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Articles 14251 - 14280 of 115958

Full-Text Articles in Anthropology

Mess Calls From Signal Hill, Newfoundland, Frances L. Stewart Feb 2014

Mess Calls From Signal Hill, Newfoundland, Frances L. Stewart

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Test excavations in the summer of 1984 for a resource inventory of Signal Hill National Historic Park, St. John's, Newfoundland, unearthed 1,954 faunal elements from structures built between 1790 and 1945. These were predominantly military buildings, although some were converted to civilian hospitals. Signalmen and their families have lived on the site also. The site, however, was mainly occupied by a British garrison from 1790 to 1870. The faunal remains from the various structures were analyzed as distinct units, and in this article, those from the buildings constructed and used by the British garrison are emphasized. The majority of the …

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The British Gate Of Fort Beauséjour: An Archaeological Reconstruction, Bruce A. Morton Feb 2014

The British Gate Of Fort Beauséjour: An Archaeological Reconstruction, Bruce A. Morton

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Fifteen years after its initial excavation, the reanalysis of field notes, the final report, and the artifact collection, in addition to communication with the site's original excavator, has resulted in a detailed reconstruction of the main gate at Fort Beauséjour, New Brunswick, Canada. Interpretations generated by this recent reconsideration contribute significantly to what is at present only a scant body of data concerning North American fort gates of the mid-18th century.

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Comparing Museum Collections With Archaeological Collections: An Example Using A Class Of Ceramic Items, Lynne Sussman Feb 2014

Comparing Museum Collections With Archaeological Collections: An Example Using A Class Of Ceramic Items, Lynne Sussman

Northeast Historical Archaeology

An analysis of decorations and shapes in undertaken to examine the development of industrial slipwares. These materials are then compared with creamwares, pearlwares, and whitewares. The samples are drawn from archaeological, museum, and private collections. The author then offers a consideration of the nature of the differences between the archaeological and the museum collections.

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The Structural Evolution Of Fort Frontenac, W. Bruce Stewart Feb 2014

The Structural Evolution Of Fort Frontenac, W. Bruce Stewart

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Fort Frontenac, located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, in Kingston, Ontario, is among the earliest European sites in the Great Lakes Basin. The post was established in 1673 by Count Frontenac, then Governor of New France, as a means of intercepting furs destined for the Dutch and, later, the English merchants at Albany, New York. As the result of ongoing archaeological and historical research, a comprehensive structural history of the post has been developed. As the archaeological investigations have been restricted to the northwest bastion of the fort, that area will serve as the focus of the present …

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French Occupation Of The Lakes Ontario And Erie Drainage Basins 1650-1760, Donald A. Brown Feb 2014

French Occupation Of The Lakes Ontario And Erie Drainage Basins 1650-1760, Donald A. Brown

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Maps dating to the 17th and 18th centuries and written accounts are used to identify a number of contemporary posts en route from Montreal to Detroit/Pontchartrain which otherwise receive little or no mention in the historical record. Archaeological evidence from the undocumented mid-18th-century Floating Bridge site, near Kingston, Ontario, is interpreted as a possible trader's post/Metis habitation occupied following the destruction of Fort Frontenac and prior to the post-1763 British occupation of the area. Evidence is presented for its use by civilians, who selected the site primarily for its environment rather than as a point of intersection on well-travelled trade …

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Acadian Maine In Archaeological Perspective, Alaric Faulkner, Gretchen Faulkner Feb 2014

Acadian Maine In Archaeological Perspective, Alaric Faulkner, Gretchen Faulkner

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Recent excavations at Fort Pentagoet and Saint-Castin's Habitation have shown physical evidence of three separate 17th-century Acadian occupations near the mouth of the Penobscot River in mid-coastal Maine. From 1635 to 1654, Fort Pentagoet defended private commercial interests of Charles d'Aulnay against English enemies and French rivals. From 1670 until its destruction by the Dutch in 1674, the fort served as military headquarters for the administration of all Acadia under governors Grandfontaine and Chambly. During the last quarter of the century, French authority was reestablished with a nearby Indian village at the habitation of Jean Vincent de Saint-Castin. The archaeological …

