Towards The Complete Proteinaceous Regulome Of Acinetobacter Baumannii,
2017
University of South Florida
Towards The Complete Proteinaceous Regulome Of Acinetobacter Baumannii, Leila G. Casella, Andy Weiss, Ernesto Pérez-Rueda, J Antonio Ibarra, Lindsey N. Shaw
Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications
The emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains, with broad multidrug-resistance phenotypes and novel virulence factors unique to hypervirulent strains, presents a major threat to human health worldwide. Although a number of studies have described virulence-affecting entities for this organism, very few have identified regulatory elements controlling their expression. Previously, our group has documented the global identification and curation of regulatory RNAs in A. baumannii. As such, in the present study, we detail an extension of this work, the performance of an extensive bioinformatic analysis to identify regulatory proteins in the recently annotated genome of the highly virulent AB5075 strain. In so …
The Role Of Oxidation-Sensitive Nociception And Epigenetics In Endometriosis-Associated Pain,
2017
Marshall University
The Role Of Oxidation-Sensitive Nociception And Epigenetics In Endometriosis-Associated Pain, Kristeena Ray Wright
Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease that is associated with severe symptoms and consequences such as total hysterectomy. Upwards of 10% of women of reproductive age have endometriosis, most of whom are afflicted with chronic pelvic pain and/or infertility. Despite many treatment options available to endometriosis patients, there is no cure for this condition and recurrence of symptoms is extremely common. In CHAPTER 1, we describe the mechanisms involved in endometriotic pain and the currently available treatment strategies. Our laboratory has provided evidence for the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of endometriosis and its associated pain. In this dissertation …
Erk3 As A Braf-Regulated Tumor Suppressor Is A New Potential Cancer Target In Melanoma,
2017
Wright State University
Erk3 As A Braf-Regulated Tumor Suppressor Is A New Potential Cancer Target In Melanoma, Minyi Chen
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Melanoma is the highest mortality rate skin cancer and the sixth most common cancer in the U.S..[1, 2] Arising from melanocytes, melanoma is known for frequent mutation of BRAF to its constitutive activation state BRAFV600E, thus over-activating its downstream MAPK targets ERK1/2 and contributing to melanoma progression.[3, 4, 5] ERK3, a less studied MAPK family protein which contributes to promoting lung, breast, cervical, head and neck (HNC) cancer metastasis, has also shown a correlation with upregulation of BRAF.[6, 7, 8, 9] However, the BRAF-ERK3 regulatory mechanism and the function of ERK3 in melanoma are still unclear. Here, we first elucidate …
Urinary Metabolomics To Detect Polycystic Kidney Disease At Early Stage,
2017
Wright State University
Urinary Metabolomics To Detect Polycystic Kidney Disease At Early Stage, Amnah Mahmoud Obidan
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Urinary metabolomics abilities in detection of biological effects (i.e., toxicity, disease) is compounded by high background variability. Previously, we showed mild kidney dysfunction was detectable under the stress imposed by furosemide (diuretic). Here we tested whether furosemide (FUR) can enhance the sensitivity to detect autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) at an early stage. ADPKD is one of the most common inherited renal disorders and is characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. Urinary metabolomics analyses, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, were conducted in control (WT) and diseased mice (RC) at 7 and 24 weeks of …
Examining Interactions Between Opsins And Carotenoid Biosynthetic Proteins In Halophilic Archaea,
2017
Colby College
Examining Interactions Between Opsins And Carotenoid Biosynthetic Proteins In Halophilic Archaea, Alexandru M. Plesa
Honors Theses
Organisms have evolved numerous specialized molecules for constantly responding to environmental changes. Examples of such molecules are the light-driven proton-pump rhodopsins, such as bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and cruxrhodopsin (cR), and the carotenoid pigments, such as retinal and bacterioruberin. In halophilic Archaea, retinal can covalently bind bacterioopsin (BO) and cruxopsin (CO) to form the corresponding protein complexes, and its biosynthesis is indirectly controlled by the activity of the lycopene elongase (Lye) enzyme, which converts lycopene, a retinal precursor, to a form of bacterioruberin. Interestingly, opsins were shown to inhibit the activity of Lye, thereby promoting retinal biosynthesis and indirectly regulating the apoprotein-cofactor …
Regulation Of Arf16-2 By Microrna160 During Soybean Root Nodule Development,
2017
South Dakota State University
Regulation Of Arf16-2 By Microrna160 During Soybean Root Nodule Development, Spencer Schreier
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soybean is an excellent candidate for sustainable agriculture due to its production of nutritious, versatile beans and the ability to form symbiotic organs called root nodules that perform nitrogen fixation. As demand for both yield and sustainable agriculture continue to increase, root nodules offer an attractive alternative to expensive and environmentally harmful nitrogen fertilizers. Understanding root nodule formation may open genetic engineering avenues for optimizing nitrogen fixation performance and transferring the nodule-formation ability to other plants. A major determinant of nodule numbers and quality in soybean is microRNA 160 (miR160), which dictates developmental stage-specific auxin sensitivity by targeting repressor auxin …
The Synthetic Biology Of N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria For Photosynthetic Terpenoid Production,
2017
South Dakota State University
