Genetic Analysis Of The Hippo Pathway In Mouse Liver,
2012
The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston
Genetic Analysis Of The Hippo Pathway In Mouse Liver, Li Lu
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
Cancer therapy and tumor treatment remain unsolved puzzles. Genetic screening for tumor suppressor genes in Drosophila revealed the Hippo-signaling pathway as a kinase cascade consisting of five core components. Disrupting the pathway by deleting the main component genes breaks the balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis and results in epithelial tissue tumorigenesis. The pathway is therefore believed to be a tumor suppressor pathway. However, a corresponding role in mammals is yet to be determined. Our lab began to investigate the tumor suppression function of the potent mammalian Hippo pathway by putting floxed alleles into the mouse genome flanking the functional-domain-expressing …
The Role Of The Arched Helicases In Exosome-Mediated Function,
2012
The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston
The Role Of The Arched Helicases In Exosome-Mediated Function, A. Alejandra Klauer
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
RNA processing and degradation are two important functions that control gene expression and promote RNA fidelity in the cell. A major ribonuclease complex, called the exosome, is involved in both of these processes. The exosome is composed of ten essential proteins with only one catalytically active subunit, called Rrp44. While the same ten essential subunits make up both the nuclear and cytoplasmic exosome, there are nuclear and cytoplasmic exosome cofactors that promote specific exosome functions in each of the cell compartments. To date, it is unclear how the exosome distinguishes between RNA substrates. We hypothesize that compartment specific cofactors may …
Tet1: A Unique Dna Demethylase For Maintenance Of Dna Methylation Pattern,
2012
The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston
Tet1: A Unique Dna Demethylase For Maintenance Of Dna Methylation Pattern, Chunlei Jin
Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)
DNA methylation at the C5 position of cytosine (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a crucial epigenetic modification of the genome and has been implicated in numerous cellular processes in mammals, including embryonic development, transcription, X chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting and chromatin structure. Like histone modifications, DNA methylation is also dynamic and reversible. However, in contrast to well defined DNA methyltransferases, the enzymes responsible for erasing DNA methylation still remain to be studied. The ten-eleven translocation family proteins (TET1/2/3) were recently identified as Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent 5mC dioxygenases, which consecutively convert 5mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine both in vitro and in mammalian …
Septin Phosphorylation And Coiled-Coil Domains Function In Cell And Septin Ring Morphology In The Filamentous Fungus Ashbya Gossypii,
2012
Dartmouth College
Septin Phosphorylation And Coiled-Coil Domains Function In Cell And Septin Ring Morphology In The Filamentous Fungus Ashbya Gossypii, Rebecca A. Meseroll, Patricia Occhipinti, Amy S. Gladfelter
Dartmouth Scholarship
Septins are a class of GTP-binding proteins conserved throughout many eukaryotes. Individual septin subunits associate with one another and assemble into heteromeric complexes that form filaments and higher-order structures in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the assembly and maintenance of higher-order structures in cells remain poorly understood. Septins in several organisms have been shown to be phosphorylated, although precisely how septin phosphorylation may be contributing to the formation of high-order septin structures is unknown. Four of the five septins expressed in the filamentous fungus, Ashbya gossypii, are phosphorylated, and we demonstrate here the diverse roles of these phosphorylation sites …
Intsormil- Centa’S New Bmr Sorghum Varieties Create A Surge In Dairy Production,
2012
INTSORMIL
Intsormil- Centa’S New Bmr Sorghum Varieties Create A Surge In Dairy Production, René Clará Valencia
INTSORMIL Scientific Publications
Scientists from the INTSORMIL-CENTA project based at the National Center for Agricultural Technology and Forestry (CENTA) of El Salvador have worked for five years to develop varieties of sorghum for grain and forage that are highly nutritious to cattle. Using the gene bmr-12, received from Dr. Gebisa Ejeta of Purdue University, they combined commercial varieties CENTA S-2, S-3 CENTA, CENTA RCV and VG 146 and were able to form new varieties containing this same gene. The first generation created 76 new varieties.
Scribble Acts In The Drosophila Fat-Hippo Pathway To Regulate Warts Activity,
2012
University of Dayton
Scribble Acts In The Drosophila Fat-Hippo Pathway To Regulate Warts Activity, Shilpi Verghese, Indrayani Waghmare, Hailey Kwon, Katelin Hanes, Madhuri Kango-Singh
Biology Faculty Publications
Epithelial cells are the major cell-type for all organs in multicellular organisms. In order to achieve correct organ size, epithelial tissues need mechanisms that limit their proliferation, and protect tissues from damage caused by defective epithelial cells. Recently, the Hippo signaling pathway has emerged as a major mechanism that orchestrates epithelial development. Hippo signaling is required for cells to stop proliferation as in the absence of Hippo signaling tissues continue to proliferate and produce overgrown organs or tumors. Studies in Drosophila have led the way in providing a framework for how Hippo alters the pattern of gene transcription in target …
Freq-Seq: A Rapid, Cost-Effective, Sequencing-Based Method To Determine Allele Frequencies Directly From Mixed Populations,
2012
Harvard University
Freq-Seq: A Rapid, Cost-Effective, Sequencing-Based Method To Determine Allele Frequencies Directly From Mixed Populations, Lon Chubiz, Ming-Chun Lee, Nigel Delaney, Christopher Marx
Biology Department Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Serotonin System Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Impulsivity In A Context Dependent Manner,
2012
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Serotonin System Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Impulsivity In A Context Dependent Manner, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Christa C. Christ, Krista B. Highland
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Impulsivity is a risk factor for adverse outcomes and characterizes several psychiatric disorders and risk for suicide. There is strong evidence that genetic variation influences individual differences in impulsivity, but the details are not yet understood. There is growing interest in better understanding the context dependency of genetic effects that is reflected in studies examining gender specificity, gene × environment interaction and epistasis (gene-gene interaction). In a cross-sectional study we examined whether polymorphisms in six serotonin system candidate genes and the experience of early life trauma (age 0–12) were associated with individual differences in impulsivity in a nonclinical sample of …
Phylogenetics Links Monster Larva To Deep-Sea Shrimp.,
2012
George Washington University
Phylogenetics Links Monster Larva To Deep-Sea Shrimp., Heather D Bracken-Grissom, Darryl L Felder, Nicole L Vollmer, Joel W Martin, Keith A Crandall
Computational Biology Institute
Mid-water plankton collections commonly include bizarre and mysterious developmental stages that differ conspicuously from their adult counterparts in morphology and habitat. Unaware of the existence of planktonic larval stages, early zoologists often misidentified these unique morphologies as independent adult lineages. Many such mistakes have since been corrected by collecting larvae, raising them in the lab, and identifying the adult forms. However, challenges arise when the larva is remarkably rare in nature and relatively inaccessible due to its changing habitats over the course of ontogeny. The mid-water marine species Cerataspis monstrosa (Gray 1828) is an armored crustacean larva whose adult identity …
One Can’T Stand On Its Own: Are Non-Luminescence Traits Necessary For V. Fischeri Colonization Of E. Scolopes?,
2012
University of New Hampshire - Main Campus
One Can’T Stand On Its Own: Are Non-Luminescence Traits Necessary For V. Fischeri Colonization Of E. Scolopes?, Feier Liu
Honors Theses and Capstones
Vibrio fischeri and Euprymna scolopes squid establish mutualistic symbiosis and select for each other in the natural environment. V. fischeri provides bioluminescent camouflage for E. scolopes while E. scolopes provides nutrients for V. fischeri. The most intriguing aspect of this relationship is that E. scolopes is highly selective and only allows sustained colonization by luminous, but not dark V. fischeri. Luminescence is the key symbiosis trait; however, other bacterial factors may also allow squid recognition. We hypothesized that there are luminescence linked traits that contribute to colonization. V. fischeri with luminescence variation was isolated and tested for oxidative resistance, …
Organellar Signaling Expands Plant Phenotypic Variation And Increases The Potential For Breeding The Epigenome,
2012
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Organellar Signaling Expands Plant Phenotypic Variation And Increases The Potential For Breeding The Epigenome, Roberto De La Rosa Santamaria
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
