“C1orf150”: A Novel Regulator Of Jak2 Kinase, And Candidate Tumor Suppressor In Human Blood Cell Progenitors,
2020
University of New Hampshire, Durham
“C1orf150”: A Novel Regulator Of Jak2 Kinase, And Candidate Tumor Suppressor In Human Blood Cell Progenitors, Tyler M. Wade
Honors Theses and Capstones
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an essential growth factor for red blood cell (RBC) production. In response to anemia, hypoxia-sensing cells in the kidney express and release EPO. EPO then acts in bone marrow to drive RBC formation from erythroid progenitors. Upon binding to its cell surface receptor, EPO triggers a JAK2 kinase signaling cascade for progenitor cell growth. Our lab has discovered a novel regulator of JAK2, “C1ORF150” (“150”). “150” is conserved in H sapiens and primates and is a new orthologue of the B-cell receptor adaptor protein and tumor marker, HGAL. Using a shRNA knockdown approach, I investigated the actions …
Understanding The Rage Signaling Pathway And Its Contribution To Diabetic Complications,
2020
University at Albany, State University of New York
Understanding The Rage Signaling Pathway And Its Contribution To Diabetic Complications, Leon Vegas Ho
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The binding of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is an important feature of the RAGE signaling pathway that plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Under high glucose concentration, RAGE expression increases immensely from the formation of a Schiff base by glucose bounded to lysine. This triggers an inflammatory and immune response and upregulates the expression of RAGE and causes an accumulation of AGEs in the body. As a result, this leads to the development of diabetes and other complications such as, atherosclerosis, nephrothapy, and retinopathy. To remedy AGE accumulation, …
Novel Substrate-Free Cholinesterase Based Sensing Of Organophosphorus Compounds,
2020
University at Albany, State University of New York
Novel Substrate-Free Cholinesterase Based Sensing Of Organophosphorus Compounds, Hailey J. Marini
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The increasing concerns of chemical weapons used by terrorists is growing, creating a need for infield detection methods that can rapidly detect these compounds that are a major health concern for civilians and military personnel. Displacement is a novel concept for the detection of cholinesterase inhibitors, including organophosphorus compounds, that could replace the classical instrumentation methods currently being used for diagnostics.
Targeting The Rage Signaling Pathway To Ameliorate The Complications Of Diabetes,
2020
University at Albany, State University of New York
Targeting The Rage Signaling Pathway To Ameliorate The Complications Of Diabetes, Stephen James Dansereau
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Diabetes is a global health epidemic that can be devastating to those afflicted,
Biochemical And Chemical Methods Of Key Derivation For Cryptographic Ciphers,
2020
University at Albany, State University of New York
Biochemical And Chemical Methods Of Key Derivation For Cryptographic Ciphers, Leif K. Mcgoldrick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cryptography is a vital component of digital communication and digital data in general. The use of cryptography is necessary to support the veracity of data and to protect it from outside parties with malicious intent. Cryptography focuses on two main facets that are vital for this goal: data encryption and user authentication. Encryption protects the data by transforming it into an encrypted text that would not allow someone access without having or breaking the encryption method that was used to make it. User authentication is a multiple part process that allows for one to be able to identify oneself to …
Development Of Small Molecule Antibiotics Against A Conserved Rna Gene Regulatory Element In Gram-Positive Bacteria,
2020
University at Albany, State University of New York
Development Of Small Molecule Antibiotics Against A Conserved Rna Gene Regulatory Element In Gram-Positive Bacteria, Ville Yrjö Petteri Väre
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Bacterial infections and the rise of antibiotic resistance, especially multidrug resistant strains, have generated a clear need for discovery of novel therapeutics. Most antibiotics in use today are derivatives of previous antibiotics to which resistance mechanisms already exist, and traditionally they have a single target: either a protein or rRNA. Gram-positive bacteria regulate the expression of several essential genes or operons using a mechanism called the T-box. The T-box is a structurally conserved riboswitch-like gene regulator in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of numerous essential genes of Gram-positive bacteria. T-boxes are stabilized by cognate, unacylated tRNA ligands, allowing the formation of …
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery,
2020
University at Albany, State University of New York
