Food Science Commons^™

Subgingival Microbiome Colonization And Cytokine Production During Early Dental Implant Healing, Jeffrey B. Payne, Paul G. Johnson, Car Reen Kok, João Carlos Gomes-Neto, Amanda Ramer-Tait, Marian J. Schmid, Robert W. Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Little is known about longitudinal development of the peri-implant subgingival microbiome and cytokine production as a new sulcus forms after dental implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this observational study was to evaluate simultaneous longitudinal changes in the oral microbiome and cytokine production in the developing peri-implant sulcus compared to control natural teeth. Four and 12 weeks after implant placement and abutment connection, a dental implant and a natural tooth were sampled in 25 patients for subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF [around teeth] and peri-implant crevicular fluid [PICF] around implants). DNA from plaque samples was extracted and sequenced …

The Impact Of The Bovine Faecal Microbiome On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Prevalence And Enumeration In Naturally Infected Cattle, M. Kim, L. A. Kuehn, J. L. Bono, E. D. Berry, N. Kalchayanand, H. C. Freetly, A. K. Benson, J. E. Wells

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine if the faecal microbiome has an association with Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevalence and enumeration.

Methods and Results: Pyrosequencing analysis of faecal microbiome was performed from feedlot cattle fed one of three diets: (i) 94 heifers fed low concentrate (LC) diet, (ii) 142 steers fed moderate concentrate (MC) diet, and (iii) 132 steers fed high concentrate (HC) diet. A total of 322 585 OTUs were calculated from 2,411,122 high-quality sequences obtained from 368 faecal samples. In the LC diet group, OTUs assigned to the orders Clostridiales and RF39 (placed within …

Evaluating Potential Risks Of Food Allergy And Toxicity Of Soy Leghemoglobin Expressed In Pichia Pastoris, Yuan Jin, Xiaoyun He, Kwame Andoh-Kumi, Rachel Z. Fraser, Mei Lu, Richard E. Goodman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Scope: The Soybean (Glycine max) leghemoglobin c2 (LegHb) gene was introduced into Pichia pastoris yeast for sustainable production of a heme-carrying protein, for organoleptic use in plant-based meat. The potential allergenicity and toxicity of LegHb and 17 Pichia host-proteins each representing ≥ 1% of total protein in production batches are evaluated by literature review, bioinformatics sequence comparisons to known allergens or toxins, and in vitro pepsin digestion.

Methods and results: Literature searches found no evidence of allergenicity or toxicity for these proteins. There are no significant sequence matches of LegHb to known allergens or toxins. Eleven Pichia proteins have modest …

Review Of Nutraceuticals And Functional Properties Of Whole Wheat, Rachana Poudel, Madhav Bhatta

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most commonly cultivated and consumed cereals throughout the world. Though phytochemicals and antioxidants in the cereal grains have not been studied as in fruits and vegetables, given the role of wheat in our diet plate, it is a given of primary importance to understand the chemistry of our major food, wheat. The presence of diverse polyphenols and their action against leading cause of death, including heart diseases, cancer, obesity, and diabetes, widens the scope of wheat. Phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and carotenoids are present in whole wheat. …

Influence Of Foliar Fungicide Treatment On Lipolytic Enzyme Activity Of Whole Wheat, Rachana Poudel, Madhav Bhatta, Teshome Regassa, Devin J. Rose

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Lipolytic enzymes play a key role in the deterioration of whole wheat flour upon storage but may also be involved in plant disease and stress tolerance while the crop is in the field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of foliar fungicide treatment on lipolytic activity in wheat. A significant cultivar × fungicide × year interaction for esterase (p-nitrophenyl butyrate as substrate [EA-B]) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities was observed; however, a large portion of the variability was owing to year (environment). Fungicide influenced lipase (olive oil as substrate [LA-O]), EA-B, and LOX activities. …

Next-Generation Probiotics Targeting Clostridium Difficile Through Precursor- Directed Antimicrobial Biosynthesis, Jennifer K. Spinler, Jennifer Auchtung, Aaron Brown, Prapaporn Boonma, Numan Oezguen, Cana L. Ross, Ruth Ann Luna, Jessica Runge, James Versalovic, Alex Peniche, Sara M. Dann, Robert A. Britton, Anthony Haag, Tor C. Savidge

