Food Science Commons^™

The International Scientific Association For Probiotics And Prebiotics (Isapp) Consensus Statement On Fermented Foods, Maria L. Marco, Mary Ellen Sanders, Michael Gänzle, Marie Claire Arrieta, Paul D. Cotter, Luc De Vuyst, Colin Hill, Wilhelm Holzapfel, Sarah Lebeer, Dan Merenstein, Gregor Reid, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Robert Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

An expert panel was convened in September 2019 by The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to develop a definition for fermented foods and to describe their role in the human diet. Although these foods have been consumed for thousands of years, they are receiving increased attention among biologists, nutritionists, technologists, clinicians and consumers. Despite this interest, inconsistencies related to the use of the term ‘fermented’ led the panel to define fermented foods and beverages as “foods made through desired microbial growth and enzymatic conversions of food components”. This definition, encompassing the many varieties of fermented foods, is …

Dietary Fiber Intake, The Gut Microbiome, And Chronic Systemic Inflammation In A Cohort Of Adult Men, Wenjie Ma, Long H. Nguyen, Mingyang Song, Dong D. Wang, Eric A. Franzosa, Yin Cao, Amit Joshi, David A. Drew, Raaj Mehta, Kerry L. Ivey, Lisa L. Strate, Edward L. Giovannucci, Jacques Izard, Wendy Garrett, Eric B. Rimm, Curtis Huttenhower, Andrew T. Chan

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: A higher intake of dietary fiber is associated with a decreased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This may function in part due to abrogation of chronic systemic inflammation induced by factors such as dysbiotic gut communities. Data regarding the detailed influences of long-term and recent intake of differing dietary fiber sources on the human gut microbiome are lacking.

Methods: In a cohort of 307 generally healthy men, we examined gut microbiomes, profiled by shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing, and long-term and recent dietary fiber intake in relation to plasma …

Time Of Harvest Affects United States-Grown Aronia Mitschurinii Berry Polyphenols, Brix, And Acidity, Erica S. King, Junhyo Cho, Hengjing Li, Xueqi Jiang, Annika K. Madler, Mikala K. Weishair, Susan Glenn, Mark H. Brand, Changmou Xu, Bradley W. Bolling

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to determine how the date of harvest impacts the quality characteristics of Aronia mitschurinii (A. K. Skvortsov and Maitul.) ‘Viking’ and ‘Galicjanka’ berries. Aronia berries were collected from farms in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States over seven weeks of harvest during 2018, 2019 and 2020. The berries were analyzed for total phenol, anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, sugar, and acid. Aronia berry composition modestly deviated between each year of the study. Berries harvested in 2018 had the highest total phenols and proanthocyanidins, both increasing in content from weeks 1–5 from 15.90 ± 3.15–19.65 mg gallic acid …

Transport Of Dietary Anti-Inflammatory Peptide, Γ-Glutamyl Valine (Γ-Ev), Across The Intestinal Caco-2 Monolayer, Snigdha Guha, Sophie Alvarez, Kaustav Majumder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The present study analyzed the transepithelial transport of the dietary anti-inflammatory peptide, -glutamyl valine (γ-EV). γ-EV is naturally found in dry edible beans. Our previous study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potency of γ-EV against vascular inflammation at a concentration of 1mM, and that it can transport with the apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) of 1.56 x 10^-6 ± 0.7 x 10^-6 cm/s across the intestinal Caco-2 cells. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether the permeability of the peptide could be enhanced and to elucidate the mechanism of transport of γ-EV across Caco-2 cells. The …

Genetic Variability And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Atypical Papaya Ringspot Virus Infecting Papaya, Anam Saleem, Zahid Ali, Shyi-Dong Yeh, Wajeeha Saeed, Amna Binat Imdad, Muhammad Faheem Akbar, Richard E. Goodman, Saadia Naseem

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Papaya ringspot virus biotype-P is a detrimental pathogen of economically important papaya and cucurbits worldwide. The mutation prone feature of this virus perhaps accounts for its geographical dissemination. In this study, investigations of the atypical PRSV-P strain was conducted based on phylogenetic, recombination and genetic differentiation analyses considering of it’s likely spread across India and Bangladesh. Full length genomic sequences of 38 PRSV isolates and 35 CP gene sequences were subjected to recombination analysis. A total of 61 recombination events were detected in aligned complete PRSV genome sequences. 3 events were detected in complete genome of PRSV strain PK whereas …