The Synthetic Biology Of N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria For Photosynthetic Terpenoid Production, Charles T. Halfmann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the last few decades, concerns over global climate change, energy security, and environmental pollution have been rising. To overcome these challenges, the concept of “-nth generation” biofuels has emerged as a strategy to convert solar radiation into fuels and bulk industrial chemicals for societal use, while decreasing our consumption of nonrenewable energy sources. Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria hold a distinct advantage in biofuel production over plants, given their ability to convert sunlight, air (CO2 and N2), and mineralized water to energy-dense carbon molecules, as well as fix atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia for metabolism. Engineered cyanobacteria with …
Avoiding Proteolysis During Protein Purification,
2017
Technological University Dublin
Avoiding Proteolysis During Protein Purification, Barry J. Ryan, Gary T. Henehan
Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings
All cells contain proteases which hydrolyze the peptide bonds between amino acids in a protein backbone. Typically, proteases are prevented from nonspecific proteolysis by regulation and by their physical separation into different subcellular compartments; however, this segregation is not retained during cell lysis, which is the initial step in any protein isolation procedure. Prevention of proteolysis during protein purification often takes the form of a two-pronged approach; firstly inhibition of proteolysis in situ, followed by the early separation of the protease from the protein of interest via chromatographical purification. Protease inhibitors are routinely used to limit the effect of the …
Progesterone Receptor And Prostaglandins Mediate Luteinizing Hormone-Induced Changes In Messenger Rnas For Adamts Proteases In Theca Cells Of Bovine Periovulatory Follicles,
2017
Oklahoma State University
Progesterone Receptor And Prostaglandins Mediate Luteinizing Hormone-Induced Changes In Messenger Rnas For Adamts Proteases In Theca Cells Of Bovine Periovulatory Follicles, Erin L. Willis, Phillip J. Bridges, Joanne E. Fortune
Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications
Little is known about the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family of extracellular proteases in ovarian follicles of non‐rodent species, particularly in theca cells. In the present study, temporal changes in the abundance of mRNA encoding four ADAMTS subtypes and hormonal regulation of mRNA encoding two subtypes were investigated in theca interna cells during the periovulatory period in cattle. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected into animals to induce a luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) surge, and follicles were obtained at 0 hr post‐GnRH (preovulatory) or at 6, 12, 18, or 24 hr (periovulatory). ADAMTS1, ‐2, …
Development And Characterization Of Novel Anti-Bat Monoclonal Antibodies For Studying Bat Immunity,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Development And Characterization Of Novel Anti-Bat Monoclonal Antibodies For Studying Bat Immunity, Cailyn Cowan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Profiling Resistance To P450-Activated Food Carcinogens Using Toxicogenomic Approaches In Budding Yeast,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Profiling Resistance To P450-Activated Food Carcinogens Using Toxicogenomic Approaches In Budding Yeast, Nicholas Stjohn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The human response to environmental carcinogens, some of which require metabolic activation, is highly variable. Factors such as environment, lifestyle, and genetics all influence the rates of exposure to and ultimate bioactivation of these compounds. Genetic factors include mutations to cell-cycle regulation, cell proliferation, and DNA repair genes; however, epidemiological studies may lack significance due to inadequate patient numbers. We used budding yeast as a model organism to determine genetic susceptibility to food-associated carcinogens, including aflatoxin (AFB1) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs). Budding yeast does not contain P450s that activate these compounds, so expression vectors were induced that contain human …
Altered Lipid Metabolism And Adipocyte Activity Support Her2+ Breast Cancer Progression,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Altered Lipid Metabolism And Adipocyte Activity Support Her2+ Breast Cancer Progression, Jason Wong
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Overexpression of HER2 (ERBB2/neu) in breast cancer is an established clinical marker for aggressive disease and increased mortality. HER2+ breast cancers have increased protein levels of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and overexpression of its coding gene, ERBB2. Many HER2+ tumors feature concomitant co-expression of the Nuclear Receptor subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 (NR1D1/RevERBα) which regulates adipogenesis and circadian rhythm; the dysregulation of these two processes are known risk factors for breast cancer. HER2+ breast cancer cells have increased lipid synthesis, with evidence suggesting that NR1D1 is responsible for the upregulation of several genes in the de novo …
Structural And Functional Characterization Of An Unusual Camp Responsive Transcription Factor, Cmr, In Tb Complex Mycobacteria,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Structural And Functional Characterization Of An Unusual Camp Responsive Transcription Factor, Cmr, In Tb Complex Mycobacteria, Sridevi Ranganathan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis in humans, is an intracellular pathogen that infects millions of people every year. Mtb can survive inside the host for extended periods of time by sensing and adapting to the host environmental stressors. Transcriptional gene regulation plays a critical role in this adaptation. This dissertation focuses on understanding the structural and functional aspects of one such transcriptional regulatory unit, Cmr (Rv1675c), in Mtb.
