Food Science Commons^™

Research Progress Of Trans-Critical Co2 Refrigeration Cycle System And Application, Xuan Fuchen, Xie Jing

Food and Machinery

In this review, the research progress of compressor, evaporator and air cooler in trans-critical CO₂ refrigeration system was analyzed. It was concluded that the method of improving the refrigeration efficiency and the optimum heat transfer efficiency of the trans-critical CO₂ refrigeration system was obtained. The application of trans-critical CO₂ refrigeration cycle in CO₂ automotive air conditioning, heat pump and food processing were also discussed. The problems of high system pressure in CO₂ refrigeration cycle in heat pump were analyzed. Finally, it was proposed that the development of oil-free compressor in trans-critical CO₂ refrigeration cycle …

Research Progress Of Cold Storage Type Incubator, Wang Xuesong, Xie Jing

Food and Machinery

With the development of phase change coolants and insulation technologies, it is expected that the cold storage incubators will be more economical, environmentally friendly, and durable, and have a positive impact on cold chain logistics and people's lives. Firstly, three types of organic, inorganic, and composite phase-change coolants used in cold storage incubators, as well as new cold storage agents such as microcapsule cold storage agents and nano-coolant developed in recent years were reviewed. Then, from thermal insulation materials and temperature fields, in terms of uniformity, the progress of design optimization of cold storage incubator were expounded, and the feasibility …

Preparation And Identification Of The Monoclonal Antibody Of Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor From Soybean, Wang Yao, Li Yanhong, Cao Jinbo, Sun Yaning, Xing Yunrui, Chen Xiujin, Deng Ruiguang, Hu Xiaofei

Food and Machinery

To prepare monoclonal antibodies against soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) with good immunological characteristics. BALB/c mice were used to immunize with 50 μg of KTI, the antiserum titer and sensitivity were identified via indirect ELISA and indirect competitive ELISA. The mice which serum has better titer and sensitivity were selected for cell fusing, then he hybridoma cell strain which stabilization secreted KTI monoclonal antibody (mAb) were screened. Thereafter, mAb was prepared by inducing ascites in vivo and identified the immunological characteristics. The result indicated that the NO.1 mouse was confirmed to produce the antibody with the highest titre, IC_{50 …}

Simultaneous Determination Of Flavonoids In Fruits Of Rosa Davurica Pall. By Hplc And Measurement Of Their Activities In Vitro, Di Song, Zhong Fangli, Zhang Xiaoli, Wang Xiaolin, Lei Yongping

Food and Machinery

Simultaneous determination of four flavonoids in extracts of the fruits of Rosa davurica pall.(FRDP) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out, and the in vitro activities of extracts of FRDP, four flavonoids and their compound compatibility were measured by UV method. The results showed that the contents of hyperoside, rutin, quercetin and luteolin of the extract of FRDP were 607.98, 450.63, 187.32 and 12.68 μg/g respectively. The extracts of FRDP, four flavonoids and their compound compatibility all have certain antioxidant activities in vitro, and the activity of extracts of FRDP was stronger than that of compound compatibility. However, …

Effects Of Far-Infrared Radiation Temperature On The Moisture Transfer Of Kiwifruit Slices, Zeng Ya, Liu Yunhong, Zhang Jiayi, Xi Huihan, Hu Runrun

Food and Machinery

In order to explore the water diffusion characteristics of kiwifruit during far-infrared radiation drying, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology was applied to analyze the influence of radiation temperature on internal water states and moisture migration of kiwifruits during drying. The results showed that drying time decreased significantly with the increasing of radiation temperature, and the ratio of average drying rates at radiation temperatures of 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 ℃ were 1.00∶1.30∶1.54∶2.00∶2.50 respectively. The effective moisture diffusivity values was in the range of 2.85×10^-10~7.03×10^-10 m²/s, which could be improved with the increase in …

Effects Of Leucine And Α-Ketoglutarate On The Weight, Serum, Visceral Organ Of Mice, Jin Shunshun, Yao Kang, Yin Yulong, Kang Baoju, Li Yuying, Wang Peng

Food and Machinery

Forty male C57BL/6 mice aged 4 weeks were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups. Mice in control groups drank normal water, while those in the experimental groups were treated 1.0% α-ketoglutarate acid (group Ⅰ), or 1.8% leucine (group Ⅱ), or 1.8% leucine and 1.0% α-ketoglutarate acid (group Ⅲ) via drinking water. The experimental lasted 35 days. The results showed as follows: ① The growth performance of group Ⅲ was 8.7%, 10.1%, and 10.4% lower than that of the groups control,ⅠandⅡ, respectively； ② Serum albumin in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the groups control,ⅠandⅡ(P<0.05)； ③ The cardiac index of group Ⅲ increased by 19.3%, 13.6%, and 15.2%, respectively, compared with groups control,ⅠandⅡ； ④ The abdominal fat index of group Ⅲ was 24.1%, 10.0%, and 6.7% lower than that of groups control,ⅠandⅡ, the cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle of group Ⅲ was 46.9%, 20.2%, 27.9% higher than that of groups control,ⅠandⅡ, respectively. In summary, the combination of leucine and α-ketoglutaric acid can reduce the body weight of mice, strengthen the use of fat by organs, and increase the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers.