Performance Of Two Handheld Nir Spectrometers To Quantify Crude Protein Of Composite Animal Forage And Feedstuff, Isaac R. Rukundo, Mary-Grace C. Danao, James C. Macdonald, Randy L. Wehling, Curtis L. Weller

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Two handheld near infrared (NIR) spectrometers were used to quantify crude protein (CP) content of mixed forage and feedstuff composed of Sweet Bran, distiller’s grains, corn silage, and corn stalk. First was a transportable spectrometer, which measured in the visible and NIR ranges (320–2500 nm) with a spectral interval of 1 nm (H1). Second was a smartphone spectrometer, which measured from 900–1700 nm with a spectral interval of 4 nm (H2). Spectral data of 147 forage and feed samples were collected by both handheld instruments and split into calibration (n= 120) and validation (n= …

Effects Of Ball Milling Combined With Cellulase Treatment On Physicochemical Properties And In Vitro Hypoglycemic Ability Of Sea Buckthorn Seed Meal Insoluble Dietary Fiber, Yulian Zhu, Xiaolong Ji, Michael Yuen, Tina Yuen, Hywel Yuen, Min Wang, Deandrae Smith, Qiang Peng

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

To improve the rough texture and hypoglycemic ability of sea buckthorn insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), a novel combined modification method was developed in this study. The IDF was treated with ball milling and cellulase treatment to obtain co-modified insoluble dietary fiber (CIDF). The physicochemical and functional properties of IDF, milled insoluble dietary fiber (MIDF), and CIDF were studied. After treatments, MIDF had smaller particle sizes and a looser structure, and CIDF exhibited a wrinkled surface and sparse porous structure according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. Compared to IDF, MIDF and CIDF showed improved water-holding, oil-binding, and swelling …

Composition Analysis And Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Of A High Purity Oligomeric Procyanidin Prepared From Sea Buckthorn By A Green Method, Yulian Zhu, Michael Yuen, Wenxia Li, Hywel Yuen, Min Wang, Deandrae Smith, Qiang Peng

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Procyanidin is an important polyphenol for its health-promoting properties, however, the study of procyanidin in sea buckthorn was limited. In this paper, sea buckthorn procyanidin (SBP) was obtained through a green isolation and enrichment technique with an extraction rate and purity of 9.1% and 91.5%. The structure of SBP was analyzed using Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that SBP is an oligomeric procyanidin, mainly composed of (􀀀 )-epicatechin gallate, procyanidin B, (+)-gallocatechin-(+)-catechin, and (+)-gallocatechin dimer. SBP showed superior scavenging capacity on free radicals. Furthermore, the cleaning rate of the ABTS …

Integration Of The Metabolome And Transcriptome Reveals The Metabolites And Genes Related To Nutritional And Medicinal Value In Coriandrum Sativum, Wu Tong, Feng Shu-Yan, Yang Qi-Hang, Preetida J. Bhetariya, Gong Ke, Cui Chun-Lin, Song Jie, Ping Xiao-Rui, Pei Qiao-Ying, Yu Tong, Song Xiao-Ming

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) or Chinese parsley is a culinary herb with multiple medicinal effects, which is widely used in cooking and traditional medicine. It is enriched with essential oils and anti-oxidant compounds with unknown significance. To explore the untapped reservoir of Coriander, we studied the transcriptome and metabolic profiles from three developmental stages. Here, we identified 10 tyrosine metabolic pathway-related genes (TMPRGs), six porphyrins and chlorophyll metabolic pathway-related genes (PCMPRGs), and five Vitamin E metabolic pathway-related genes (VEMPRGs). These genes were associated with the early development of Coriander. Our analysis suggests that these pathways …

Bioactivity Of Cooked Standard And Enriched Whole Eggs From White Leghorn And Rhode Island Red In Exhibiting In-Vitro Antioxidant And Ace-Inhibitory Effects, Emerson Nolasco, Mike Naldrett, Sophie Alvarez, Philip E. Johnson, Kaustav Majumder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Hen breed, diet enrichment, cooking methods, and gastrointestinal (GI) digestion modulates the bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds in eggs, but their synergistic role in modulating bioactivity is still unclear. The present study evaluates the effect of hen breed, diet enrichment, and GI digestion on the cooked whole egg-derived peptides in-vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Standard and enriched whole eggs from White Leghorn (WLH) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens were boiled or fried and subjected to GI digestion. Antioxidant activity was measured through oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and gastrointestinal epithelial cell-based assays, and the antihypertensive capacity by in-vitro Angiotensin-I …

