Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons^™

Addressing The Role Of Climate Change In Agriculture And Mexico-Us Immigration, Xiaoxin Liang

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Among the greatest threats of climate change is the significant impact on mass displacement, particularly as it relates to Mexico-US immigration. Low crop yields from worsening climate conditions have been linked to increased migration of Mexican farmers. With a projected 4.2 million additional migrants in the foreseeable future, it poses a contemporary environmental, social, and political dilemma. This policy brief analyzes several provision proposals to be adopted into the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), as evaluated under economic cost, equity, environmental impact, and feasibility criteria. My research concludes that the most effective and direct provision proposal is the implementation of adaptive …

Tourism And Terrorism- A Study Of Jammu And Kashmir, