Investigating Spatiotemporal Kinetics, Dynamics, And Mechanism Of Exosome Release,
2022
University of Denver
Investigating Spatiotemporal Kinetics, Dynamics, And Mechanism Of Exosome Release, Anarkali Mahmood
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Exosomes are small lipid-based vesicles that can carry biomolecules from one cell to another. While exosomes are crucial to maintain homeostasis in healthy cells, they are exploited by unhealthy cells to aid disease progression. Exosomes likely facilitate disease progression via the transfer of disease-causing biomolecules from unhealthy to healthy cells. Exosomes are generated in Multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) and are then secreted into the extracellular space to travel to other cells. Despite being a crucial step, very little is known about exosomes release mechanism and dynamics. To further our understanding of exosomes, specifically their secretion, my work has focused on investigating …
Phosphatidylserine Externalization On Non-Apoptotic Cells And Lipid Scramblases In C. Elegans,
2022
University of Denver
Phosphatidylserine Externalization On Non-Apoptotic Cells And Lipid Scramblases In C. Elegans, Julia Frondoni
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cell corpse clearance is key for animals to avoid inflammation and autoimmune disease. To better understand the “eat me” signal of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure for non-apoptotic corpse clearance, we attempted to disrupt the externalization of PS on C. elegans polar bodies. The second polar body undergoes a non-apoptotic form of cell death, loses membrane integrity, externalizes PS and is cleared by embryonic cells during early development. During apoptotic and necrotic cell death, PS asymmetry is disrupted by lipid scramblases, which translocate phospholipids between the leaflets of the lipid bilayer. We found neither apoptotic nor necrotic scramblases are required for PS …
Emerging Biomedical Applications Of The Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein,
2022
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
Emerging Biomedical Applications Of The Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein, Sheeba Rehman, Suman Bishnoi, Rajarshi Roy, Anshu Kumari, Harikrishnan Jayakumar, Sharad Gupta, Parimal Kar, Asit K. Pattnaik, Bebasis Nayak
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Nanoparticles (NPs) made of metals, polymers, micelles, and liposomes are increasingly being used in various biomedical applications. However, most of these NPs are hazardous for long- and short-term use and hence have restricted biomedical applications. Therefore, naturally derived, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoconstructs are being explored for such applications. Inspired by the biology of viruses, researchers are exploring the viral proteins that hold considerable promise in biomedical applications. The viral proteins are highly stable and further amenable to suit specific biological applications. Among various viral proteins, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) has emerged as one of the most versatile platforms for …
Phip-Seq Reveals Autoantibodies For Ubiquitously Expressed
Antigens In Viral Myocarditis,
2022
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Phip-Seq Reveals Autoantibodies For Ubiquitously Expressed Antigens In Viral Myocarditis, Mahima T. Rasquinha, Ninaad Lasrado, Erika M. Petro-Turnquist, Eric A. Weaver, Thiagarajan Venkataraman, Daniel R. Anderson, H. Benjamin Larman, Jay Reddy
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Simple Summary: Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle, and viral infections are a common cause of this disease. Myocarditis in some patients can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mouse model of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is commonly used to understand this disease progression in DCM patients. In this paper, we have attempted to analyze antibodies for heart antigens that could be produced as a result of heart damage in animals infected with CVB3 using a technique called Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq). The analyses led us to identify antibodies for several proteins that were not previously reported that may …
Radiation Exposure Determination In A Secure, Cloudbased Online Environment,
2022
Cytognomix Inc
Radiation Exposure Determination In A Secure, Cloudbased Online Environment, Ben C. Shirley, Eliseos J. Mucaki, Joan H.M. Knoll, Peter Rogan
Biochemistry Publications
Rapid sample processing and interpretation of estimated exposures will be critical for triaging exposed individuals after a major radiation incident. The dicentric chromosome (DC) assay assesses absorbed radiation using metaphase cells from blood. The Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator System (ADCI) identifies DCs and determines radiation doses. This study aimed to broaden accessibility and speed of this system, while protecting data and software integrity. ADCI Online is a secure web-streaming platform accessible worldwide from local servers. Cloud-based systems containing data and software are separated until they are linked for radiation exposure estimation. Dose estimates are identical to ADCI …
Methamphetamine Use: A Narrative Review Of Adverse Effects And Related Toxicities.,
2022
Louisiana State University Health Science Center
Methamphetamine Use: A Narrative Review Of Adverse Effects And Related Toxicities., Amber N. Edinoff, Sarah E. Kaufman, Keionne M. Green, Daniel A. Provenzano, Jesse Lawson, Elyse M. Cornett, Kevin S. Murnane, Adam M. Kaye, Alan David Kaye
School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles
Methamphetamine has been labeled "America's most dangerous drug" and has received significant public health attention. Stimulant addiction and tolerance are heavily documented in the literature; increasingly larger doses maintain euphoria in short time periods to withstand stimulant tolerance. Stimulant deaths are high in the United States and abroad. Between 2013 and 2019, deaths related to methamphetamine use quadrupled from 3,616 to 16,127. Methamphetamine use increased four-fold from 2015 to 2016. Due to this increase in methamphetamine use and its associated medical complications, the mortality rate associated with methamphetamine use has doubled over the past ten years. Cardiopulmonary symptoms include chest …
Kinase-Catalyzed Labeling To Identify Kinase-Substrate Pairs Using Γ-Phosphate Modified Atp Analogs,
2022
Wayne State University
Kinase-Catalyzed Labeling To Identify Kinase-Substrate Pairs Using Γ-Phosphate Modified Atp Analogs, Rachel Beltman
Wayne State University Dissertations
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are responsible for a variety of cellular processes. One such PTM is protein phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by kinases. Kinase enzymes play important roles in cellular signaling pathways, but dysregulation of kinase-mediated events results in the formation of diseases, which make kinases favorable drug targets. To uncover the role kinases play in the development of diseases, kinase-mediated cellular events need to be better understood. The current gap in the field is the lack of tools available to identify the kinase that is responsible for specific phosphorylation events within the cell. To improve the gap in the field, …
Metabolic Synergy Between Human Symbionts Bacteroides And Methanobrevibacter,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Metabolic Synergy Between Human Symbionts Bacteroides And Methanobrevibacter, Jennie L. Catlett, Sean Carr, Mikaela Cashman, Megan D. Smith, Mary Walter, Zahmeeth Sakkaff, Christine A. Kelley, Massimiliano Pierobon, Myra B. Cohen, Nicole R. Buan
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
ABSTRACT Trophic interactions between microbes are postulated to determine whether a host microbiome is healthy or causes predisposition to disease. Two abundant taxa, the Gram-negative heterotrophic bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the methanogenic archaeon Methanobrevibacter smithii, are proposed to have a synergistic metabolic relationship. Both organisms play vital roles in human gut health; B. thetaiotaomicron assists the host by fermenting dietary polysaccharides, whereas M. smithii consumes end-stage fermentation products and is hypothesized to relieve feedback inhibition of upstream microbes such as B. thetaiotaomicron. To study their metabolic interactions, we defined and optimized a coculture system and used software testing …
The Importance Of Protein Context In Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3,
2022
Wayne State University
The Importance Of Protein Context In Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3, Sean Luis Johnson
Wayne State University Dissertations
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 (SCA3) is a member of the family of polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative disorders that includes Huntington's Disease and several other SCAs. SCA3, the most common dominant ataxia in the world, is caused by polyQ tract expansion in the protein, ataxin-3. How SCA3 occurs and how to treat it remain unresolved issues. The primary culprit of toxicity in all polyQ diseases is the glutamine repeat: its abnormal expansion leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. With that said, there is indisputable evidence that the way polyQ-dependent toxicity presents—areas impacted, cellular processes perturbed—is predicated in large part on regions outside …
Arginine Catabolism And Polyamine Biosynthesis Pathway Disparities Within Francisella Tularensis Subpopulations,
2022
