Food Processing Commons^™

Research Process On Scale-Up Factors And Methods Of Self-Inducing Bioreactor, Jiang Kaiwei, Luo Haiyan, Dou Bingran, Hong Housheng

Food and Machinery

Gas-inducing reactor is a sort of gas-liquid reactor operated easily and has been widely applied in many chemical industries, environmental engineering and biotechnological engineering for its predominant mass transfer performance and the low power consumption and cost due to the absent of external compressor. In the gas-inducing reactor involving gas-liquid two-phase flow system, the mixing, mass transfer and heat transfer processes are very complicated. Many problems need to be solved in theory. The critical impeller speed for the onset of gas induction，rate of gas induction，power consumption，gas holdup and mass-transfer coefficient of the self-inducing reactor are discussed, and research process on …

Analysis On Stability Of Producing Exopolysaccharides By Streptococcus Thermophilus During Multiplication, Bao Zhining, Wu Jinyu, Lin Weifeng, Chen Zhong

Food and Machinery

For the purpose of exploring the stability of producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) for Streptococcus thermophile, 3 different strains (ST-5P, ST-7P, ST-134P) fermented in the exopolysaccharides selection medium for 30 periods (24 hours for each period) multiplication. The results showed that the proliferation and acid production of ST-5P, ST-7P and ST-134P were stable. The stability of producing EPS among these three strains was different. The EPS production of ST-7P was significantly more stable than those of ST-5P and ST-134P. The correlation analysis in SPSS showed that there was no direct correlation between EPS concentration and viable cell numbers or pH value.

Design Of Control System For External Thread Whirling Machine Used For Processing Pressing Screw, Lin Xudong, Wen Jie, Lv Tao, Wu Yanming

Food and Machinery

An automatic control system for the external thread whirling machine which is designed, with PLC as master controller and touch screen as human machine interface，using servo motor and AC motor as actuator, achieves automatic processing for different specifications pressing screw by setting different parameters. The control system can be a one-shot forming by thread whirling compared with traditional processing methods and does not require adjustment for master plate compared with the original external thread whirling machine, thus significantly reducing the operator's skill requirements, eliminating human error makes knife angle more accurate.

High Throughput Genomic Sequencing Of Bioaerosols In Broiler Chicken Production Facilities, Kate M. O’Brien, Michael S. Chimenti, Morgan Farnell, Tom Tabler, Thomas Bair, Joey Lynn Bray, Matthew W. Nonnenmann

Faculty Publications

Chronic inhalation exposure to agricultural dust promotes the development of chronic respiratory diseases among poultry workers. Poultry dust is composed of dander, chicken feed, litter bedding and microbes. However, the microbial composition and abundance has not been fully elucidated. Genomic DNA was extracted from settled dust and personal inhalable dust collected while performing litter sampling or mortality collection tasks. DNA libraries were sequenced using a paired-end sequencing-by-synthesis approach on an Illumina HiSeq 2500. Sequencing data showed that poultry dust is predominantly composed of bacteria (64–67%) with a small quantity of avian, human and feed DNA (< 2% of total reads). Staphylococcus sp. AL1, Salinicoccus carnicancri and Lactobacillus crispatus were the most abundant bacterial species in personal exposure samples of inhalable dust. Settled dust had a moderate relative abundance of these species as well as Staphylococcus lentus and Lactobacillus salivarius. There was a statistical difference between the microbial composition of aerosolized and settled dust. Unlike settled dust composition, aerosolized dust composition had little variance between samples. These data provide an extensive analysis of the microbial composition and relative abundance in personal inhalable poultry dust and settled poultry dust.

Acoustic Emission Of Lactococcus Lactis Ssp. Lactis C2 Infected With Three Bacteriophages C2, Sk1 And Ml3, Luxi Meng

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The objective of this research was to monitor the Acoustic Emission (AE) produced by Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 infected with three bacteriophages (c2, sk1 and ml3 at 90 min) using an acoustic emission-monitoring device which was designed at University of Kentucky in Lexington KY. The acoustic emission data was collected and then analyzed. These Acoustic Emission (AE) data suggested that bacteriophage ml3, sk1 and c2 can easily be distinguished by the differences in Absolute Energy (ABE), Centroid Frequency (CF) and Peak Frequency (PF) signals. The AE data suggested that bacteriophage sk1 and c2 caused greater stress on the lactis …

Dna Barcoding Reveals Mislabeling Of Game Meat Species On The U.S. Commercial Market, Charles Quinto, Rebecca Tinoco, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Game meats represent a valuable specialty market in the United States that has high economic incentives associated with mislabeling. However, there is limited information on this topic. The purpose of this study was to conduct a market survey of game meats sold within the United States and identify instances of mislabeling using DNA barcoding. Products were also examined for the presence of threatened or endangered species. Fifty-four samples of whole-cut game meats were collected from online distributors in the United States and sequenced across a 658 base-pair region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The resulting DNA …