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In addition to the traditional biochemical functions, DNA and RNA have been increasingly studied as building blocks for the formation of various 2D and 3D nanostructures. DNA has emerged as a versatile building block for programmable self-assembly. DNA-based nanostructures have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, molecular computation and macromolecular scaffolding. A variety of strategies have been developed to functionalize these nanostructures. The major advantage is that DNA is a very stable molecule and its base-pairing properties can be easily utilized to control and program the formation of desired nanostructures. In addition, some of these DNA/RNA nanostructures have …
Role Of Microrna-483 In Pancreatic Β-Cells,
2020
Michigan Technological University
Role Of Microrna-483 In Pancreatic Β-Cells, Jackson Waugh
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Insulin is an essential hormone produced by β-cells in the pancreas. The release of insulin is tightly regulated in healthy people in order to control blood sugar level in our body. However, people with Type 2 Diabetes have insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, leaving to high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and β-cell failure. microRNAs (miRNAs or miR) are newly discovered small regulatory molecules and have emerged as important regulator of cell growth, differentiation, and organ function. Altered miRNA function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human disease, including diabetes. In this report, we focus on dissecting …
Life In A Rural Emergency Department: Patients Speak To Underlying, Fundamental Disparities In Physician And Resource Allocation,
2020
Grand Valley State University
Life In A Rural Emergency Department: Patients Speak To Underlying, Fundamental Disparities In Physician And Resource Allocation, Jessica Gustad
Honors Projects
In the Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, access to health care was defined as, “The availability of an adequate supply of health care services and the individual’s opportunity to obtain health care when it is wanted or needed” (MacKinney, 2014). Current trends in rural emergency departments are trying to communicate a critical message about the fundamental problems with the distribution of health care services in America today and the inability to properly meet the definition above. In rural communities, patient complaints and behaviors demonstrate the pressing concerns of inadequate access to primary care, limited specialty care, insufficient mental …
A Review Of Small Molecule Inhibitors And Functional Probes Of Human Cathepsin L,
2020
CUNY Queens College
A Review Of Small Molecule Inhibitors And Functional Probes Of Human Cathepsin L, Dibyendu Dana, Sanjai Kumar
Publications and Research
Human cathepsin L belongs to the cathepsin family of proteolytic enzymes with primarily an endopeptidase activity. Although its primary functions were originally thought to be only of a housekeeping enzyme that degraded intracellular and endocytosed proteins in lysosome, numerous recent studies suggest that it plays many critical and specific roles in diverse cellular settings. Not surprisingly, the dysregulated function of cathepsin L has manifested itself in several human diseases, making it an attractive target for drug development. Unfortunately, several redundant and isoform-specific functions have recently emerged, adding complexities to the drug discovery process. To address this, a series of chemical …
Structural Dynamics Of Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (Itpa) Protein And Two Clinically Relevant Mutants: Molecular Dynamics Simulations,
2020
Eastern Washington University
Structural Dynamics Of Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase (Itpa) Protein And Two Clinically Relevant Mutants: Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Yao Houndonougbo, Bethany Pugh, Kandise Vanwormer, Caitlin April, Nicholas Burgis
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications
The inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) protein is responsible for removing noncanonical purine nucleoside triphosphates from intracellular nucleotide pools. Absence of ITPA results in genomic instability and increased levels of inosine in DNA and RNA. The proline to threonine substitution at position 32 (P32T) affects roughly 15% of the global population and can modulate treatment outcomes for cancer, lupus, and hepatitis C patients. The substitution of arginine with cysteine at position 178 (R178C) is extremely uncommon and has only been reported in a small cohort of early infantile encephalopathy patients suggesting that a functional ITPA protein is required for life in …
Optimization Of Dapoxyl Aptamer For Label-Free Bioanalysis,
2020
University of Central Florida
Optimization Of Dapoxyl Aptamer For Label-Free Bioanalysis, Jack E. Mordeson, Ryan P. Connelly, Pedro F. Madalozzo, Yulia Gerasimova
Digital Repository: Showcase of Undergraduate Research Excellence
No abstract provided.
