Soil Failure Mode In Front Of A Multiple-Tip Horizontally Operated Penetrometer,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Soil Failure Mode In Front Of A Multiple-Tip Horizontally Operated Penetrometer, Abbas Hemmat, Azar Khorsandi, Vahab Shafaie
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Mechanical resistance of a soil to failure has been widely used to estimate the degree of soil compaction. Our previous study showed that the magnitude of force measured by the horizontally operated penetrometer depends on the soil failure mode in front of the sensor tip. In this research, 2 horizontally operated penetrometers were developed to investigate whether the critical depth (dc) at which the soil failure transition from brittle to compressive occurs is dictated by the aspect ratio (working depth/width ratio) of the tip or of the shank of the sensor. In the first sensor, the width of the shank …
The Effect Of Temperature And Precipitation On The Intra-Annual Radial Growth Of Fagus Orientalis Lipsky In Artvin, Turkey,
2012
TÜBİTAK
The Effect Of Temperature And Precipitation On The Intra-Annual Radial Growth Of Fagus Orientalis Lipsky In Artvin, Turkey, Nesi̇be Köse, Hüseyi̇n Tuncay Güner
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this paper, we present the longest tree-ring chronology of oriental beech from Artvin, identify the most important climate factors affecting radial growth, and compare our results with the oriental beech chronology from Belgrad Forest. Stem disks were taken from 10 living oriental beech trees, and earlywood and latewood bands were measured separately in addition to ring width. The longest (442-year-long) chronology of earlywood, latewood, and total ring width for oriental beech were built from Artvin, Turkey. All chronologies (earlywood, latewood, and total ring width) were found to be highly sensitive to climate with mean sensitivity values of 0.3034, 0.286, …
Effects Of Compatibilizer And Nanolayered Silicate On Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Pp/Bagasse Composites,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Effects Of Compatibilizer And Nanolayered Silicate On Physical And Mechanical Properties Of Pp/Bagasse Composites, Behzad Kord
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Bagasse, an agricultural waste, was investigated for wood plastic nanocomposite production. The incorporation of nanolayered silicate has been considered in recent years for improving the properties of thermoplastic composite. In this study a composite of polypropylene (PP) and bagasse fiber (BF), with different concentrations of nanoclay and maleic anhydride (MA) as compatibilizer, were fabricated by injection molding. Then physical and mechanical properties of the composites were tested according to ASTM standards. The results indicated that tensile modulus and flexural strength increased with an increase in clay loading; however, impact strength and water absorption decreased with an increase in nanolayered silicates. …
Irrigation Intervals Affect Physicochemical Quality Attributes And Skin Cracking In Litchi Fruit,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Irrigation Intervals Affect Physicochemical Quality Attributes And Skin Cracking In Litchi Fruit, Abdur Rab, Ihsan-Ul Haq
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The influence of irrigation intervals on the physicochemical quality attributes and fruit cracking of litchi cultivars was investigated by irrigating 4 litchi cultivars at intervals of 3, 6, and 9 days. It was found that cultivars Gola and Bedana had the highest and lowest fruit weight (21.90 g and 14.31 g), pulp weight (16.478 g and 10.85 g), total soluble solids (22.16% and 16.37%), total sugars (21.22% and 15.28%), and fruit cracking (41.60% and 10.40%). While cultivar Gola also had the highest reducing sugars (18.01%) but the lowest nonreducing sugars (3.80%), cultivar Bedana had the lowest reducing sugars (5.68%) and …
Combined Treatment Of Modified Atmosphere Packaging And 1-Methylcyclopropene Improves Postharvest Quality Of Japanese Plums,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Combined Treatment Of Modified Atmosphere Packaging And 1-Methylcyclopropene Improves Postharvest Quality Of Japanese Plums, Mustafa Erkan, Hakan Eski̇
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Two Japanese-type plum (Prunus salicina Lindell) cultivars, 'Autumn Giant' and 'Black Beauty', were harvested at commercial maturity stage and either packed in nonperforated modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) or treated with a 500 ppb dose of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) alone or given a combination of 1-MCP and MAP. After these treatments, the plum samples were stored at 0 °C for 60 days. Treatment with either 1-MCP or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) alone or with the 1-MCP+MAP combination reduced fruit softening, ethylene production, respiration rate, weight loss, and flesh browning, and resulted in higher flesh firmness, titratable acidity, and total soluble solids as …
Correlation Between The Protein Content And Mechanical Properties Of Wheat,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Correlation Between The Protein Content And Mechanical Properties Of Wheat, Mehmet Başlar, Fati̇h Kalkan, Mazhar Kara, Mustafa Fati̇h Ertugay
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The mechanical properties of wheat varieties are important in the milling industry. This study investigated the correlation between the protein content of 5 wheat varieties and their mechanical properties of rupture force, energy absorbed, and hardness. Based on correlation coefficients, a strong correlation was found between the protein content of all wheat varieties investigated and their mechanical properties. The correlation levels between the protein content and rupture force, energy absorbed, and hardness were r = 0.953, 0.883, and 0.884 for X-X load orientation and r = 0.955, 0.963, and 0.954 for Y-Y load orientation, respectively.
