Investigating The Role Of Centromeric Repeats In Female Meiotic Drive,
2020
Claremont Colleges
Investigating The Role Of Centromeric Repeats In Female Meiotic Drive, Jocelyn Crawford
CMC Senior Theses
Female meiotic drive is an unequal transmission of alleles that arises through the competition of paired chromosomes for inclusion in the egg, resulting in an increase in frequency of the driven alleles regardless of their effect on fitness of the individual. In Mimulus guttatus (monkeyflower) second filial generations, driven alleles display transmission advantages resulting in the virtual elimination of recessive homozygotes, while the equivalent lines lacking drive elements conform to traditional Mendelian segregation population ratios. Centromeres have been identified as mechanistic drive elements due to their role in chromosomal segregation during female meiosis, with Mimulus providing the best documented case …
“C1orf150”: A Novel Regulator Of Jak2 Kinase, And Candidate Tumor Suppressor In Human Blood Cell Progenitors,
2020
University of New Hampshire, Durham
“C1orf150”: A Novel Regulator Of Jak2 Kinase, And Candidate Tumor Suppressor In Human Blood Cell Progenitors, Tyler M. Wade
Honors Theses and Capstones
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential growth factor for red blood cell (RBC) production. In response to anemia, hypoxia-sensing cells in the kidney express and release EPO. EPO then acts in bone marrow to drive RBC formation from erythroid progenitors. Upon binding to its cell surface receptor, EPO triggers a JAK2 kinase signaling cascade for progenitor cell growth. Our lab has discovered a novel regulator of JAK2, “C1ORF150” (“150”). “150” is conserved in H sapiens and primates and is a new orthologue of the B-cell receptor adaptor protein and tumor marker, HGAL. Using a shRNA knockdown approach, I investigated the actions …
Life In A Rural Emergency Department: Patients Speak To Underlying, Fundamental Disparities In Physician And Resource Allocation,
2020
Grand Valley State University
Life In A Rural Emergency Department: Patients Speak To Underlying, Fundamental Disparities In Physician And Resource Allocation, Jessica Gustad
Honors Projects
In the Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, access to health care was defined as, “The availability of an adequate supply of health care services and the individual’s opportunity to obtain health care when it is wanted or needed” (MacKinney, 2014). Current trends in rural emergency departments are trying to communicate a critical message about the fundamental problems with the distribution of health care services in America today and the inability to properly meet the definition above. In rural communities, patient complaints and behaviors demonstrate the pressing concerns of inadequate access to primary care, limited specialty care, insufficient mental …
Structural Dynamics Of Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (Itpa) Protein And Two Clinically Relevant Mutants: Molecular Dynamics Simulations,
2020
Eastern Washington University
Structural Dynamics Of Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (Itpa) Protein And Two Clinically Relevant Mutants: Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Yao Houndonougbo, Bethany Pugh, Kandise Vanwormer, Caitlin April, Nicholas Burgis
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) protein is responsible for removing noncanonical purine nucleoside triphosphates from intracellular nucleotide pools. Absence of ITPA results in genomic instability and increased levels of inosine in DNA and RNA. The proline to threonine substitution at position 32 (P32T) affects roughly 15% of the global population and can modulate treatment outcomes for cancer, lupus, and hepatitis C patients. The substitution of arginine with cysteine at position 178 (R178C) is extremely uncommon and has only been reported in a small cohort of early infantile encephalopathy patients suggesting that a functional ITPA protein is required for life in …
Serotonin 5-Ht2a And 5-Ht2c Receptors Regulate Rat Maternal Behavior Through Distinct Behavioral And Neural Mechanisms,
2020
Southwest University, Chongqing, China
Serotonin 5-Ht2a And 5-Ht2c Receptors Regulate Rat Maternal Behavior Through Distinct Behavioral And Neural Mechanisms, Jun Gao, Lina Nie, Yu Li, Ming Li
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors play important yet distinctive roles in the regulation of rat maternal behavior. The present study investigated their neural substrates and explored the possible behavioral mechanisms (i.e., behavioral organization or maternal motivation). Sprague-Dawley postpartum females were microinjected with either a selective 5-HT2A agonist (TCB-2, 0.4 or 4.0 μg/side) or a 5-HT2C agonist (MK212, 2.5 or 5.0 μg/side) into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or ventral tegmental area (VTA). Ten and 60 min later, their maternal activities were observed in the home cage; and their motivational responses towards pups were examined in a …
