Economics Commons^™

Address Given At The Annual Convention Of The Ground Water Management Districts Association, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

It is good to be back in Nebraska. As many of you know, water resources was my major field of endeavor a dozen years ago when I was on the faculty of University of Nebraska. My Ph.D. dissertation involved water law and water administration in the central United States, and I know you have a number of states represented here that were involved in that particular study. Those states were Kansas, Colorado, Iowa and Nebraska, but with some spillover into other geographic areas as well. At that time, of course, I spent a lot of time with people like Don …

Major Issues Facing Agriculture As Our Nation Moves Toward A Domestic And International Food And Agricultural Policy, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

It is a pleasure for me to speak this evening before such a distinguished group of agribusiness and academic representatives, all of whom have a common interest. Twenty years ago, that interest would have been denominated as "agricultural policy". Today it would be called "food policy", which presumably is a broader term. Food policy is usually defined to encompass the interests of everyone in the production and marketing process from producer to consumer. It is by no means limited geographically, but encompasses people and firms who are involved -- directly or indirectly, domestically and internationally - in the food business. …

U. S. Trade Policy - Procedures And Prospects, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

To fully understand U.S. trade policy today, one must also understand its process of evolution. ~n particular, one must comprehend our trade policy of the late 1960's and early 1970 1 s, culminating in passage of the Trade Act of 1974. Putting it another way, a Brazilian businessman will be able to predict with much more accuracy what the U.S. will or will not do on trade issues in the coming years if he knows what the U.S. did or did not do on trade issues during the past few years, and why. Our trade policy of today is very …

Issues Facing U.S. Farmers And Their Cooperatives, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

It is a pleasure for me to speak this morning to this dynamic group of young farm families. Those of .us who were actively involved in farming a few years back are continually amazed at the talent that has come along" to succeed us. Farming has indeed changed more than we realize. That is not a new discovery, for thousands of articles have been written about the technological revolution in agriculture. But relatively little attention has been given to the change in farm families themselves. without doubt, the quality level of young farmers and their wives - whether it be …

Food And Foreign Affairs: The Role Of Agricultural Trade Policy In International Commerce And Domestic Relations, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Until that now famous series of Russian grain sales took place in 1972 agricultural policy in the United States had begun to lose its sex appeal! It had its challenges in the drought and depression years of the '30s, and again during World War II, but in both those cases the concern was whether we could produce enough for our needs. In the earlier of those decades, we had an additional preoccupation with the economic survival of our farming communities. Farm families had to.be strong in every sense of the word to live through the '30s.

Liberalized Agricultural Trade -- At The Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Bilaterally Or Not At All!, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

For most of the 20th century, much of the world has fretted about agricultural surpluses. This has been particularly true of the major producing nations, with the United States being in the forefront. Only a decade ago, our "ever normal granaries" were bursting at their steel seams, and we were immersed in another agonizing appraisal of U.S. farm policy.

Then the shock came! In 1972 everything went wrong on the production front droughts, early frosts, monsoon problems, even the fish meal supply diminished because of an uncooperative ocean current. We suddenly realized that man was not quite as omniscient as …

Statement Of Ambassador Clayton K. Yeutter Representative Of The United States To The Thirty-Second Session Of The Contracting Parties To The General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade, November 22/23, 1976 Geneva, Switzerland, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Mr. Chairman: IT IS AN HONOR FOR ME TO REPRESENT THE UNITED STATES AT THIS THIRTY-SECOND SESSION OF THE GATT CONTRACTING PARTIES. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS MEETING EXTENDS WELL BEYOND THE SPECIFIC TRADE ISSUES ON THE AGENDA BEFORE US. IT REPRESENTS A CONTINUING EFFORT TO RESOLVE COMMON ECONOMIC PROBLEMS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION. THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS EFFORT SHOULD NOT BE UNDERESTIMATED. WE ALL SHARE A FUNDAMENTAL SELF-INTEREST IN PRESERVING; IN THE FACE OF MAJOR ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES; AN OPEN TRADING SYSTEM BASED ON COOPERATION UNDER AGREED INTERNATIONAL RULES.