Determination Of The Bread-Making Quality Of Flours Using An Automatic Bread Machine,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Determination Of The Bread-Making Quality Of Flours Using An Automatic Bread Machine, İsmai̇l Sai̇t Doğan, Önder Yildiz, Burhan Taşan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, the possibility of bread machine utilization as a quality control tool in the baking industry was investigated. Three different flour samples (F_1, F_2, and F_3) having different protein contents were obtained and then 12% wheat starch and 2% vital gluten were added to these flours to adjust protein ratios. The physicochemical and rheological properties of these flour combinations were analyzed. Specific volume, crumb grain attributes, crust and crumb color, and bread firmness in terms of compressibility (g) were measured. Specific volumes changed between 5.22 and 6.69 mL g^{-1} and between 4.87 and 6.29 mL g^{-1} for hearth …
Black Walnut (Juglans Nigra L.) Standing Volume In The Riparian Forests Of The Czech Republic,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Black Walnut (Juglans Nigra L.) Standing Volume In The Riparian Forests Of The Czech Republic, Lubomir Salek, Daniel Zahradnik, Lubomir Tipmann, Robert Marusak
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is one of the most valuable non-native tree species growing on alluvial soils in the southeastern part of the Czech Republic. However, its standing volume is currently calculated according to oak tables, although its growth and standing volume is likely different. In order to determine the observed black walnut standing volume and to express a difference between black walnut and other main tree species growing on alluvial soils, 63 temporary sample plots of pure black walnut stands were established and, for determination of tree volume, 63 sample trees with various dimensions were felled and measured …
Load-Carrying Capacity Of Mitered Furniture Corner Joints With Dovetail Keys Under Diagonal Tension Load,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Load-Carrying Capacity Of Mitered Furniture Corner Joints With Dovetail Keys Under Diagonal Tension Load, Sadegh Maleki, Mohammad Derikvand, Mosayeb Dalvand, Ghanbar Ebrahimi
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The goal of this study was to introduce a method for estimating stress analysis as an efficient procedure for evaluating the strength of mitered corner joints in furniture structures. Tests were carried out to determine the effects of panel type, distance between the centers of dovetail holes and the edges of joints (10, 20, and 30 mm), and type of dovetail key on the load-carrying capacity of mitered corner joints under a diagonal tension load. Specimens were constructed of overlaid medium-density fiberboard (LamMDF) and particleboard (LamPb) and connected with butterfly and H-shaped dovetail keys. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used to …
Foliar Application Of Calcium Chloride And Borax Influences Plant Growth, Yield, And Quality Of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Fruit, Abdur Rab, Ihsan-Ul Haq
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The influence of CaCl_2 and borax on growth, yield, and quality of tomato was investigated during the years 2009 and 2010. The experiment was laid out with a randomized complete block design. Calcium chloride (0.3% and 0.6%) and borax (0.2% and 0.4%) solutions were applied as foliar sprays either alone or in combination and data were recorded for plant height, branches per plant, flowers per cluster, fruits per plant, yield, fruit weight, fruit firmness, and total soluble solid content of the fruit. The application of CaCl_2 alone significantly increased the plant height and fruits per plant and decreased the incidence …
Effect Of Al Compounds On Soil Ph And Bioavailability Of Al In Two Acid Soils,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Effect Of Al Compounds On Soil Ph And Bioavailability Of Al In Two Acid Soils, Toufiq Iqbal
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Two aluminum compounds, AlCl_3 and Al(OH)_3, were used to determine the effect of Al compounds on pH and bioavailability of Al in 2 acid soils. Both soils were incubated for periods of 3, 10, and 30 days. Al-tolerant (ET8) and Al-sensitive (ES8) wheat seedlings were used as a testing plant to confirm bioavailability of Al^{3+} in soil solution. Both soils were acidified through the addition of Al compounds to detect the maximum Al^{3+} toxicity level of these compounds. The results showed that the AlCl3 compound increased the bioavailability of Al^{3+} in soil solutions. In contrast, AlCl_3 decreased bulk soil pH. …