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A Bibliography Of Northeast Historical Archaeology, David R. Starbuck Feb 2014

A Bibliography Of Northeast Historical Archaeology, David R. Starbuck

Northeast Historical Archaeology

A bibliography including books and articles that relate to historical archaeology in the northeastern states and provinces and all articles published in Northeast Historical Archaeology since its creation.

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The Council For Northeast Historical Archaeology: The Early Years, Budd Wilson Feb 2014

The Council For Northeast Historical Archaeology: The Early Years, Budd Wilson

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Budd Wilson, one of the founders of CNEHA, served on its Executive Board from 1966-1986. What follows are Budd's personal reminiscences of the development of CNEHA over its first 20 years.---Ed.

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The Beginnings Of Modern Historical Archaeology In The Northeast And The Origins Of The Conference On Northeast Historical Archaeology, Paul R. Huey Feb 2014

The Beginnings Of Modern Historical Archaeology In The Northeast And The Origins Of The Conference On Northeast Historical Archaeology, Paul R. Huey

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Historical archaeology entered a remarkable period of growth and development following World War II and continuing through the 1950s and the first half of the 1960s. In addition to the pressing need for salvage archaeology at threatened sites, excavation occurred at many other sites for research purposes including reconstruction of historic buildings. New techniques of underwater exploration increased accessibility of shipwreck sites in the 1950s, and attention also focused increasingly on the problem of developing artifact typologies. Early in the 1960s statistical analysis and comparative study of archaeological data set a new direction, while an increasing number of excavations also …

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Introduction, E. Ann Smith Feb 2014

Introduction, E. Ann Smith

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Introduction to the 20th anniversary volume of Northeast Historical Archaeology.

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Averting Lemur Extinctions Amid Madagascar's Political Crisis, Christoph Schwitzer, Russell Mittermeier, Steig Johnson, Giuseppe Donati, Mitchell Irwin, Heather Peacock, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Josia Razafindramanana, Edward E. Louis, Lounes Chikhi, Ian C. Colquhoun, Jennifer Tinsman, Ranier Dolch, Marni Lafleur, Stephen Nash, Erik Patel, Blanchard Randrianambinina, Tove Rasolofoharivelo, Patricia C. Wright Feb 2014

Averting Lemur Extinctions Amid Madagascar's Political Crisis, Christoph Schwitzer, Russell Mittermeier, Steig Johnson, Giuseppe Donati, Mitchell Irwin, Heather Peacock, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Josia Razafindramanana, Edward E. Louis, Lounes Chikhi, Ian C. Colquhoun, Jennifer Tinsman, Ranier Dolch, Marni Lafleur, Stephen Nash, Erik Patel, Blanchard Randrianambinina, Tove Rasolofoharivelo, Patricia C. Wright

Anthropology Publications

The most threatened mammal group on Earth, Madagascar’s five endemic lemur families (lemurs are found nowhere else), represent more than 20% of the world’s primate species and 30% of family-level diversity. This combination of diversity and uniqueness is unmatched by any other country—remarkable considering that Madagascar is only 1.3 to 2.9% the size of the Neotropics, Africa, or Asia, the other three landmasses where nonhuman primates occur. But lemurs face extinction risks driven by human disturbance of forest habitats. We discuss these challenges and reasons for hope in light of site-specific, local actions proposed in an emergency conservation action plan.

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Interview With Kathy Proffitt (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Interview With Kathy Proffitt (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Oral Histories

Transcript of interview by Brent Björkman with Kathy Proffitt about her experience as a park ranger at Mammoth Cave National Park. In 2013, Kentucky Folklife Program Director Brent Björkman received the Archie Green Fellowship from the Library of Congress to look more intimately at the life stories of the working men and women employed by Mammoth Cave National Park. Part of Folklife Archives Project 1098 titled "Rangerlore: The Occupational Folklife of Parks."