Testimony Of Ambassador Clayton K. Yeutter U.S. Deputy Special Representative For Trade Negotiations The American Role In East-West Trade Before The U.S. Senate Committee On Commerce, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee:

Thank you for extending to me this opportunity to participate in these hearings on the current status of East-West trade. This review of the U.S. role in East-West trade is both important and timely. Ambassador Dent had looked forward to being with you, and regrets that he is out of the country and unable to testify today.

Facing The Economic Issue, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Perhaps the most significant item on America's unfinished agenda is the status of our economy. We are all aware of serious difficulties in our economic structure today. We could scarcely fail to notice, what with recent devaluations of the dollar, double-digit inflation, serious unemployment, recession and staggering Federal budget deficits.

Obviously, we have not yet achieved the ideal economic system. Even worse, we seem to have major disagreement about where we are and the direction in which we want to travel.

Stages In Corporate Stability And The Risks Of Corporate Failure, Richard C. Edwards

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

Few would deny that the U.S. economy is today dominated by huge corporations. Much recent writing has proposed that these corporations form a stable and monopolistic (or oligopolistic) "core" around which a more competitive "peripheral" sector exists. Firms in the core are said to be "eternal," while firms in the periphery demonstrate the mortality and high turnover expected in competitive industries. In another context, Paul Baran and Paul Sweezy emphasized the permanence of big corporations when they noted:

The real capitalist today is not the individual businessman but the corporation. .. . The giant corporation of today is an engine …

Address By The Honorable Clayton K. Yeutter Assistant Secretary Of Agriculture For International Affairs & Commodity Programs U.S. Department Of Agriculture To The 51st Annual Convention Of The American Cotton Shippers Association, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Thank you very much, Heinz.

You know, this program has gone so well this morning, that it is with some trepidation that l even stand up.

My compliments to everybody here at the table who has been before this podium today.

Hans, I think this is the best organized, best presented program on which I have appeared in many, many months and, I have appeared on a lot of them.

I "take my hat off" to all of you.

Beyond that, I want to say to all of you, before I get into the substance of my remarks, that although …

"Producing A World Crop In A World Market", Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

From the very beginning, rice in the United States has been an export crop. History shows that the development of the U.S. rice industry started in about 1964, and by 1698 sufficient rice was being produced to warrant an effort to export it.

That same year a petition was drawn up in South Caroline where the rice was being produced to get the English to drop their import tariffs on colony-produced rice. Two years later about 300 tons were shipped to England.

Youth And The Rural Resurgence, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Many of us have been concerned about the apparent decline of rural America for some time. We have watched the outmigration of people from farms and rural towns. We have worried about the substandard housing and the relative scarcity of health care. We have charted declining economic bases I and shrinking rural job markets.

Thus, it is a.particular pleasure today to see rural America staging a comeback. A radical turnaround is under way in rural and small town areas. It is changing the destiny of these areas, making them more attractive places for young people like yourselves to locate and …

The Dangerous Time, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

This is the most dangerous legislative period for American farming in at least ten years. Not since 1965, when low farm incomes and massive crop surpluses forced the beginning of a radical shift in our farm policy approach, has there existed as much potential for backward steps in our farm program.

The nation made the right choice ten years ago. Our farm programs have gradually become more market-oriented and more export-oriented since that time. Acreage allotments and bases have been relaxed. Farmers have been given more management freedom, which they have used to increase their productive efficiency. Massive surpluses have …

The Psychology Of Recovery, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Franklin Roosevelt said during the Great Depression, 11 The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." That may have seemed ironic to the man standing in line outside a soup kitchen at the time. But the statement was true; in the 1930's, we let fear drive us into some policies that worsened the Great Depression and made it longer and more far-reaching than might otherwise have been the case.