Some Quality Characteristics Of Selected Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum) Landraces,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Some Quality Characteristics Of Selected Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum) Landraces, Abdulvahi̇t Sayaslan, Mehmet Koyuncu, Ahmet Yildirim, Tuğba Güleç, Özlem Ateş Sönmezoğlu, Nejdet Kandemi̇r
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is primarily used for the production of high-quality pasta products because of its certain superior characteristics. Wheat landraces are locally adapted diverse populations evolved through natural selection and are invaluable genetic resources for breeding programs. The search for new genetic resources all around the world has been underway to develop high-quality durum wheats. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the pasta quality-associated characteristics of 12 durum wheat landraces (Bağacak, Beyaziye, İskenderiye, Sorgül, Karakılçık, Beyaz Buğday, Ağ Buğdayı, Bintepe, Havrani, Çalıbasan, Hacı Halil, and Akçakale) compared to 2 well-established high-quality durum wheat cultivars, Kyle …
Impact Of Vegetation On Land-Atmosphere Coupling Strength And Its Implication For Desertification Mitigation Over East Asia,
2012
Chapman University
Impact Of Vegetation On Land-Atmosphere Coupling Strength And Its Implication For Desertification Mitigation Over East Asia, Boksoon Myoung, Yong-Sang Choi, Suk-Jin Choi, Seon Ki Park
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Desertification of the East Asian drylands and the consequent dust transport have been serious concerns for adjacent Asian countries as well as the western United States. Tree planting has been considered one applicable strategy to mitigate the desertification. However, the desired effect of the tree planting would not be brought to fruition unless the newly planted trees change the coupling characteristics between the land and the atmosphere. Based on this perception, we attempt to clarify the effects of vegetation on the coupling strength between the atmosphere and land surface, and we suggest the most efficient areas of tree planting for …
Optimizing Water And Nitrogen Use For Maize Production Under Semiarid Conditions,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Optimizing Water And Nitrogen Use For Maize Production Under Semiarid Conditions, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Ashfaq Ahmad, Farhat Abbas, Wajid Farhad
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Water and nitrogen are among the most important crop inputs for optimum production of maize (Zea mays L.). A comprehensive experiment was conducted during 2009 and 2010 under the semiarid conditions of Pakistan to evaluate the effects of water and N applications on the growth and yield of irrigated maize. The objective was to formulate water and N best management practices (BMPs) for the above conditions. Three irrigation regimes (525, 450, and 375 mm ha^{-1}) with 5 N rates (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha^{-1}) were tested using a split plot with a randomized complete block design. The …
Use Of Discriminant Analysis For Selection Of Hybrid Maize Parent Lines,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Use Of Discriminant Analysis For Selection Of Hybrid Maize Parent Lines, Ahmet Öz
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study was conducted to investigate the opportunity to utilize discriminant analysis in the selection of parent lines in hybrid maize breeding. For this purpose, top crosses were obtained by top-crossing 31 inbred maize lines with the FRMo.17 line in 2003. These hybrids were subjected to preyield trials in 2004. The same lines were subjected to observation tests in 2003 and 2004, and yield and yield components were determined. The obtained data were analyzed using the discriminant analysis method. The distances between the lines were determined according to D2 and canonical values. The TK-108, TK-110, TK-13, TK-347, TK-175, TK-157, and …
Root Length, Root Mass, And Distribution Of Dry Matter In Different Parts Of Thompson Seedless Grapevine Grafted On Different Rootstocks In Heavy Soil Of Maharashtra, Ramhari G. Somkuwar, Pravin B. Taware, Devanand D. Bondage, Supriya Navale
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The root distribution pattern of 3 grape rootstocks, Dog Ridge, Salt Creek, and St. George, grafted with Thompson Seedless grapevine was studied at the National Research Centre for Grapes in Pune, India. The soil is heavy black cotton soil (vertisol) with a pH of >8.0. Roots of different thicknesses (10 mm) were examined at horizontal distances of 0-30 cm, 31-60 cm, 61-90 cm, 91-120 cm, and 121-150 cm away from the trunk and also to depths of 0-30 cm, 31-60 cm, and 61-90 cm from the surface. Among the different categories of roots, Dog Ridge put forth the maximum root …