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Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1999 (Fa 663), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1999 (Fa 663), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 663. This collection features information and documentation about the third annual Kentucky Folklife Festival held from September 16-18, 1998 in Frankfort, Kentucky. The festival was sponsored by the Kentucky Folklife Program, an inter-agency program of the Kentucky Historical Society and the Kentucky Arts Council agencies of the Education, Arts and Humanities Cabinet.

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Campbellsville College - Campbellsville, Kentucky - Vernacular Architecture Survey (Fa 771), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Campbellsville College - Campbellsville, Kentucky - Vernacular Architecture Survey (Fa 771), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 771. Survey sheets containing photographs and descriptive narratives about barns, cribs, and cabins chiefly in central and western Kentucky, although some examples were included from as far away as Connecticut.

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Policy Making In Welfare Reform, Misty May Wright, Dr. Donald Forsyth Feb 2014

Policy Making In Welfare Reform, Misty May Wright, Dr. Donald Forsyth

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This paper is to report the results of my study on policy-making in welfare reform. While interning at a special interest group for disability issues in Washington D. C., I conducted ethnographic research through ethnographic interviewing and participant observation. It was my intent to profile the culture of policy-makers, specifically in welfare reform, as part of a more extensive study to compare their culture to those affected by policy. I found that the primary markers of the policy-making culture are information exchange and meetings.

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Interview With Lewis Cutliff (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Interview With Lewis Cutliff (Fa 1098), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Oral Histories

Transcript of interview by Brent Björkman with Lewis Cutliff about his experience as a park ranger at Mammoth Cave National Park. In 2013, Kentucky Folklife Program Director Brent Björkman received the Archie Green Fellowship from the Library of Congress to look more intimately at the life stories of the working men and women employed by Mammoth Cave National Park. Part of Folklife Archives Project 1098 titled "Rangerlore: The Occupational Folklife of Parks."

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Report On The Tullis Ranch Investigation, Margaret Parnell Grindstaff, Dr. Joel Janetski Feb 2014

Report On The Tullis Ranch Investigation, Margaret Parnell Grindstaff, Dr. Joel Janetski

Journal of Undergraduate Research

With the grant provided by the Office of Research and Creative activity, I was able to conduct a survey of the Tullis Ranch. The ranch is located northeast of Spring City, UT and is owned by Marta and Lamond Tullis. After purchasing the land in 1997, Dr. Tullis came upon an unusual circular structure, which appeared to be a dwelling of some kind. This grant provided the money to do two sample excavations in this dwelling. The purpose was to discover whether the structure had been built by early pioneer settlers in the Sanpete County or whether the structure predated …

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Genetics And History Surrounding Chachapoyas, Peru, Joel E. Myres Feb 2014

Genetics And History Surrounding Chachapoyas, Peru, Joel E. Myres

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Anthropologists studying human diversity and distribution have long recognized that humans are the recipients of two major informational systems; one cultural and the other biological. Both these components of human diversity are inherited by organisms, be they individuals or populations, across spatial and temporal realms, and retain the ability to influence the behavior or continuance of the organism in terms of fitness. Similarly, the biological record can reflect cultural processes or transitions, such as migrations or disease, much as ethnographic studies can identify elements of cultural adoption, such as ideas or practices. In as much as these elements of culture …

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The Maya Sculptor: An Epigraphic And Iconographic Study, Holly Sullivan Feb 2014