By the same token, our attitude toward the present recession can play an important role in getting us out of it. And nothing will do more for American agriculture …

The Changing Congressional Climate, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

The current legislative climate for American agriculture is illustrated by the House Agriculture Committee in the new Congress. The committee in the last session had 37 members and was chaired by Rep. Poage of Texas. The House Agriculture Committee today has 43 members, and is chaired by Rep. Foley of the State of Washington.

The committee was enlarged this session to make room for all of the new Congressmen who wanted to serve on it. Only a few years ago, new Congressmen had to be dragooned onto the Agriculture Committee.

Quick Economic Action Needed To Help Agriculture, Yeutter Says:, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

"American agriculture needs a healthy non-farm economy to prosper fully. Right now, that means taking some strong economic medicine, which President Ford has prescribed," said Clayton K. Yeutter, Assistant Secretary of Agriculture and Nebraska farmer-rancher in Omaha today. Speaking to the Omaha Chamber of Commerce Agribusiness Club, Mr. Yeutter said that the economies of the United States and most of the world have been thrown out of kilter by the combination of the oil crisis and business cycle downturns.

Looking Forward, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

A couple of weeks ago, on my Far Eastern tour, I visited a farm in Taiwan. The contrast with Montana could not have been more striking.

This was a good-sized farm by Taiwanese standards, about 10 acres. It is farmed by a father and his six sons, and provides most of the support for the 40 people in their families. The agriculture is highly intensive. They alternate rice and vegetables on their land, getting at least two crops of each per year. They were also raising hogs--completely confined from birth to slaughter because land is so precious. There were no …

Soybeans -- What To Look For In 1975, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

I have just returned from a tour of our major farm product customers in the Far East -- Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the Philippines. The most impressive thing I found there was the forward-looking spirit of these nations, and their driving determination to continue their economic growth in spite of the world's current energy and inflation problems.

All of these nations are vitally interested in American farm products, with soybeans high on their priority lists. All of them are looking past the current recession atmosphere, and planning for the future. All of them have more protein for their diets as …

Food Trade And Aid, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

The key question on food policy in the world today is how we can get maximum effective output from the world's agriculture in the years ahead. ·World food production will likely need to double in the next 25 years if we are going to meet the needs of the world's rapidly growing population and to provide the higher standard of eating that so many of the world's peoples desire.

We cannot attain that level of efficient food production without a far more efficient and effective world agriculture than we have today.

Opportunity For Farmers, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

I am very pleased to be here in the Missouri Delta, among some of the people who are really making our farming decisions these days. I think one of the most effective economic decisions we have made recently was to turn farmers loose to manage their own farms, and to stop trying to manage them by long-distance from Washington. The wisdom of that decision is on display here in the Missouri Delta.

Improving A Harsh Climate, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

America's livestock industries currently are facing a harsh climate. I refer not just to the weather problems that lowered feedstuffs production this year -- though the weather has certainly been bad enough. We started the year with drought in the Southwest that hit grain sorghum production and a good bit of feed wheat. Then the heavy rains delayed corn planting -- and the long, hot dry spell struck those late-planted crops and nearly finished some of them. Now we have had problems with early frost.

A Sense Of Pride, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

It gives me great pleasure to be here this morning, and to congratulate you in person for the outstanding work that your Committees have done in the past 5 years. You have helped American farmers achieve remarkable economic progress. You have helped make a resounding success of the shift to a market-oriented farm policy. That success is bringing major benefits to American farmers, to American rural life, to consumers and taxpayers across the country and to people all over the world who are seeking better diets and a more rewarding existence.

Agricultural Policy In The Years Ahead, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

The whole basis for U.S. agricultural policy is changing.