Beth King, Beth King, Institute Of Child Nutrition. Child Nutrition Archives.

Oral History Project (all interviews)

A native Oxonian, Beth King has never lived anywhere else. King was educated in the Oxford, Mississippi, public schools before earning multiple bachelor’s and master’s degrees, and then taking a PhD from the University of Mississippi. She worked at the J.D. Williams Library for a number of years before being recruited to move to the National Food Service Management Institute, now the Institute of Child Nutrition, where she helped develop the Institute’s computer technology.

Occurrence Of Aflatoxin And Zearalenone In Concentrate Feeds And Milk Contamination With Aflatoxin M1 And Bacterial Pathogens In Malawi, Chunala Alexico Njombwa

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Multiple studies were conducted in Malawi to: 1) evaluate knowledge and perception of dairy farmers towards molds, mycotoxins and associated adverse effects; 2) evaluate dairy farmers’ knowledge and perception on milk contamination, proper milk handling practices and adverse health effects associated with raw milk consumption; 3) determine levels of aflatoxins and zearalenone (ZEN) in concentrate feedstuffs; 4) assess prevalence and levels of aflatoxin M₁(AFM₁) in raw milk, dietary exposure and estimate HCC risks to children and adults; 5) assess Salmonella and E. colicontamination in raw and processed milk from selected small scale farms and major …

Comparison Of The Kinetic Parameters Of Escherichia Coli 0157:H7, Listeria Monocytogenes And Salmonella Typhimurium Derived From The Baranyi And Huang Models In A Chemically Defined Minimal Medium, Jose Isidro Fuentes

LSU Master's Theses

Microbial growth can be characterized by parameters such as lag time, growth rate, and maximum population density at any specific point of time. Mathematical models that predict microbial growth of foodborne pathogens are increasingly used in the food industry as a viable alternative to traditional methods of microbial enumeration. The Baranyi model has been widely used as the primary model of choice by many authors because of its performance and accuracy. The most recently developed Huang model has been less implemented and few comparisons between the Baranyi and Huang models have been made when modeling pathogenic growth. For this research, …

Multi-Instrument Evaluation Of A Real-Time Pcr Assay For Identification Of Atlantic Salmon: A Case Study On The Use Of A Pre-Packaged Kit For Rapid Seafood Species Identification, Amanda A. Naaum, Rosalee S. Hellberg, Tara A. Okuma, Robert H. Hanner

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Protecting the seafood supply chain from species substitution is critical for economic, health, and conservation reasons. DNA-based methods represent an effective means to detect species substitution, but current methods can be time consuming or costly, and require specialized instruments and operators. Real-time PCR provides an alternative that can be performed quickly, and in some cases even on-site. The use of commercial kits reduces the expertise required by the operator and therefore increases accessibility to testing. This potentially increases the likelihood of adoption into the supply chain, but only if the kits are robust across multiple operators, instruments, and samples. In …

Real-Time Pcr Combined With Dna Barcoding For The Authentication Of Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) Fillets, Rachel Isaacs

Food Science (MS) Theses

Seafood substitution is a worldwide problem due to factors such as limited monitoring coupled with complex supply chains. Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is a highly valued and overfished species that is commonly substituted with other fish, such as tilapia, rockfish, and other snapper species. DNA barcoding is typically used by regulatory agencies to detect seafood substitution; however, it is expensive and time-consuming. A rapid, real-time PCR assay targeting red snapper was developed previously for use in fisheries management; however, it has not been tested for its ability to detect red snapper species substitution. The objective of this study …

Effect Of Supplemental Prebiotics, Probiotics And Bioactive Proteins On The Microbiome Composition And Gut Physiology In C57bl6/J Mice, Ye Li

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The composition and metabolic activity of the microbiome affect many aspects of health, and there is current interest in dietary constituents that may affect this system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a mix of probiotics, a mix of prebiotics and a bioactive protein fraction on the microbiome, when fed to mice individually and in combination. Mice were fed the total western diet (TWD) supplemented with prebiotics, probiotics, and Tri-Factor (bioactive proteins) individually and in combination for four weeks. Subsequently, effects on the composition of gut microbiome, gut short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, gut …

The Thermal And Physical Properties Of Beef From Three Usda-Quality Grades Cooked To Multiple Degrees Of Doneness, Jessica Mcclellan Hadfield