The Maya Sculptor: An Epigraphic And Iconographic Study, Holly Sullivan

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The existence of artistic authorship within ancient writing systems, though rare, is a significant diagnostic tool. Such signatures can illuminate social positions of artists and networks of artistic production. They also represent a unique genre of text outside of formal written language which can reveal aspects of the language never considered before. Recently, Mayan epigraphers have begun to ask if such a program of authorship existed among the Classic Maya. For my research project I undertook the collection and decipherment of 95 proposed signatures or “name-tags” on stelae and carved monuments from 23 sites in the Central Maya region of …

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Images Of Self: Constancy Amidst Social Change In India, Erika Gilroy Feb 2014

Images Of Self: Constancy Amidst Social Change In India, Erika Gilroy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Social changes currently taking place in India are primarily a result of the Indian government’s efforts to promote technological industries, introduce family planning programs, and provide greater educational opportunities to a larger number of its people. The major effects of these reforms are the movement of an increasing number of Indians from villages to cities in order to find employment, the shift from a dominantly agricultural society to one of urban industry, and the increasing number of Indians who seek, and for the first time are given, the opportunity for an education. While such reforms may be changing many of …

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Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1998 (Fa 662), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Feb 2014

Kentucky Folklife Festival - Frankfort, Kentucky, 1998 (Fa 662), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 662. This collection features information and documentation of the second annual Kentucky Folklife Festival held from September 17-20, 1998 in Frankfort, Kentucky. The festival was sponsored by the Kentucky Folklife Program, an inter-agency program of the Kentucky Historical Society and the Kentucky Arts Council agencies of the Education, Arts, and Humanities Cabinet.

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Ancestor Worship Among The Ovahimba Of Namibia, Travis Slade Feb 2014

Ancestor Worship Among The Ovahimba Of Namibia, Travis Slade

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The OvaHimba tribe of Southwest Africa have a tradition of ancestor worship that extends back into the past when their ancestors made the long trek from the Horne of Africa into present day Namibia. This subgroup of the Herero tribe are pastoralists with limited horticulture of maize to subsidize their cattle products. These cattle are divided into secular and religious wealth. The religious wealth is inherited from father to eldest son. The religious inheritance of the OvaHimba is called the Oruzo. Oruzo is the religious aspect which I focused on in my studies of genealogy and ancestor worship among the …

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Origins Of Josiah Wedgwood's "Pearlware", George L. Miller Feb 2014

Origins Of Josiah Wedgwood's "Pearlware", George L. Miller

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Close inspection of the documentary record reveals that Josiah Wedgwood's "pearlware" was no more than his own version of a ware already being produced as early as 1775 by other Staffordshire potters. Wedgwood introduced a new name, Pearl White, to distinguish his product from that of his competitors, which they called China Glaze. This is an important revision to ceramic chronology because "pearlware" has been considered by most historical archaeologists as a firm 1779 terminus post quem for archaeological deposits. This new knowledge will force a reconsideration of many of the contexts in which so-called pearlware has been found.

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Analysis Of Faunal Remains From Queen Anne Square, Newport, Rhode Island, Timothy S. Young Feb 2014

Analysis Of Faunal Remains From Queen Anne Square, Newport, Rhode Island, Timothy S. Young

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Queen Anne Square, Newport, Rhode Island, is a northeastern coastal site. This report presents the results of the analysis of faunal remains from three features representing different 18th-century households. The data show a heavy dependence on domestic animals. All three features contain over 90% domestic animals by biomass. The site closely resembles southeastern sites in percentages of cow and pig MNI. It also resembles other northeastern sites, however, in its high percentage of caprine MNI. This is probably indicative of an intermediate dietary pattern. There are also differences among the features; these can be attributed either to the economic status …

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An Admirable Police Maintained: Evidence Of Sanitary Practices At The New Windsor Cantonment, Edward J. Lenik Feb 2014

An Admirable Police Maintained: Evidence Of Sanitary Practices At The New Windsor Cantonment, Edward J. Lenik

Northeast Historical Archaeology

An archaeological survey at the 1782-83 winter encampent of the Continental Army at New Windsor, New York, has revealed the presence of several large pits or depressions located some 250ft (76.2m) from the site of the soldiers' huts. Test excavations and chemcial analysis of the soils have determined that these pits were utilized as latrines or necessaries. The land use pattern at the site, including the location of the soldiers' huts and the delineation of use areas for trash disposal and necessaries, reflects the officers' successful attempt to impose order and discipline on the troops.