Research On Antifungal And Inhibitory Effects Of Dl-Limonene On Some Yeasts,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Research On Antifungal And Inhibitory Effects Of Dl-Limonene On Some Yeasts, Mustafa Ümi̇t Ünal, Fi̇li̇z Uçan, Aysun Şener, Sadik Di̇nçer
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study was undertaken to investigate the antifungal effect of DL-limonene on yeasts using disk diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The effect of DL-limonene on ethyl alcohol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also investigated. According to disk diffusion results, the development of an inhibition zone was observed in all microorganisms tested. The inhibition zones were larger than those occurring with the Fungizone antibiotic used as the control. Inhibition zone diameters increased with increasing amounts of DL-limonene. MIC results varied between 500 and 4000 µg mL^{-1} depending on the yeast strain. DL-limonene at a concentration of 0.20% (w v^{-1}) …
Investigating Sampling Accuracy To Estimate Sediment Concentrations In Erosion Plot Tanks,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Investigating Sampling Accuracy To Estimate Sediment Concentrations In Erosion Plot Tanks, Davood Nikkami
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Significant errors when sampling from collection tanks installed at the lower end of soil erosion plots may lead researchers toward wrong conclusions. Limited research has been found on sampling accuracy. In this study, a cylindrical sampler is introduced as a new sampling device and its sampling accuracy is investigated and compared with 2 other manual methods, namely bottle and pipette. Three target sediment concentrations were prepared in separate 213.5-L collection tanks as 3 replications with 3 mixing periods. The results using the bottle and pipette in all mixing periods and all target sediment concentrations showed that the concentration of sediment …
Morphological And Physiological Differences Between Bareroot And Container Juniperus Excelsa Seedlings,
2012
TÜBİTAK
Morphological And Physiological Differences Between Bareroot And Container Juniperus Excelsa Seedlings, Ayşe Deli̇göz
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The effects of stock type on morphological and physiological characteristics were compared in 1 + 0 Crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) seedlings. In October 2010, the morphological characteristics of both stock types were determined. The physiological condition of both stock types was evaluated by measuring water relation, root growth potential (RGP), and root electrolyte leakage (REL) parameters in seedlings at periodic intervals from October 2010 to April 2011. Container seedlings had greater root collar diameter, higher height, and greater shoot dry weight than bareroot seedlings, but these differences were not significant. However, the shoot-to-root ratios of the container seedlings were …
Determination Of Intraspecific Nuclear Dna Content Variation In Common Vetch (Vicia Sativa L.) Lines And Cultivars Based On Two Distinct Internal Reference Standards, İskender Ti̇ryaki̇, Meti̇n Tuna
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The 2C nuclear DNA contents of 40 common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) lines and cultivars were determined by using both safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as internal reference standards in flow cytometry analysis and correlated with plant morphological characters and 1000-seed weight. The t-test results showed a significant difference between the mean DNA values of the barley and safflower standards (t = -16.74, P = 0.0001). Data analysis also indicated significant (P < 0.01) intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation within the common vetch lines and cultivars for both internal standards used. The DNA content values ranged from 3.342 pg to 3.652 pg and from 3.600 pg to 4.002 pg for the internal standards of safflower and barley, respectively. The DNA differences within the internal standards were 0.310 pg and 0.402 pg for safflower and barley, respectively. The internal standard of barley constantly produced higher DNA content values than the values of safflower standard for all vetch lines and cultivars. Nuclear DNA content differences between 2 internal standards for the same plant material reached as high as 15.59% (0.540 pg), which is equivalent to 528.12 Mbp DNA. No significant correlations between 1000-seed weight and the nuclear DNA contents of barley (P < 0.51) or safflower (P < 0.76) were detected.