Retinal Disease Modeling And Drug Screening Using Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Retinal Disease Modeling And Drug Screening Using Stem Cell Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Janmeet Singh Saini
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The eye is an intricate organ, possessing sensory receptors in the retina that are involved in visual perception. The retina consists primarily of the neural layer, referred to as the neural retina, and the pigmented layer, referred to as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The neural retina and RPE develop and mature in a coordinated manner, and depend on each other for survival. In a mature healthy retina, the retinal photoreceptor outer segments interdigitate with the RPE monolayer, and they co-exchange key supportive factors. RPE cells are indispensable for the health of the retina as they are involved in a …
A Tale Of Two Regulators : Characterization Of The Novel Transcription Factor Abmr And The Small Non-Coding Rna Mcr11 In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
A Tale Of Two Regulators : Characterization Of The Novel Transcription Factor Abmr And The Small Non-Coding Rna Mcr11 In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Roxanne Candice Girardin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Genes of unknown function make up nearly one third of Mtb’s genome (Cole,
Influence Of The Pre-Initiation Complex On Mediator Recruitment In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Influence Of The Pre-Initiation Complex On Mediator Recruitment In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Elisabeth Rose Knoll
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The Mediator complex plays a central, highly conserved role in eukaryotic transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) by stimulating the cooperative assembly of a pre-initiation complex (PIC) and recruitment of Pol II for gene activation. Mediator recruitment has generally been ascribed to sequence-specific activators engaging subunits from the tail module which in turn function to recruit the middle and head for complete assembly at the UAS. Mediator subunits of the middle and head then bridge the enhancer to connect with the PIC at the core promoter. It is reported that Mediator recruitment at the UAS preferentially occurs at SAGA-dependent, …
The Role Of The Mediator Transcriptional Co-Activator Complex And Promoter Dependence In Ty1 Retrotransposition In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
The Role Of The Mediator Transcriptional Co-Activator Complex And Promoter Dependence In Ty1 Retrotransposition In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Alicia Salinero
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that replicate via an RNA intermediary and constitute a significant portion of most eukaryotic genomes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been invaluable to retrotransposon research due to the presence of an active retroelement known as Ty1. The mobility of Ty1 is regulated both positively and negatively by numerous host factors, including several subunits of the Mediator transcriptional co-activator complex. The Mediator core complex is organized into genetically and structurally defined head, middle, and tail modules, along with a transiently associated kinase module. We show that with the exception of the kinase module, deletion of non-essential subunits from …
Effects Of Antibiotic Treatment On The Expression Of Hepatic And Intestinal Cytochrome P450,
2017
University at Albany, State University of New York
Effects Of Antibiotic Treatment On The Expression Of Hepatic And Intestinal Cytochrome P450, Bruno Pereira De Carvalho
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Expression of metabolic enzymes Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is highly affected by drugs, diseases, age and gender. The Intestinal microflora has been suggested to play a role in regulating CYP expression and antibiotic treatments would lead to changes in level and composition of microbiota in mouse gut. This study aims to analyze CYP expression changes in the liver and small intestine resulted from the reduction of intestinal microflora by antibiotics. Impacts on bile acid signaling were also analyzed for a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in this modulation. Female C57BL/6J mice (9- to 13-week old) were treated with ampicillin (AMP) …
Differential Precipitation And Solubilisation Of Proteins,
2017
Technological University Dublin
Differential Precipitation And Solubilisation Of Proteins, Barry J. Ryan, Gemma K. Kinsella
Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings
Differential protein precipitation is a rapid and economical step in protein purification and is based on exploiting the inherent physicochemical properties of the polypeptide. Precipitation of recombinant proteins, lysed from the host cell, is commonly used to concentrate the protein of choice before further polishing steps with more selective purification columns (e.g., His-Tag, Size Exclusion, etc.). Recombinant proteins can also precipitate naturally as inclusion bodies due to various influences during overexpression in the host cell. Although this phenomenon permits easier initial separation from native proteins, these inclusion bodies must carefully be differentially solubilized so as to reform functional, correctly folded …
Biochemical And Molecular Assessment Of Toxicity Of Primaquine Metabolites On Erythrocytes,
2017
University of Mississippi
Biochemical And Molecular Assessment Of Toxicity Of Primaquine Metabolites On Erythrocytes, Jagrati Jain
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The 8-aminoquinoline (8AQ) antimalarial drug primaquine (PQ) is the only drug for prevention of malaria relapse. Moreover, PQ also has gametocytocidal activity against Plasmodium falciparum. However, clinical use of PQ has been limited due to its hemolytic toxicity, especially in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals. Phenolic and quinone metabolites generated via cytochrome P450-dependent pathways appear to be responsible for hemolytic effects of PQ. However, the mechanism for the hemolytic toxicity of PQ is still poorly understood. To explore the mechanism, targets, and pathways for toxicity of PQ, normal and G6PDd human erythrocytes were treated with the potential hemotoxic metabolites of …