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Integration of antibiotic and probiotic therapy has the potential to lessen the public health burden of antimicrobial-associated diseases. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) represents an important example where the rational design of next-generation probiotics is being actively pursued to prevent disease recurrence. Because intrinsic resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics used to treat CDI (vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin) is a desired trait in such probiotic species, we screened several bacteria and identified Lactobacillus reuteri to be a promising candidate for adjunct therapy. Human-derived L. reuteri bacteria convert glycerol to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound reuterin. When supplemented with glycerol, strains carrying the pocR …

The Gut Mycobiome Of The Human Microbiome Project Healthy Cohort, Andrea K. Nash, Thomas A. Auchtung, Matthew C. Wong, Daniel P. Smith, Jonathan R. Gesell, Matthew C. Ross, Christopher J. Stewart, Ginger A. Metcalf, Donna M. Muzny, Richard A. Gibbs, Nadim J. Ajami, Joseph F. Petrosino

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Most studies describing the human gut microbiome in healthy and diseased states have emphasized the bacterial component, but the fungal microbiome (i.e., the mycobiome) is beginning to gain recognition as a fundamental part of our microbiome. To date, human gut mycobiome studies have primarily been disease centric or in small cohorts of healthy individuals. To contribute to existing knowledge of the human mycobiome, we investigated the gut mycobiome of the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) cohort by sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region as well as the 18S rRNA gene.

Results: Three hundred seventeen HMP stool samples were …

Lifestyle And Horizontal Gene Transfer- Mediated Evolution Of Mucispirillum Schaedleri, A Core Member Of The Murine Gut Microbiota, Alexander Loy, Carina Pfann, Michaela Steinberger, Buck Hanson, Simone Herp, Sandrine Brugiroux, João Carlos Gomes Neto, Mark V. Boekschoten, Clarissa Schwab, Tim Urich, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Thomas Rattei, Bärbel Stecher, David Berry

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Mucispirillum schaedleri is an abundant inhabitant of the intestinal mucus layer of rodents and other animals and has been suggested to be a pathobiont, a commensal that plays a role in disease. In order to gain insights into its lifestyle, we analyzed the genome and transcriptome of M. schaedleri ASF 457 and performed physiological experiments to test traits predicted by its genome. Although described as a mucus inhabitant, M. schaedleri has limited capacity for degrading host-derived mucosal glycans and other complex polysaccharides. Additionally, M. schaedleri reduces nitrate and expresses systems for scavenging oxygen and reactive oxygen species in vivo, …

Isolation And Genetic Identification Of Spore-Forming Bacteria Associated With Concentrated-Milk Processing In Nebraska, Bismarck Antonio Martinez, Jayne E. Stratton, Andreia Bianchini

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Spore-forming bacteria are heat-resistant microorganisms capable of surviving and germinating in milk after pasteurization. They have been reported to affect the quality of dairy products by the production of enzymes (lipolytic and proteolytic) under low-temperature conditions in fluid milk, and have become a limiting factor for milk powder in reaching some selective markets. The objective of this research was to isolate and identify the population of spore-forming bacteria (psychrotrophic and thermophilic strains) associated with concentrated milk processing in Nebraska. During 2 seasons, in-process milk samples from a commercial plant (raw, pasteurized, and concentrated) were collected and heat-treated (80°C/12 min) to …

Peanut Allergen Threshold Study (Pats): Novel Single-Dose Oral Food Challenge Study To Validate Eliciting Doses In Children With Peanut Allergy, Jonathan O'B. Hourihane, Katrina J. Allen, Wayne G. Shreffler, Gillian Dunngalvin, Julie A. Nordlee, Giovanni A. Zurzolo, Audrey Dunngalvin, Lyle C. Gurrin, Joseph L. Baumert, Steve L. Taylor

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Eliciting doses (EDs) of allergenic foods can be defined by the distribution of threshold doses for subjects within a specific population. The ED₀₅ is the dose that elicits a reaction in 5% of allergic subjects. The predicted ED₀₅ for peanut is 1.5 mg of peanut protein (6 mg of whole peanut).

Objective: We sought to validate the predicted peanut ED05 (1.5 mg) with a novel single-dose challenge.