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Landfill And Health, A Municipal Concern Or, Telling It Like It Was, Joan H. Geismar Feb 2014

Landfill And Health, A Municipal Concern Or, Telling It Like It Was, Joan H. Geismar

Northeast Historical Archaeology

Land reclamation in port cities is a worldwide phenomenon that clearly represents economic considerations and, often, intensifying urbanization. Analysis of the fill matrix of two New York City sites suggests that the imposition of municipal controls may be one facet of the urbanizing process documented in the archaeological record. Differences between the fill from the 175 Water Street site, an East River block filled in the 18th century, and Site 1 of the Washington Street Urban Renewal Area adjacent to the Hudson River, an early 19th-century fill site, are best explained by the introduction of city ordinances to regulate land …

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The Use Of Opal Phytolith Analysis In A Comprehensive Environmental Study: An Example From 19th-Century Lowell, Massachusetts, William F. Fisher, Gerald K. Kelso Feb 2014

The Use Of Opal Phytolith Analysis In A Comprehensive Environmental Study: An Example From 19th-Century Lowell, Massachusetts, William F. Fisher, Gerald K. Kelso

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The value of opal phytolith analysis is demonstrated in a comprehensive environmental study of a historical site, the Kirk Street Agents' House, Lowell, Massachusett. A method to measure phytolith degradation percentages is tested and shown to yield similar results to pollen corrosion indices; further research on this new method is suggested, however. Fluctuations in two classes of grass phytoliths indicate changing environmental conditions that support and expand upon changes noted in the pollen spectra. The results of the phytolith analysis are integrated with information derived from documentary research, artifactual analysis, stratigraphic interpretation, and other ethnobotanical methods to arrive at conclusions …

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Archaeologically Defining The Earlier Garden Landscapes At Morven: Preliminary Results, Anne E. Yentsch, Naomi F. Miller, Barbara Paca, Dolores Piperno Feb 2014

Archaeologically Defining The Earlier Garden Landscapes At Morven: Preliminary Results, Anne E. Yentsch, Naomi F. Miller, Barbara Paca, Dolores Piperno

Northeast Historical Archaeology

The first phase of archaeology at Morven was designed to test the potential for further study of the early garden landscape at a ca. 1758 house in Princeton, New Jersey. The research included intensive botanical analysis using a variety of archaeobotanical framework. A study was also made of the garden's topography using map analysis combined with subsurface testing. Information on garden features related to the design of earlier garden surfaces suggests the ways in which the Stockton family manipulated their estate to convey a social image of the family to the local Princeton community. This, in turn, provides information that, …

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What Are Shoshone Knives?, Cindy A. Eccles Feb 2014

What Are Shoshone Knives?, Cindy A. Eccles

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This research project began in pursuit of three goals: (1) establishing the temporal and spatial distribution of distinctive stone blfaces labeled as “Shoshone” knives, (2) determining the function and range of morphological variability of these bifaces and (3) ascertaining whether the label “Shoshone” knives, which centers on ethnic affiliation, is appropriate. Use of this term also raises the issue of style versus function as a cause for the distinctive shape of this biface. Studying this element of the archaeological record will further our understanding of the little studied Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric eras.

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Transformations Of Comitancillo, Richard Lynn Paul Feb 2014

Transformations Of Comitancillo, Richard Lynn Paul

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A number of transformations have occurred through the centuries for all Mayan peoples. Some transformations affect only a single area of life while others are major transformations that affect several areas of Mayan lifestyle. These great displacements are turning points during which many cultural beliefs and practices are lost.

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