MUTS HOMOLOGUE 1 (MSH1) is a nuclear gene unique to plants that functions in mitochondria and plastids, where it confers genome stability. Phenotypic effects of MSH1 down- regulation were studied in sorghum inbreed line Tx430 and Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia-0, with the hypothesis that RNAi suppression of MSH1 triggers retrograde signaling from organelles to the nucleus, alters the epigenome, and derives heritable phenotypic variation suitable for artificial selection. An array of morphological traits and metabolic pathways was detected, including leaf variegation, male sterility and dwarfism, associated with altered gibberellic acid metabolism, higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased synthesis …
Characterization Of Xylan Utilization And Discovery Of A New Endoxylanase In Thermoanaerobacterium Saccharolyticum Through Targeted Gene Deletions,
2012
Dartmouth College
Characterization Of Xylan Utilization And Discovery Of A New Endoxylanase In Thermoanaerobacterium Saccharolyticum Through Targeted Gene Deletions, Kara K. Podkaminer, Adam M. Guss, Heather L. Trajano, David A. Hogsett, Lee R. Lynd
Dartmouth Scholarship
The economical production of fuels and commodity chemicals from lignocellulose requires the utilization of both the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions. Xylanase enzymes allow greater utilization of hemicellulose while also increasing cellulose hydrolysis. Recent metabolic engineering efforts have resulted in a strain of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum that can convert C5 and C6 sugars, as well as insoluble xylan, into ethanol at high yield. To better understand the process of xylan solubilization in this organism, a series of targeted deletions were constructed in the homoethanologenic T. saccharolyticum strain M0355 to characterize xylan hydrolysis and xylose utilization in this organism. While the deletion of …
Transcriptional Cross Talk Within The Mar-Sox-Rob Regulon In Escherichia Coli Is Limited To The Rob And Marrab Operons,
2012
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
Transcriptional Cross Talk Within The Mar-Sox-Rob Regulon In Escherichia Coli Is Limited To The Rob And Marrab Operons, Lon Chubiz, George Glekas, Christopher Rao
Biology Department Faculty Works
Bacteria possess multiple mechanisms to survive exposure to various chemical stresses and antimicrobial compounds. In the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli, three homologous transcription factors—MarA, SoxS, and Rob—play a central role in coordinating this response. Three separate systems are known to regulate the expression and activities of MarA, SoxS, and Rob. However, a number of studies have shown that the three do not function in isolation but rather are coregulated through transcriptional cross talk. In this work, we systematically investigated the extent of transcriptional cross talk in the mar-sox-rob regulon. While the three transcription factors were found to have the potential …
Identification Of Novel Meiotic Genes Via A Genetic Screen,
2012
Cleveland State University
Identification Of Novel Meiotic Genes Via A Genetic Screen, Steven David Zimmerman, Rima Sandhu
Undergraduate Research Posters 2012
Proper segregation of chromosomes in Meiosis I requires proper function of the Synaptonemal Complex (SC), a zipper-like protein structure that facilitates recombination events and segregation of homologous chromosomes. Candidates which suppress the phenotype show sporulation and fluorescence on media, and have higher spore viabilities compared to our Zip1C1 control.
Analysis Of A Genetic Isolate: The Case Of Carloforte (Italy),
2012
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari
Analysis Of A Genetic Isolate: The Case Of Carloforte (Italy), R. Robledo, L. Corrias, V. Bachis, N. Puddu, A. Mameli, G. Vona, C. M. Calò
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
We reviewed data collected during several studies concerning the genetic isolate of Carloforte (Sardinia, Italy) and analyzed new data on Y-chromosome markers. Carloforte is also a language island, where people still speaks Tabarchino, an archaic form of Ligurian dialect. Demographic data indicate that, in the early years of its history, Carloforte population was characterized by a high degree of endogamy and consanguinity rates that started to decrease around 1850, when marriages with Sardinian people began to occur more frequently. Cultural factors, mainly language, account for the high endogamy. Genetic data from classical markers, mtDNA and Ychromosome markers confirmed the strong …
The Effect Of Acp1-Ada1 Genetic Interaction On Human Life Span,
2012
Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
The Effect Of Acp1-Ada1 Genetic Interaction On Human Life Span, Nazzareno Lucarini, Valerio Napolioni, Andrea Magrini, Fulvia Gloria