Identification Of Species In Ground Meat Products Sold On The U.S. Commercial Market Using Dna-Based Methods, Dawn Kane, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective of this study was to test a variety of ground meat products sold on the U.S. commercial market for the presence of potential mislabeling. Forty-eight ground meat samples were purchased from online and retail sources, including both supermarkets and specialty meat retailers. DNA was extracted from each sample in duplicate and tested using DNA barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. The resulting sequences were identified at the species level using the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). Any samples that failed DNA barcoding went through repeat extraction and sequencing, and due to the possibility of a …

Effect Of Phytosanitary Irradiation And Methyl Bromide Fumigation On The Physical, Sensory, And Microbiological Quality Of Blueberries And Sweet Cherries, Karen Thang, Kimberly Au, Cyril Rakovski, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Background

The objective of this study was to determine whether irradiation could serve as a suitable phytosanitary treatment alternative to methyl bromide (MB) fumigation for blueberries and sweet cherry and also to determine the effect of phytosanitary irradiation treatment on survival of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes on these fruit. ‘Bluecrop’ blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) and ‘Sweetheart’ cherries (Prunus avium) were irradiated at 0.4 kGy or fumigated with methyl bromide and evaluated for quality attributes during storage.

Results

Irradiation caused an immediate decrease in firmness of both fruit without further significant change during storage. Fumigated fruit, in …

Robotics In Meat Processing, Kompal Joshi, Tomas Norton, Jesus Maria Frias, Brijesh K. Tiwari

Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings

Scientists are currently investigating micro-robotics in the medical field with a potential to provide better medical technology in the near future. When it comes to the food industry, the use of robots has been traditionally limited to picking and palletization. Today, however, robots are used in material handling and secondary or tertiary packing. Recent developments with faster computers and sophisticated sensors have made it possible to use robotics in the meat processing sectors, where their application has reduced processing costs, occupational injuries, improved efficiency and hygiene associated with meat products. Compared to other industries, the working environment in the meat …

Physico-Chemical, Rheological And Baking Properties Of Proso Millet, Manjot Singh

Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Due to climate change, water scarcity, increasing population and rising food prices, agriculture and food security has been affected worldwide. Cereal grains being a major part of world food supply also act as important energy source in human diet. In order to counter food insecurity, alternative grains are being explored, and millet being drought-resistant has the potential to serve as an alternative grain due to its comparable nutritional composition with other major cereals and its gluten free proteins. The evidence that gluten sensitivity is one of the increasing food intolerances is driving an increasing demand for gluten-free foods. However, gluten …

Microbiological Control And Mechanisms Of Action Of High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma, Lu Han

Doctoral

Dielectric barrier discharge-atmospheric cold plasma (DBD-ACP) is a promising non-thermal technology effective against a wide range of microorganisms. These studies were performed using a custom built DBD-ACP system. The inactivation efficacy was found to be governed by a series of critical control parameters, including treatment time, mode of exposure (Direct/Indirect exposure), applied voltage, applied gas content but was also very dependent on the characteristics of treatment targets. In this study, these parameters were investigated using in-package design along with a post-treatment storage procedure to align with industrial processing times as well as mitigation of post-process contamination. A range of food …

A Life Cycle Analysis Of Land Use In Us Pork Production, Greg Thoma, Marty Matlock, Ben Putman, Jasmina Burek

Food Systems

The goal of this study was to analyze land use in the production of US pork using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA is a comprehensive methodology for quantitatively analyzing potential environmental impacts associated with complex systems. Identification of processes contributing to high environmental impacts often highlights opportunities for gains in efficiency, which can increase the profitability and sustainability of US pork. The environmental impact category analyzed in this assessment was land use. After reviewing existing information regarding land use in agriculture and livestock production, analysis for US pork production was performed at two scales: cradle-to-grave and cradle-to-farm gate. The cradle-to-grave …

Research On Characteristics Of Burdock By Microwave Drying At Constant Temperature, Ji Fei, Li Zhenfeng, Li Jing, Xu Wanxiu

Food and Machinery

The drying characteristics of burdock were studied using self-made weight and temperature facilities. The moisture content and the internal temperature were acquired online. Taken microwave power density, temperature and sample depth as the influence factor, and the optimal parameters for drying burdock by microwave were obtained through orthogonal experiment. The optimized parameters were as followed: the power density 10 W/g, the internal temperature of sample 60 ℃, and the samples thickness 2 mm. Under these conditions, the rehydration rate R value and the color difference ΔE value of dried burdock were 3.77 and 64.37, respectively. ANOVA of the evaluation index …