Fluvial Sediment Organic Matter Degradation Identified With Elemental And Isotopic Fate During Laboratory Incubation,
2020
University of Kentucky
Fluvial Sediment Organic Matter Degradation Identified With Elemental And Isotopic Fate During Laboratory Incubation, Brenden Riddle
Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering
Fluvial sediment is well recognized as a critical factor in both carbon and nutrient budgets within stream systems. However, we find very few studies of reactivity and isotope enrichment for stream water from agricultural and urban streams and the class of substrate known as fluvial sediment organic matter. This study investigated the hypothesis that fluvial sediment is subject to degradation even though many previous studies have considered this class of substrate generally inert. Therefore we qualify that elemental and isotopic signatures of fluvial sediment organic matter should be considered potentially non-conservative when used in tracer studies. Methods applied to this …
Physicochemical Characterization, Structural Determination, And Molecular Dynamic Modeling Of Proso Millet Proteins For Enhanced Food Functionality,
2020
University of Kentucky
Physicochemical Characterization, Structural Determination, And Molecular Dynamic Modeling Of Proso Millet Proteins For Enhanced Food Functionality, Felix Akharume
Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
More than one-third of Americans today incorporate plant-based protein into their diet and about 40% believed that plant-based protein is healthier than animal protein, especially Millennials. The increasing global demand for plant-based proteins driven by the high cost of animal proteins, consumers’ desire for lean protein, vegetarianism, and the need for more sustainable green protein products have necessitated research into alternate emerging and underutilized sources of protein to complement or supplement the major plant protein in the market- soy, pea, and gluten. Therefore, this dissertation is focused on the valorization of the proteins in proso millet. Specifically, this work focused …
Optimisation Of Estrogen Receptor Subtype-Selectivity Of A 4-Aryl-4h-Chromene Scaffold Previously Identified By Virtual Screening,
2020
Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Optimisation Of Estrogen Receptor Subtype-Selectivity Of A 4-Aryl-4h-Chromene Scaffold Previously Identified By Virtual Screening, Miriam Carr, Andrew Knox, Daniel Nevin, Niamh O'Boyle, Shu Wang, Billy Egan, Thomas Mccabe, Brendan Twamley, Daniela Zisterer, David Lloyd, Mary Meegan
Articles
4-Aryl-4H-Chromene derivatives have been previously shown to exhibit anti-proliferative, apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activity in a variety of tumor models in vitro and in vivo generally via activation of caspases through inhibition of tubulin polymerisation. We have previously identified by Virtual Screening (VS) a 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold, of which two examples were shown to bind Estrogen Receptor α and β with low nanomolar affinity and <20-fold selectivity for α over β and low micromolar anti-proliferative activity in the MCF-7 cell line. Thus, using the 4-aryl-4H-chromene scaffold as a starting point, a series of compounds with a range of basic arylethers at C-4 and modifications at the C3-ester substituent of the benzopyran ring were synthesised, producing some potent ER antagonists in the MCF-7 cell line which were highly selective for ERα (compound 35; 350-fold selectivity) or ERβ (compound 42; 170-fold selectivity).