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Arginine Catabolism And Polyamine Biosynthesis Pathway Disparities Within Francisella Tularensis Subpopulations, Yinshi Yue, Bhanwar Lal Puniya, Tomáš Helikar, Benjamin Girardo, Steven H. Hinrichs, Marilyn A. Larson
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious zoonotic pathogen with as few as 10 organisms causing tularemia, a disease that is fatal if untreated. Although F. tularensis subspecies tularensis (type A) and subspecies holarctica (type B) share over 99.5% average nucleotide identity, notable differences exist in genomic organization and pathogenicity. The type A clade has been further divided into subtypes A.I and A.II, with A.I strains being recognized as some of the most virulent bacterial pathogens known. In this study, we report on major disparities that exist between the F. tularensis subpopulations in arginine catabolism and subsequent polyamine biosynthesis. The genes …
Study Of Zyomogen Granule Movement Along Actin Filaments Using A Single Beam Optical Trap,
2022
Wayne State University
Study Of Zyomogen Granule Movement Along Actin Filaments Using A Single Beam Optical Trap, Justin James Raupp
Wayne State University Dissertations
Zymogen granules are enzymatic vesicles in the pancreas. The surface of these zymogen granules (ZGs) has several different kinds of myosin molecules, such as myosin 1c, 6, 5c, and 7b. These molecular motors may contribute to ZG transportation in cells. To understand the molecular motors involved in the vesicle trafficking, we observed the in vitro motility of purified ZGs from rat pancreas and examined the stepping behavior and force that is generated using a single beam optical trap. To be involved in trafficking, molecular motors have certain characteristics, a high duty ratio and the ability to move continuously along actin …
Principles Of General Chemistry,
2022
CUNY City College
Principles Of General Chemistry, Jose Cobo
Open Educational Resources
No abstract provided.
Preparation For General Chemistry,
2022
CUNY City College
Preparation For General Chemistry, Jose Cobo
Open Educational Resources
No abstract provided.
Investigation Of Nuclear Envelope-Associated Progeria Proteins During Nuclear Envelope Rupture,
2022
University of South Dakota
Investigation Of Nuclear Envelope-Associated Progeria Proteins During Nuclear Envelope Rupture, Rhiannon Marie Sears
Dissertations and Theses
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a specialized extension of the endoplasmic reticulum critical for the proper protection and organization of the genome. This interphase-only structure is host to several proteins and their interacting constituents that have various and diverse cellular roles. Mutations in NE constituents are associated with several human diseases. A subset of these diseases, known as progeria syndromes, are characterized by the premature presentation of physiological aging in a variety of tissues. Mutations in the genes LMNA and BANF1, which encode the A-type lamins and barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), can lead to these multisystem progeroid diseases. Though the underlying …
Physical Characteristics And Classification Of The Large Amplitude Variable Star V1719 Cygni,
2022
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Physical Characteristics And Classification Of The Large Amplitude Variable Star V1719 Cygni, Ashley Lieber, Logan Siems, Julia Kennefick, Michael Fitzgerald
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Pulsating stars are used as standard candles which are helpful in determining distances to stellar objects along with the relationship between their period and apparent luminosity. The focus of this study was the variable star, V1719 Cygni, which is often classified as a Delta (δ) Scuti star, but there exists debate that it should be classified as a RR Lyrae star due to its abnormal light curve and similar characteristics between the two variable star categories. Observational data was taken in 2019 using the Las Cumbres Observatory international telescope network. The resulting data were calibrated using comparison stars in the …
Investigation Of Catalysis Of Nitration By Cytochrome P450s,
2022
University of Central Florida
Investigation Of Catalysis Of Nitration By Cytochrome P450s, Lannika Johnson
Honors Undergraduate Theses
TxtE is a protein related to cytochrome P450 enzymes, which catalyze a number of reactions that typically involve oxygen and not nitrogen. It has been discovered that TxtE can nitrate tryptophan through an unusual reaction in which it uses nitric oxide (NO) as a nitrogen donor to install the nitro group despite NO typically being considered toxic to bacteria. This project will determine if all cytochromes P450 can catalyze nitration as long as they are given NO. This will have an impact on understanding drug delivery and metabolism for which nitration is important.
Examining The Effects Of Exercise-Induced, Physical Stress Overtraining On Stress Biomarkers In Adolescent, C57bl/6 Mice,
2022
Marshall University
Examining The Effects Of Exercise-Induced, Physical Stress Overtraining On Stress Biomarkers In Adolescent, C57bl/6 Mice, Curtis Scotty Davis
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Exercise has long been established as a therapeutic modality to improve health and related physical fitness, sports performance, and injury/risk reduction in both adults and adolescents (Haff & Triplett, 2015; Kaminsky, 2010). Nonetheless, there is a lack of research investigating the negative effects of exercise overstress (i.e., overtraining syndrome) in these populations, particularly adolescents (Brenner & American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness, 2007; Matos & Winsley, 2007). The objective of this study was to examine hormone biochemical markers, anthropometric markers, and behavioral traits, which are associated with overtraining syndrome, in adolescent C57BL/6 mice. A total of …
Complex Dna Mixture Deconvolution By Single Cell Genomics: Direct Physical Cell Subsampling And High Sensitivity Dna Typing,
2022
University of Central Florida
Complex Dna Mixture Deconvolution By Single Cell Genomics: Direct Physical Cell Subsampling And High Sensitivity Dna Typing, Kaitlin Huffman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
Biological evidence is often found at crime scenes and can comprise of DNA from the victim(s) and perpetrator(s) to a crime as well as from individuals with no direct relationship to the incident. This can complicate analysis as DNA mixtures are one of the more difficult sources of biological evidence to interpret. Probabilistic genotyping (PG) has greatly aided in mixture analysis. However, even with PG, standard bulk mixture approaches do not always result in probative results as allele overlap, artifacts, or low-level minor contributors inevitably cause genotype information loss. Therefore, deconvolution of forensic DNA mixtures into their individual component DNA …
G-Quadruplex Reporters: Structural Studies And Application For Visual And Fluorescent Detection Of Point Mutations In Nucleic Acid Sequences,
2022
University of Central Florida
G-Quadruplex Reporters: Structural Studies And Application For Visual And Fluorescent Detection Of Point Mutations In Nucleic Acid Sequences, Ryan Connelly
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
DNA-based diagnostics traditionally utilize hybridization probes: strands of DNA complimentary to a target sequence that, upon binding, generate a signal to indicate the presence of the target. The classic hybridization probes are the molecular beacon (MB) and TaqMan probes, both single DNA strands with a fluorophore and quencher at opposing ends. Despite their widespread use in applications such as qPCR due to their ability to multiplex with a variety of bound fluorophores, these probes have several shortcomings: temperature limitations for selective target recognition and differentiating single-nucleotide polymorphisms, intrinsic design limitations to interrogate some target sequences, and a high relative cost …
Harnessing The Power Of The Nitro Group In Natural Product Synthesis,
2022
University of Central Florida
Harnessing The Power Of The Nitro Group In Natural Product Synthesis, Katelyn Bobek
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023
The high reactivity and electron-withdrawing ability of the nitro group makes it a powerful tool in synthesizing a diverse range of bioactive natural products. The potential of the nitro group was employed via two main methodologies: iron (III)-mediated oxidative dearomatization and oxime carbonate butyrolactone formation to reach three important heterocyclic scaffolds; spiro, tropone and γ-butyrolactone. Nitro precursors were enantioselective synthesized by key nitro-aldol (Henry) and nitro-Michael reactions. A library of polysubstituted butyrolactone oxime carbonates were formed under mild DMAP and Boc2O conditions from readily available δ-nitroalcohols in good to high yields with broad functional group tolerability. Six lignan γ-butyrolactone natural …