Study On Characteristics On Depth Of Walnut By Hot-Air Drying, Wang Qinghui, Yan Shengkun, Li Zhongxin, Gao Zhenjiang

Food and Machinery

To solve the problem of drying in walnut postharvest processing, the hot-air drying technology was applied to walnut. A specifically depth drying equipment was designed and the experiment was done. The drying characteristics of walnut were investigated under different drying temperatures (35, 40, 45, 50 ℃), air velocities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 m/s), and load depths (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 m). Experimental results showed that the whole drying process occurred in the falling rate period, and the effect of drying temperature, air velocity and load depth on drying characteristics was significant. The optimal drying process was temperature 45 ℃, air …

Improvement For Bag Feeding Machine And Filling Valve Of Automatic Stand-Up Pouch Filling And Capping Machine, Wu Jinhong, Lin Chuping

Food and Machinery

Introduced the structure and process technique of automatic stand-up pouch filling and capping machine, and put forward an improved plan of new style bag feeding machine and filling valve, by analyzing the existing bag feeding machine, filling valve’s process technique, and structural. Without changing control program, it saves the installation space and operation stability of bag feeding machine. By changing the installation site of filling valve’s seal ring, it uses double valve core and replaceable discharge port, to extend service life and improve the production flexibility.

Design Of Automatic Cleaning In Place System Based On Programmable Controller, Li Xiangwei, Liu Wei

Food and Machinery

Presents the design process of a automatic cleaning in place system based on programmable controller, including the overall design of the system, electrical control system design, work processes and the man-machine interface design, etc. The system adopts Siemens S7-200 PLC, Profibus DP fieldbus, man-machine interface and other advanced technologies, with multiple technological processes. After the system is put into operation, it works stably, operates simply, and has a high degree of automation, which brings good economic benefits for the company.

Study On Combined Drying Technology Of Lotus Root Chips, Xing Fang, Wang Jianhui, He Xinyi, Wu Haiqing, Wu Jiali, Liu Pei

Food and Machinery

To obtain the the processing technology of lotus root chips, taken lotus root as raw materials, the effects offreeze drying time, hot-air drying temperature and hot-air drying time on quality of lotus chips by combination of freeze drying and hot-air drying were explored. Experiment results indicated the optimized technological parameters of combined freeze dring and hot-air drying were freeze drying 4h, then hot-air drying at 50 ℃ for 2 h. At those conditions, the color value L*, a*, b* and hardness value of lotus root slices were 77.65, 0.96, 9.03 and 385.3 g, respectively. The results showed that combined drying …

Influence Of Modified Attapulgite On Non-Biological Stability Of Beer, Shi Jinglue

Food and Machinery

Report a study on the modification conditions of attapulgite towards improving its adsorption affinity and specificity of the chill haze protein in beer. Quantity of attapulgite added and adsorption time used were optimized using univariate and multivariate analysis with orthogonal parameter sets. Experiments conducted were focusing on the non-biological stability, foam stability and filtration performance of beer. Adsorption specificity test of the modified attapulgite with the chill haze protein in beer was also presented. An optimal condition for the modification was concluded that the attapulgite be heated at 303 ℃ for 2.54 h. With a quantity of 0.87 g/L added …

Brewing Process Optimization Of Gordon Euryale Seed Wine, Li Yan, Lin Meiying, Li Yunsong

Food and Machinery

The gordon euryale seed starch was hydrolyzed by α-amylase and glucoamylase to prepare starch syrup, and then the saccharomyces cerevisiae was added to prepare the health wine. The technology parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. And the optimal fermentation conditions were gotten. With the ratio of mass to water of 1︰10, the optimum liquefaction conditions were: addition of α-amylase of 0.4%, liquefaction temperature 70 ℃, and liquefaction time 60 min. The optimum saccharifying conditions were: addition of glucoamylase 0.5%, saccharifying temperature 60 ℃,and saccharifying time of 1 h. Under the saccharifying conditions, the sugar content of the …

Application Of Extrusion Technology For Preparing Defatted Black Soybean Meal Reconstituted Powder, Zhang Lin, Li Jianke, Ren Caixia, Sun Xuesi, Qin Lingxiang

Food and Machinery

The extruding and expanding experiment was studied with the black soybean meal as material, mixing corn starch by twin-screw extruder to make reconstituted powder, The best expanded technical parameters were determined, and studied the formula, the extrusion ratio, the reconstituability, the viscosity, the color of this powder flour. The optimal formula of the powder was as follows: black soybean meal 30%, corn starch 45%, sugar 15%, maltodextrin 10%, creamer 6%.