Agricultural policy in the years just behind us has been dominated by the technological revolution in agriculture. Beginning with the late 1920's, new technology that had a tremendous impact on productivity and employment began to enter farming. The gasoline tractor and hybrid corn were just a couple of the new developments that helped move farming out of the horsepowered era and into the nuclear ago.

Dual Labor Markets: A Theory Of Labor Market Segmentation, Michael Reich, David M. Gordon, Richard C. Edwards

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

A growing body of empirical research has documented persistent divisions among American workers: divisions by race, sex, educational credentials, industry grouping, and so forth (F. B. Weisskoff, B. Bluestone, S. Bowles and H. Gintis, D. Gordon, 1971 and 1972, B. Harrison, M. Reich, H. Wachtel and C. Betsey, and H. Zellner). These groups seem to operate in different labor markets, with different working conditions, different promotional opportunities, different wages, and different market institutions.

These continuing labor market divisions pose anomalies for neoclassical economists. Orthodox theory assumes that profit-maximizing employers evaluate workers in terms of their individual characteristics and predicts that …

Fiscal Federalism: Program Budgeting And The Multilevel Governmental Setting, F. Gregory Hayden

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to determine what theoretical and policy conclusions are consistent with the orthodox theory of social and merit wants, the treatment of distribution as a component of efficiency, and a Planning-Programming-Budgeting System when they are placed in a federalist setting with states’ rights and local autonomy. The conclusion is that neither matching nor equalization grants should be used in intergovernmental fiscal relations and that use of traditional intergovernmental fiscal devices will not assure success of a programmed budget.

Two Keynesian Models Of Simultaneous Inflation And Unemployment: Comment, Craig Macphee

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

In his article J. Kirker Stephens demonstrates the possibility of simultaneous inflation and unemployment in a simple Keynesian model by relaxing the assumption of labor hornogeneity. As he correctly points out, most graphical and algebraic presentations of Keynesian models have not been used before lo illustrate this empirically important phenomenon. On the other hand, Professor Stephens does not explain how the problem has been analyzed before, albeit verbally, in the traditional Keynesian framework. Consequently, it may riot be readily apparent that complicating this framework with the assumption of diversified labor violates a venerable methodological rule: pluralites non est ponenda sine …

Economic Sophistication In Nineteenth Century Congressional Tariff Debates, Richard C. Edwards

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

One of the most controversial economic issues confronting the American public during the nineteenth century was that of protection. The plea for a protective tariff had been raised as soon as the First Congress met in 1789. The issue was sharply debated off and on throughout the nineteenth century but never finally resolved. There is now a large literature relating the outcome of this issue to the economic and political interests of various involved groups.

Little effort has been made, however, to assess the impact of the tariff on economic growth, employment, and the dispersion of new technology. Nor has …

The Teaching Of Economics - A Radical Approach To Economics: Basis For A New Curriculum, Richard C. Edwards, Arthur Macewan

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to outline a radical approach to economics and to suggest how several important social problems might be dealt with in that framework. Our effort to develop a new curriculum is motivated by the conviction that the orthodox approach to economics cannot deal with the important problems of modern society.

Orthodox economic analysis as presented from the elementary course through the graduate seminar is based upon an acceptance of the status quo in social relations. Microanalysis presupposes the individualistic ownership and decision-making systems typical of capitalist societies, and in this narrow context the pecuniary behavior …

The Proposed Eastern Nebraska International Airport Plan, George T. C. Peng, Joseph H. Bain

Nebraskiana Publications: Resources and Materials on the 37th State

Excerpt from the prologue:

Passenger growth has led to expansion of facilities at both the Omaha and Lincoln airports; but like many others in the nation, they are rapidly becoming congested. The Federal Aviation Administration, the State Government officials, and many civic leaders in Nebraska are now becoming aware of the need for establishing a regional airport for the Eastern Nebraska region in order to promote and handle international air transportation for the future. People are also beginning to think of such a modern airport as an essential factor in bringing new industries to Nebraska and in shaping the urbanization …