% of the whole genome, but the role …

Dna Extraction And Microsatellite Amplification Of Daphnia Pulicaria Resting Eggs: Analysis Of Allele Frequencies Through Time, Anna Ries

Departmental Honors Projects

A paleoecological approach allows for the study of genetic change in populations over longer periods of time than would be possible if one were sampling populations from year to year. Daphnia and other cladoceran zooplankton are amenable to this type of study because they produce diapausing embryos (ephippial eggs) when they sexually reproduce, and these resting eggs can remain viable for decades to centuries in lake sediments. This study uses paleoecological methods as well as a new methodology for ephippial DNA extraction and amplification to assay for genetic variation in ephippial eggs obtained from sediments of varying ages from Square …

Bio2450l Genetics Laboratory Manual, Christopher Blair

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

Evidence For The Genetic Basis And Inheritance Of Ocean And River-Maturing Ecotypes Of Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus Tridentatus) In The Klamath River, California, Keith A. Parker

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Surveys of genetic variation have improved our understanding of the relationship between fitness-related phenotypes and their underlying genetic basis. However, how this information can be used to inform conservation has been unclear in many cases. The objective of this study was to combine next-generation genetic sequencing with traditional ecological knowledge to evaluate imperiled anadromous Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) and apply the findings to conservation in the context of resolving Native American traditional food security issues. In the Klamath River of California, a previously identified Pacific lamprey ocean-maturing ecotype was distinguished by a relatively advanced maturity of female fish …