Archaeosine Modification Of Archaeal Trna - A Role In Structural Stabilization,
2020
Portland State University
Archaeosine Modification Of Archaeal Trna - A Role In Structural Stabilization, Ben Turner, Brett W. Burkhart, Katrin Weidenbach, Robert Ross, Patrick A. Limbach, Ruth A. Schmitz, Valérie De Crécy-Lagard, Kenneth M. Stedman, Thomas J. Santangelo, Dirk Iwata-Reuyl
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Archaeosine (G+) is a structurally complex modified nucleoside found quasi-universally in the tRNA of Archaea and located at position 15 in the dihydrouridine loop, a site not modified in any tRNA outside of the Archaea. G+ is characterized by an unusual 7-deazaguanosine core structure with a formamidine group at the 7-position. The location of G+ at position 15, coupled with its novel molecular structure, led to a hypothesis that G+ stabilizes tRNA tertiary structure through several distinct mechanisms. To test whether G+ contributes to tRNA stability and define the biological role of G+, we investigated the consequences of introducing targeted …
Probing The Secondary Structure Of Intrinsically Disordered Squid Reflectin Protein Through Ssnmr,
2020
University of Central Florida
Probing The Secondary Structure Of Intrinsically Disordered Squid Reflectin Protein Through Ssnmr, Harriet Austin
Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence
No abstract provided.
Optimization Of Dapoxyl Aptamer For Label-Free Bioanalysis,
2020
University of Central Florida
Optimization Of Dapoxyl Aptamer For Label-Free Bioanalysis, Jack E. Mordeson, Ryan P. Connelly, Pedro F. Madalozzo, Yulia Gerasimova
Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence
No abstract provided.
An Assessment Of Convergence In The Feeding Morphology Of Xiphactinus Audax And Megalops Atlanticus Using Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics,
2020
Fort Hays State University
An Assessment Of Convergence In The Feeding Morphology Of Xiphactinus Audax And Megalops Atlanticus Using Landmark-Based Geometric Morphometrics, Edward Chase Shelburne
Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice
Convergence is an evolutionary phenomenon wherein distantly related organisms independently develop features or functional adaptations to overcome similar environmental constraints. Historically, convergence among organisms has been speculated or asserted with little rigorous or quantitative investigation. More recent advancements in systematics has allowed for the detection and study of convergence in a phylogenetic context, but this does little to elucidate convergent anatomical features in extinct taxa with poorly understood evolutionary histories. The purpose of this study is to investigate one potentially convergent system—the feeding structure of Xiphactinus audax (Teleostei: Ichthyodectiformes) and Megalops atlanticus (Teleostei: Elopiformes)—using a comparative anatomical approach to assess …
Antibiotic Drug Nanocarriers For Probing Of Multidrug Abc Membrane Transporter Of Bacillus Subtilis,
2020
Old Dominion University
Antibiotic Drug Nanocarriers For Probing Of Multidrug Abc Membrane Transporter Of Bacillus Subtilis, Pavan Kumar Cherukuri, Preeyaporn Songkiatisak, Feng Ding, Jeam-Michel Jault, Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Multidrug membrane transporters can extrude a wide range of substrates, which cause multidrug resistance and ineffective treatment of diseases. In this study, we used three different sized antibiotic drug nanocarriers to study their size-dependent inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis. We functionalized 2.4 ± 0.7, 13.0 ± 3.1, and 92.6 ± 4.4 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a monolayer of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol and covalently linked them with antibiotics (ofloxacin, Oflx). The labeling ratios of antibiotics with NPs are 8.6 × 102, 9.4 × 103, and 6.5 × 105 Oflx molecules per NP, respectively. We designed …
Isothermal Environmental Heat Energy Utilization By Transmembrane Electrostatically Localized Protons At The Liquid-Membrane Interface,
2020
Old Dominion University
Isothermal Environmental Heat Energy Utilization By Transmembrane Electrostatically Localized Protons At The Liquid-Membrane Interface, James Weifu Lee
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
This study employing the latest theory on transmembrane electrostatic proton localization has now, for the first time, consistently elucidated a decades-longstanding bioenergetic conundrum in alkalophilic bacteria and more importantly discovered an entirely new feature: isothermal environmental heat utilization by electrostatically localized protons at the liquid-membrane interface. It was surprisingly revealed that the protonic motive force (equivalent to Gibbs free energy) from the isothermal environmental heat energy utilization through the electrostatically localized protons is not constrained by the overall energetics of the redox-driven proton pump system because of the following: (a) the transmembrane electrostatically localized protons are not free to move …