A Representation Learning Model Based On Variational Inference And Graph Autoencoder For Predicting Lncrna‑Disease Associations, Zhuangwei Shi, Han Zhang, Chen Jin, Xiongwen Quan, Yanbin Yin

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs are related to plenty of human diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to predict potential lncRNAdisease associations for disease prognosis, diagnosis and therapy. Dozens of machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been adopted to this problem, yet it is still challenging to learn efficient low-dimensional representations from high-dimensional features of lncRNAs and diseases to predict unknown lncRNA-disease associations accurately. Results: We proposed an end-to-end model, VGAELDA, which integrates variational inference and graph autoencoders for lncRNA-disease associations prediction. VGAELDA contains two kinds of graph autoencoders. Variational graph autoencoders (VGAE) infer …

Comprehensive Analysis Of Ssrs And Database Construction Using All Complete Gene-Coding Sequences In Major Horticultural And Representative Plants, Xiaoming Song, Qihang Yang, Yun Bai, Ke Gong, Tong Wu, Tong Yu, Qiaoying Pei, Weike Duan, Zhinan Huang, Zhiyuan Wang, Zhuo Liu, Xi Kang, Wei Zhao, Xiao Ma

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are one of the most important genetic markers and widely exist in most species. Here, we identified 249,822 SSRs from 3,951,919 genes in 112 plants. Then, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of these SSRs and constructed a plant SSR database (PSSRD). Interestingly, more SSRs were found in lower plants than in higher plants, showing that lower plants needed to adapt to early extreme environments. Four specific enriched functional terms in the lower plant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were detected when it was compared with seven other higher plants. In addition, Guanylate_cyc existed in more genes of lower plants …

Comparisons Of Oral, Intestinal, And Pancreatic Bacterial Microbiomes In Patients With Pancreatic Cancer And Other Gastrointestinal Diseases, Mei Chung, Naisi Zhao, Richard Meier, Devin C. Koestler, Guojun Wu, Erika De Castillo, Bruce J. Paster, Kevin Charpentier, Jacques Izard, Karl T. Kelsey, Dominique S. Michaud

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: Oral microbiota is believed to play important roles in systemic diseases, including cancer. Methods: We collected oral samples (tongue, buccal, supragingival, and saliva) and pancreatic tissue or intestinal samples from 52 subjects, and characterized 16S rRNA genes using high-throughput DNA sequencing.

Results: Bray–Curtis plot showed clear separations between bacterial communities in the oral cavity and those in intestinal and pancreatic tissue samples. PERMANOVA tests indicated that bacterial communities from buccal samples were similar to supragingival and saliva samples, and pancreatic duct samples were similar to pancreatic tumor samples, but all other samples were significantly different from each …

Single-Dose Oral Challenges To Validate Eliciting Doses In Children With Cow’S Milk Allergy, Paul J. Turner, Yvonne M. D'Art, Bettina Duca, Sophia A. Chastell, Guadalupe Marco-Martin, Rosialzira N. Vera-Berrios, Olaya Alvarez, Raphaëlle Bazire, Pablo Rodríguez Del Río, Marta Vazquez-Ortiz, Joseph L. Baumert, Ronald Van Ree, Clare E.N. Mills, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Jonathan O.B. Hourihane

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: There is increasing interest in the use of eliciting doses (EDs) to inform allergen risk management. The ED can be estimated from the distribution of threshold doses for allergic subjects undergoing food challenges within a specified population. Estimated ED₀₅ values for cow's milk (the dose expected to cause objective allergic symptoms in 5% of the milk-allergic population) range from 0.5 mg to 13.9 mg cow's milk protein. We undertook a single-dose challenge study to validate a predicted ED₀₅ for cow's milk of 0.5 mg protein.