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Acid phosphatase (ACP1) is a polymorphic enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of flavinmononucleotide (FMN) to riboflavin and regulates the cellular concentration of flavin-adeninedinucleotide (FAD) and, consequently, energy metabolism. Its activity is modulated by adenosine deaminase (ADA1) genotype. Aim of our work is to verify whether individuals with a high proportion of ACP1 f isozyme and carrying ADA*2 allele, displaying the highest phosphatase activity, may have a higher life expectancy. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 569 females and 509 males (18-106 years) randomly recruited from Central Italy. These samples were subdivided into three sexspecific age groups …
Extensive Population Structure In San, Khoe And Mixed Ancestry Populations From Southern Africa Revealed By 44 Short 5-Snp Haplotypes,
2012
Human Genomic Diversity and Disease Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service. Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
Extensive Population Structure In San, Khoe And Mixed Ancestry Populations From Southern Africa Revealed By 44 Short 5-Snp Haplotypes, Carina M. Schlebusch, Himla Soodyall
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
The San and Khoe people currently represent remnant groups of a much larger and widely distributed population of hunter gatherers and pastoralists who had exclusive occupation of southern Africa before the arrival of Bantu-speaking groups in the past 1,200 years and sea-borne immigrants within the last 350 years. Genetic studies (mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome) conducted on San and Khoe groups revealed that they harbour some the most divergent lineages found in living peoples throughout the world. Recently, high-density autosomal SNP-array studies confirmed the early divergence of Khoe-San population groups from all other human populations. The present study made use of …
Using The Neandertal And Denisova Genetic Data To Understand The Common Mapt 17q21 Inversion In Modern Humans,
2012
Àrea de Prehistoria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
Using The Neandertal And Denisova Genetic Data To Understand The Common Mapt 17q21 Inversion In Modern Humans, Núria Setó-Salvia, Federico Sánchez-Quinto, Eudald Carbonell, Carlos Lorenzo, David Comas, Jordi Clarimón
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
The polymorphic inversion on 17q21, that includes the MAPT gene, represents a unique locus in the human genome characterized by a large region with strong linkage disequilibrium. Two distinct haplotypes, H1 and H2, exist in modern humans, and H1 has been unequivocally related to several neurodegenerative disorders. Recent data indicates that recurrent inversions of this genomic region have occurred through primate evolution, with the H2 haplotype being the ancestral state. Neandertals harbored the H1 haplotype, however until now no data was available for the Denisova hominin. Neandertals and Denisovans are sister groups that share a common ancestor with modern humans. …
A Tale Of Two Haplotypes: The Eda2r/Ar Intergenic Region Is The Most Divergent Genomic Segment Between Africans And East Asians In The Human Genome,
2012
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Mail Stop 5120, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
A Tale Of Two Haplotypes: The Eda2r/Ar Intergenic Region Is The Most Divergent Genomic Segment Between Africans And East Asians In The Human Genome, Amanda M. Casto, Brenna M. Henn, Jeffery M. Kidd, Carlos D. Bustamante, Marcus W. Feldman
Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with large allele frequency differences between human populations are relatively rare. The longest run of SNPs with an allele frequency difference of one between the Yoruba of Nigeria and the Han Chinese is found on the long arm of the X chromosome in the intergenic region separating the EDA2R and AR genes. It has been proposed that the unusual allele frequency distributions of these SNPs are the result of a selective sweep affecting African populations that occurred after the Out-of-Africa migration. To investigate the evolutionary history of the EDA2R/AR intergenic region, we characterized the haplotype structure …
Rosette Iron Deficiency Transcript And Microrna Profiling Reveals Links Between Copper And Iron Homeostasis In Arabidopsis Thaliana,
2012
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Rosette Iron Deficiency Transcript And Microrna Profiling Reveals Links Between Copper And Iron Homeostasis In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Brian M. Waters, Samuel A. Mcinturf, Ricardo J. Stein
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient, and its deficiency limits plant growth and development on alkaline soils. Under Fe deficiency, plant responses include up-regulation of genes involved in Fe uptake from the soil. However, little is known about shoot responses to Fe deficiency. Using microarrays to probe gene expression in Kas-1 and Tsu-1 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, and comparison with existing Col-0 data, revealed conserved rosette gene expression responses to Fe deficiency. Fe-regulated genes included known metal homeostasis-related genes, and a number of genes of unknown function. Several genes responded to Fe deficiency in both roots and rosettes. …