Methods: Consecutive eligible children with peanut allergy in 3 centers were prospectively invited to participate, irrespective of previous reaction severity. Predetermined criteria for objective reactions were used …

Eugenol Nanoencapsulated By Sodium Caseinate: Physical, Antimicrobial, And Biophysical Properties, Yue Zhang, Kang Pan, Qixin Zhong

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

To improve the application of essential oils as natural antimicrobial preservatives, the objective of the present study was to determine physical, antimicrobial, and biophysical properties of eugenol after nanoencapsulation by sodium caseinate (NaCas). Emulsions were prepared by mixing eugenol in 20.0 mg/mL NaCas solution at an overall eugenol content of 5.0–137.9 mg/mL using shear homogenization. Stable emulsions were observed up to 38.5 mg/mL eugenol, which had droplet diameters of smaller than 125 nm at pH 5–9 after ambient storage for up to 30 days. The encapsulated eugenol had similar minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations as free eugenol against Escherichia …

A Real-Time Pcr Assay For Accurate Quantification Of The Individual Members Of The Altered Schaedler Flora Microbiota In Gnotobiotic Mice, João Carlos Gomez-Neto, Sara Mantz, Kyler Held, Rohita Sinha, Rafael R. Segura Munoz, Robert Schmaltz, Andrew K. Benson, Jens Walter, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Changes in the gastrointestinal microbial community are frequently associated with chronic diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. However, understanding the relationship of any individual taxon within the community to host physiology is made complex due to the diversity and individuality of the gut microbiota. Defined microbial communities such as the Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) help alleviate the challenges of a diverse microbiota by allowing one to interrogate the relationship between individual bacterial species and host responses. An important aspect of studying these relationships with defined microbial communities is the ability to measure the population abundance and dynamics of each member. …

Endurance Exercise Increases Intestinal Uptake Of The Peanut Allergen Ara H 6 After Peanut Consumption In Humans, Lonneke M. Janssenduijghuijsen, Klaske Van Norren, Sander Grefte, Stef J. Koppelman, Kaatje Lenaerts, Jaap Keijer, Renger F. Witkamp, Harry J. Wichers

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Controlled studies on the effect of exercise on intestinal uptake of protein are scarce and underlying mechanisms largely unclear. We studied the uptake of the major allergen Ara h 6 following peanut consumption in an exercise model and compared this with changes in markers of intestinal permeability and integrity. Ten overnight-fasted healthy non-allergic men (n = 4) and women (n = 6) (23 +/- 4 years) ingested 100 g of peanuts together with a lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) solution, followed by rest or by 60 min cycling at 70% of their maximal workload. Significantly higher, though variable, levels of Ara h 6 …

Effect Of Different Debranning Degrees On The Qualities Of Whole Wheat Flour And Chinese Steamed Bread, Jikai Zhao, Fengcheng Wang, Wenjun Fu, Mengjie Wang

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Abstract: Strong gluten, middle-strong gluten and middle gluten wheat were used as raw materials to obtain whole wheat flour by dry debranning process, and the effect of different debranning degrees on the quality of wheat kernel, whole wheat flour and Chinese steamed bread was evaluated. The results showed that the ash content, hardness index and thousand kernel weight of wheat kernels were decreased with increasing debranning degree by 0.17%, 1.0–1.5 and 1.74–1.82 g, respectively, whereas the volume weight was increased by 22.0–23.4 g/L. The contents of ash and damaged starch in whole wheat flour were decreased by 0.12%–0.14% and 1.0–2.1 …

Effects Of High Intensity Ultrasound Frequency And High-Speed Agitation On Fat Crystallization, Roberta Silva, Juhee Lee, V. Gibon, Silvana Martini