Gravity-Drawing Flexible Silicone Filaments As Fiber Optics And Model Foldamers,
2020
Claremont Colleges
Gravity-Drawing Flexible Silicone Filaments As Fiber Optics And Model Foldamers, Katherine Snell
CMC Senior Theses
Here, we present a method of gravity-drawing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone fibers with application as fiber optics and as model foldamers. Beginning as a viscous liquid, PDMS is cured using heat until its measured viscosity reaches 4000 mPa•s. The semi-cured elastomer is then extruded through a tube furnace to produce thin (diameters on the order of hundred micrometers) filaments with scalable lengths. PDMS is biocompatible, gas-permeable, flexible, and hydrophobic. Additionally, the PDMS surface hydrophobicity can be modified via UV exposure, O2 plasma, and corona discharge. We demonstrate the patternibility (i.e patterns of hydrophobicity) of PDMS fibers, adding complexity to potential foldamer …
Evaluating A Culprit: A Review Of The Biochemical Mechanisms Of Non-Celiac Gluten Intolerance,
2020
University of Richmond
Evaluating A Culprit: A Review Of The Biochemical Mechanisms Of Non-Celiac Gluten Intolerance, Callie Cinque
Honors Theses
Non-Celiac Gluten Intolerance (NCGI) has evaded biological and chemical mechanisms since it was first reported in 1978. Celiac Disease, a multi-system immune mediated disorder has long served as the most similar counterpart to NCGI. Less cases of celiac disease are going undiagnosed reflecting an improvement on sensitive and decisive diagnostic tools. However, NCGI has been significantly growing as a diagnosis over the past decade with little match or similarity to the markers found in celiac disease patients. Critical evaluation of NCGI theories, experimentation, and existing hypotheses is necessary. This review seeks to synthesize multiple disciplines of gluten research and enhance …
Application Of Β-Chloroenals: One-Pot Syntheses To Create Highly Variable, Functional, And Biologically Interesting Molecules,
2020
University of Richmond
Application Of Β-Chloroenals: One-Pot Syntheses To Create Highly Variable, Functional, And Biologically Interesting Molecules, Julia Powell Siewert
Honors Theses
Pyrroles and pyrazoles are privileged structures which provide a molecular framework found in many different classes of bioactive compounds, thus rendering their syntheses useful in pharmaceutical drug development. Additionally, being able to selectively create these molecules with interesting substituents allows for different pharmacological and biological activities, such as antitumor and antibiotic effects. Our group has used β-chloroenals in the application of many different unique synthetic strategies in the past, and here I show that chloroenals can be used to synthesize novel 1,2,5 trisubstituted pyrroles as well as 1,5 di- and 1,4,5 trisubstituted pyrazoles in fewer steps and with milder conditions …
The Effects Of Signaling Molecules To Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Tumorigenesis At Plant Wound Sites,
2020
University of Richmond
The Effects Of Signaling Molecules To Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Tumorigenesis At Plant Wound Sites, Nicole Walker
Honors Theses
Agrobacterium tumefaciens can live independently within soil before infecting its host (McCullen and Binns, 2006). The bacterium infects the plant through the rhizosphere, an area of soil along the plant root surface which contains microorganisms, making up the “external metabolome” (Bais et al. 2006). As these bacteria live in the rhizosphere, they are exposed to a multitude of chemical signals. These chemical signals include several conditions that must be met before the virulence machinery is expressed. These conditions include signaling from phenols and sugars as well as low PO4 levels and low pH. Upon wounding, sugars and phenols are released …
Therapeutic Dna: Delivery And As A Delivery Vehicle,
2020
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Therapeutic Dna: Delivery And As A Delivery Vehicle, Natalie J. Holl
Masters Theses
"A review of gene delivery methods and gene editing methods, as well as original research utilizing DNA as a delivery vehicle is presented in the following thesis. Thousands of diseases have been linked to genes. Gene therapy, either delivering therapeutic genes or editing DNA bases, has arisen as a treatment option with the potential to cure diseases, rather than just ease symptoms. Genes and editing tools need to be delivered to cells for these therapies to be effective and many techniques have been developed to address the issue of delivery. Nonviral and viral methods have been used to deliver nucleic …