Methods: Participants were recruited from 4 clinical centres. Predetermined criteria were used …

Comparative Analysis Of Long Noncoding Rnas In Angiosperms And Characterization Of Long Noncoding Rnas In Response To Heat Stress In Chinese Cabbage, Xiaoming Song, Jingjing Hu, Tong Wu, Qihang Yang, Xuehuan Feng, Hao Lin, Shuyan Feng, Chunlin Cui, Ying Yu, Rong Zhou, Ke Gong, Tong Yu, Qiaoying Pei, Nan Li

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely present in different species and play critical roles in response to abiotic stresses. However, the functions of lncRNAs in Chinese cabbage under heat stress remain unknown. Here, we first conducted a global comparative analysis of 247,242 lncRNAs among 37 species. The results indicated that lncRNAs were poorly conserved among different species, and only 960 lncRNAs were homologous to 524 miRNA precursors. We then carried out lncRNA sequencing for a genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs and their target genes in Chinese cabbage at different stages of heat treatment. In total, 18,253 lncRNAs were identified, of which …

Predicted Number Of Peanut-Allergic Patients Needed To Treat With Epicutaneous Immunotherapy (Epit) To Prevent One Allergic Reaction: A Novel Approach To Assessing Relevance, Benjamin C. Remington, Stef J. Koppelman, Todd D. Green, Gideon Lack, Graham Roberts, Dianne E. Campbell

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Letter to the editor about the predicted number of peanut-allergic patients needed to treat with epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) to prevent one allergic reaction, including a novel approach to assessing relevance.

Metagenomic Insights Of The Infant Microbiome Community Structure And Function Across Multiple Sites In The United States, Giorgio Casaburi, Rebbeca M. Duar, Heather Brown, Ryan D. Mitchell, Sufyan Kazi, Stephanie Chew, Orla Cagney, Robin L. Flannery, Karl G. Sylvester, Steven A. Frese, Bethany M. Henrick, Samara L. Freeman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The gut microbiome plays an important role in early life, protecting newborns from enteric pathogens, promoting immune system development and providing key functions to the infant host. Currently, there are limited data to broadly assess the status of the US healthy infant gut microbiome. To address this gap, we performed a multi-state metagenomic survey and found high levels of bacteria associated with enteric inflammation (e.g. Escherichia, Klebsiella), antibiotic resistance genes, and signatures of dysbiosis, independent of location, age, and diet. Bifidobacterium were less abundant than generally expected and the species identified, including B. breve, B. longum and B. bifidum, had …

Incidence Of Aflatoxins And Fumonisins In Grain, Masa And Corn Tortillas In Four Municipalities In The Department Of Lempira, Honduras, Jeimy Cabrera-Meraz, Luis Maldonado, Andreia Bianchini, Raúl Espinal

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In Honduras, corn is the most important staple food for the majority of the population. This high-demand crop is susceptible to biological contamination with mycotoxins, which could represent a latent hazard for consumers. To assess the incidence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in grain, masa and tortilla, and the dietary exposure to these substances among consumers, a study was conducted in four municipalities in the department of Lempira. Total aflatoxin and fumonisin content were quantified by fluorometry in 144 samples from 48 farmers. Sixty five percent of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxins with levels of 1.28–32.05, 1.15 to 12.61, and …

Phospholipid R Ecovery From Sweet Whey And Whey Protein Concentrate: Use Of Electrodialysis With Bipolar Membrane Combined With A Dilution Factor As An Ecoefficient Method, Mélanie Faucher, Véronique Perreault, Ozan Nazim Ciftci, Sami Gaaloul, Laurent Bazinet

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Electrodialysis with bipolar membrane (EDBM) is promising to recover phospholipids (PLs) from sweet whey and whey protein concentrate (WPC), as it promotes lipoprotein complex formation following a decrease in pH and ionic strength. The aim of this work was to study the impact of dilution factor (without dilution, with a 2X, 4X and 6X dilution) after EDBM on the process performances. For both products, a 4X dilution, which cor- responds to a decrease in ionic strength of 81.4 ± 1.5 % for sweet whey and 79.4 ± 0.4 % for WPC, seemed sufficient to maximize lipoprotein complex formation as a …

Heeding The Call Of Covid-19, David Wiebers, Valery Feigin

Animal Sentience

We are grateful to all of our commentators. They have provided a wide range of valuable perspectives and insights from many fields, revealing a broad interest in the subject matter. Nearly all the commentaries have helped to affirm, refine, expand, amplify, deepen, interpret, elaborate, or apply the messages in the target article. Some have offered critiques and suggestions that help us address certain issues in greater detail, including several points concerning industrialized farming and the wildlife trade. Overall, there is great awareness and strong consensus among commentators that any solution for preventing future pandemics and other related health crises must …