Fluvial Sediment Organic Matter Degradation Identified With Elemental And Isotopic Fate During Laboratory Incubation,
2020
University of Kentucky
Fluvial Sediment Organic Matter Degradation Identified With Elemental And Isotopic Fate During Laboratory Incubation, Brenden Riddle
Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering
Fluvial sediment is well recognized as a critical factor in both carbon and nutrient budgets within stream systems. However, we find very few studies of reactivity and isotope enrichment for stream water from agricultural and urban streams and the class of substrate known as fluvial sediment organic matter. This study investigated the hypothesis that fluvial sediment is subject to degradation even though many previous studies have considered this class of substrate generally inert. Therefore we qualify that elemental and isotopic signatures of fluvial sediment organic matter should be considered potentially non-conservative when used in tracer studies. Methods applied to this …
Physicochemical Characterization, Structural Determination, And Molecular Dynamic Modeling Of Proso Millet Proteins For Enhanced Food Functionality,
2020
University of Kentucky
Physicochemical Characterization, Structural Determination, And Molecular Dynamic Modeling Of Proso Millet Proteins For Enhanced Food Functionality, Felix Akharume
Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
More than one-third of Americans today incorporate plant-based protein into their diet and about 40% believed that plant-based protein is healthier than animal protein, especially Millennials. The increasing global demand for plant-based proteins driven by the high cost of animal proteins, consumers’ desire for lean protein, vegetarianism, and the need for more sustainable green protein products have necessitated research into alternate emerging and underutilized sources of protein to complement or supplement the major plant protein in the market- soy, pea, and gluten. Therefore, this dissertation is focused on the valorization of the proteins in proso millet. Specifically, this work focused …
Epigenetic Regulation Of Hormone Action In The Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst),
2020
University of Kentucky
Epigenetic Regulation Of Hormone Action In The Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Herbst), Smitha George
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
Hormones are the chemical communication signaling molecules released into the body fluid to stimulate target cells of multicellular organisms. Two major hormones, ecdysteroids (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) and juvenile hormones (JH), regulate a wide variety of physiological and developmental processes in insects. Therefore, hormones have been extensively studied and are attractive targets for the development of target-specific insect control methods. Recent studies suggest that epigenetics adds another layer of regulation to explain multiple functions of the same circulating hormone in different tissues and at various time points. In my dissertation, I focused on a major post-translational modification, ‘acetylation,’ to elucidate the epigenetic …
Evaluation Of Wound Healing Potential, Antioxidant Activity, Acute Toxicity And Gastro Protective Effect Of 2-Pentadecanone In Ethanol Induced Gastric Mucosal Ulceration In Rats,
2020
Universiti Malaya
Evaluation Of Wound Healing Potential, Antioxidant Activity, Acute Toxicity And Gastro Protective Effect Of 2-Pentadecanone In Ethanol Induced Gastric Mucosal Ulceration In Rats, Kamran Sareh
Student Works (2020-2029)
Wound is an injury to normal tissue that can happen either externally or internally such as wound in skin tissue or stomach tissue. Compound 2-pentadecanone a ketone derivative, has been identified in some plants, and was reported to have anti-bacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate skin wound healing and gastro-protective potential effect of 2-pentadecanone in Sprague dawley rats. Acute toxicity assay was performed to detect safety of 2-pentadecanone. In the evaluation of skin wound healing, dorsal neck of rats were induced wounds and topically treated with 2-pentadecanone for 10 days. Meanwhile, for gastroprotective …
Influence Of Diet And Abiotic Factors On The Survival And Reproduction Of Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus Annandalei,
2020
Universiti Malaya
Influence Of Diet And Abiotic Factors On The Survival And Reproduction Of Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus Annandalei, Abd Aziz Fatin Fatihah
Student Works (2020-2029)
The calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, due to its good nutritional value and significance as a natural diet of many tropical fish, is a superior live feed for marine fish larvae. Fish larvae needs a sustainable supply of good quality live feed for optimal growth and survival. Aims of this study were to investigate the effects of (1) marine mircroheterotrophs grown in palm oil mill effluent (POME) as copepod diet and (2) abiotic factors i.e. salinity (ppt), temperature (˚C), pH, photoperiod and light intensity on the survival and nauplii production of P. annandalei. Both biotic and abiotic experiments were conducted with …
Impact Of Cold Plasma Processing On Major Peanut Allergens,
2020
Technological University Dublin
Impact Of Cold Plasma Processing On Major Peanut Allergens, Harshitha Venkataratnam, Orla Cahill, Chaitanya Sarangapani, Patrick J. Cullen, Catherine Barry-Ryan
Articles
Cold plasma is emerging as a novel food processing technology, with demonstrated efficacies for microbial inactivation and residual chemical dissipation of food products. Given the technology’s multimodal action it has the potential to reduce allergens in foods, however data on the efficacy and mechanisms of action are sparse. This study investigates the efficacy of cold plasma on major peanut allergens (Ara h 1 and Ara h 2). For this purpose, dry, whole peanut (WP) and defatted peanut flour (DPF) were subjected to an atmospheric air discharge using a pin to plate cold plasma reactor for different treatment durations. With increases …
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stimulates Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis To Repair Oxidised Membrane And Enhance Uptake Of Nanomaterial In Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells,
2020
Technological University Dublin
Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stimulates Clathrin-Dependent Endocytosis To Repair Oxidised Membrane And Enhance Uptake Of Nanomaterial In Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells, Zhonglei He, Kangze Li, Laurence Scally, Eline Manaloto, Sebnem Gunes, Sing Wei Ng, Marcus Maher, Brijesh Tiwari, Hugh Byrne, Paula Bourke, Furong Tian, Patrick J. Cullen, James Curtin
Articles
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is increasingly studied in a growing number of clinical trials for cancer treat-ment1,2 and research is ongoing to explore the combination of CAP with other therapies, including nanoparticles, radiotherapy and chemotherapy3–5.Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are known to be weakly-toxic to human cells and be readily manufactured and designed for targeting delivery of various therapeutic compounds into cells. Citrate-capped cationic AuNPs may adsorb serum proteins onto their surface and thereby stimulate receptor-mediated endocytosis6. Without special surface functionalisation, AuNPs enter cells and become trapped in vesicles6–8 or enter the nucleus, depending on their size/shape9,10. Meanwhile, AuNPs with functionalised surface …
Characterization Of An Aryl Piperazine/2-Hydroxypropyl-Β-Cyclodextrin Association, A Complex With Antidiabetic Potential,
2020
Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
Characterization Of An Aryl Piperazine/2-Hydroxypropyl-Β-Cyclodextrin Association, A Complex With Antidiabetic Potential, R. Devine, D.S.D. Martin, Gemma Kinsella, J.B.C. Findlay, J.C. Stephens
Articles
This study explores the molecular association between 4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1-(4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one (RTC1), an antidiabetic compound recently reported by our research group with challenging aqueous solubility, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD). The formation of a RTC1/HPBCD complex resulted in improved solubility. A phase-solubility diagram was used to determine the complex stability constant and stoichiometric ratio. 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy was utilized to study the molecular interaction between RTC1 and HPBCD in the complex. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy was also employed to confirm complex formation. In vitro biological evaluation, using a glucose uptake assay, showed that the homogeneous RTC1/HPBCD complex solution showed the …
Gravity-Drawing Flexible Silicone Filaments As Fiber Optics And Model Foldamers,
2020
Claremont Colleges
Gravity-Drawing Flexible Silicone Filaments As Fiber Optics And Model Foldamers, Katherine Snell
CMC Senior Theses
Here, we present a method of gravity-drawing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone fibers with application as fiber optics and as model foldamers. Beginning as a viscous liquid, PDMS is cured using heat until its measured viscosity reaches 4000 mPa•s. The semi-cured elastomer is then extruded through a tube furnace to produce thin (diameters on the order of hundred micrometers) filaments with scalable lengths. PDMS is biocompatible, gas-permeable, flexible, and hydrophobic. Additionally, the PDMS surface hydrophobicity can be modified via UV exposure, O2 plasma, and corona discharge. We demonstrate the patternibility (i.e patterns of hydrophobicity) of PDMS fibers, adding complexity to potential foldamer …