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of quality grade (QG) and degree-of-doneness (DOD) on thermophysical properties of beef strip steaks. The “Prime” eating experience must be marketed to compete with cheaper protein sources, and so palatability is a major concern with beef products. Thermal and physical properties help shed light on the impacts various components have on beef palatability, mainly tenderness and juiciness. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and the textural property of springiness are both influenced by a combination of QG and DOD. This is also true for viscoelasticity and the degradation of myosin and sarcoplasmic …

Understanding The Molecular Strategies Of Campylobacter Jejuni For Survival In Amoeba And Chicken., Deepti Pranay Samarth

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Campylobacter jejuni endure to be major cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. C. jejuni is fastidious in laboratory setup but can cause waterborne infection through contaminated water where none of these fastidious conditions are met. This dissertation presents an assortment of studies focused in reviewing three major factors which could present a helping hand to C. jejuni in its environmental survival viz. i) association with free-living amoebae (FLA) ii) horizontal gene transfer (HGT) contributing towards its genetic diversity iii). Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state.

Acanthamoeba is a FLA linked to environmental survival of many intracellular pathogens, including C. jejuni. In …

Impacts Of Size Fractionation And Processing On Functional Characteristics Of Broken Rice Kernels, Rebecca Mawusi Bruce

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice flour generated from broken rice (brokens) has inconsistencies in functional properties. This may be due to differences in size and composition of brokens used for the flour. It is postulated that size classification of brokens can improve flour functionality. This study sought to investigate the effect of size fractionation of brokens on the functional or pasting properties of resulting rice flour. Broken rice was generated from six cultivars of freshly harvested rough rice that were dried at 25◦C in the laboratory. The brokens were classified into large, medium and small, using US sieve size 10, 12 and 20 respectively. …

Identifying Consumer Perceptions Of Fresh-Market Blackberries, Aubrey Dunteman

Food Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Blackberries are grown worldwide for commercial fresh markets, but there is limited information on consumer perceptions of this fruit. In this study, physiochemical and consumer sensory attributes of three Arkansas-grown fresh-market blackberry genotypes were evaluated and consumer perceptions of fresh-market blackberries were also investigated though an online survey. Two cultivars (Natchez and Ouachita) and one advanced selection (A-2418) were evaluated for compositional and nutraceutical analysis and consumer sensory analysis. Natchez had the highest berry weight, length, drupelets and pyrenes/berry, and pyrene weight/berry. Ouachita had the highest soluble solids content (11.9%), pH (3.18) and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (10.92). There were …

How Does Identifying As Gluten-Free Impact Information Choice Regarding The Gluten-Free Diet?, Pratiksha Baishya

Department of Agricultural Economics: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The market for gluten-free products is a multi-billion-dollar industry in the United States and has seen tremendous growth in the recent years. The retail sales of gluten-free foods in the United States almost tripled between 2011 and 2015, although rates of diagnosed gluten-related health problems have not risen. In addition to people who suffer from Celiac Disease, Wheat Allergy and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, there is a category or people known as PWAG (people who avoid gluten) who seem to have significantly contributed to this boom in the market for gluten-free foods. With more people choosing to adopt the gluten-free diet, …

Effects Of Germination Conditions Of Brown Rice In Relation To Flour Physicochemical Properties And Bread Qualities, Wipada Wunthunyarat

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Gluten-free products from rice are gaining popularity among consumers because of its hypoallergenic characteristic. The absence of gluten results in inferior bread qualities such as hard texture, reduced volume and shorter shelf-life, which can be improved by the addition of external hydrolytic enzymes. Hydrolytic enzymes are activated during germination to stimulate plant growth, and hence these enzymes may function similarly to the external enzymes to improve gluten-free bread from brown rice. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the activities of amylases and protease in germinated brown rice (GBR) from long-grain and short-grain rices under different germination conditions …

Influences Of Autism Spectrum Disorder On Sensory And Emotional Responses To Smell And Taste Cues, Asmita Singh

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that causes social, communication, behavioral and sensory challenges. The prevalence has been on a rise, with the latest reports stating 1 in 59 children is diagnosed with ASD. These challenges play a significant role in feeding behavior, leading to reduced nutrition among individuals. Much research in this field has been attributed to children, however, this study was focused on the adult population, in an attempt to improve their quality of life. Building on previous findings and knowledge gaps, the objectives of this thesis were two-fold: To better understand the sensory experiences of …

Prediction And Evaluation Of Breast Myopathy, Barbara De Almeida Mallmann

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Broiler breast myopathies, including woody breast, white striping, and spaghetti breast, negatively impact the industry. Therefore, evaluation, prediction, and frequency of these muscle abnormalities on modern birds are important for decision making. Modern broilers are not highly active and often sit with the breast of the bird resting on the floor. Therefore, the first experiment was to promote bird movement and explore the impact on the breast myopathies. The movement was stimulated by human interaction (walking through pen) and higher light intensity so that birds walked around the pen more often throughout the day. The control group had normal low …