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The objective of this research was to examine the effect of ultrasound frequency and high-speed agitation on lipid crystallization. Interesterified soybean oil was crystallized at 44 °C without and with the application of high intensity ultrasound (HIU—20 and 40 kHz) or with high-speed agitation (6000 and 24,000 rpm). Two tip amplitudes (24 and 108 µm) and three pulse durations were evaluated (5, 10, and 15 s) for the acoustic frequencies tested. Sonication at 20 kHz of frequency significantly reduced crystal size, increased (p < 0.05) elasticity (435.9 ± 173.3–80,218 ± 15,384 Pa) and SFC (0.2 ± 0.0–4.5 ± 0.4%). No significant difference was observed in the crystallization behavior of these samples when sonicated at different amplitudes for 5 and 10 s. The crystallization behavior was significantly delayed (p < 0.05) in samples sonicated using 108 µm amplitude for 15 s. Larger crystals were formed in samples sonicated at 40 kHz compared to those obtained with 20 kHz and lower SFC (3.7 ± 0.0%) and elasticity (3943 ± 1459 Pa) values were obtained. High-speed agitation at 24,000 rpm increased SFC (5.5 ± 0.1%) and crystallized area and decreased the elasticity (42,602 ± 11,775 Pa) compared to the samples sonicated at 20 kHz.

Sonocrystallization Of Interesterified Fats With 20 And 30% Of Stearic Acid At The Sn-2 Position And Their Physical Blends, Jeta V. Kadamne, Ebenezer A. Ifeduba, Casimir C. Akoh, Silvana Martini

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Physical blends (PB) of high oleic sunflower oil and tristearin with 20 and 30% stearic acid and their interesterified (IE) products where 20 and 30% of the fatty acids are stearic acid at the sn-2 position crystallized without and with application of high intensity ultrasound (HIU). IE samples were crystallized at supercooling temperatures (ΔT) of 12, 9, 6, and 3 °C while PB were crystallized at ΔT = 12 °C. HIU induced crystallization in PB samples, but not in the IE ones. Induction in crystallization with HIU was also observed at ΔT = 6 and 3 °C for IE C18:0 …

Microencapsulation Instant Coffee By Spray Drying Using Hydrolysed Konjac Glucomannan, Desi Sakawulan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research is aimed at finding a suitable wall material from konjac glucomannan to shield antioxidant compounds in coffee extract along with appropriate condition of spray drying to produce microencapsulated instant coffee. There are two steps of study. In the first step, two types of konjac powder (A. muelleri and A. bulbifer) and different concentrations of mannanase enzyme were used to investigate the viscosity reduction of konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH). It is found that mannanase at 38,000 units per gram substrate was able to lower the viscosity of A. muelleri solution to less than 100 m.Pa.s, while A. bulbifer remained …

Halophilic Bacteria From Salty Fermented Foods And Its Bacteriocin Encoding Gene Expression To Use As Biocontrol Agent Against Staphylococcus Aureus In Salt Added Foods, Vishal Chhetri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research was aimed to isolate, select and apply bacteriocin producing halophilic bacteria from salty fermented foods, Plara (Thai traditional salty fermented fish) and soya sauce as bio-control agent in foods. The isolates having inhibitory activity against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus were selected, identified and characterized prior to application as protective starter in food models. Bacterial communities of Plara and soya sauce samples were studied by two methods, a cultural dependent and cultural independent method (Reverse Transcriptase PCR DGGE (Rev-T PCR-DGGE)), and subsequently sequenced by 16s rDNA analysis. Halanaerobium spp. in Plara and Staphylococcus gallinarum in soya sauce were …

Rapid Quality Determination Of Mulberry Leaf Tea During Storage Using Electronic Nose And Electronic Tongue, Anchalee Ruengdech

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study was aimed to develop rapid methods based on electronic nose (e-nose) and electronic tongue (e-tongue) to determine the quality attributes and phytochemicals of mulberry leaf tea. This study was divided into three parts: (1) to determine the effect of cultivar on the quality attributes and phytochemicals of mulberry leaf tea, (2) to evaluate the effect of packaging and storage time on quality attributes and phytochemicals of mulberry leaf tea, and (3) to employ e-tongue combined with chemometrics for prediction of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf tea. Mulberry leaf tea prepared from three different mulberry cultivars including …

Effects Of Processing Methods On Quality Of Green Coffee, Fareeya Kulapichitr

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

To study the impact of processing on quality of Arabica green coffee, the research was divided into two parts: I) the study of the effects of postharvest processing practices on the quality of coffee, and II) the study of the effects of heat pump drying conditions on physicochemical properties of coffee with focus on the determination of the key volatile compounds affected by drying treatments. In part 1, the subtopics of the study were: 1.1) the study of the effects of the selection of coffee cherries differing in maturity (ripe vs unripe) on the quality of green coffee based on …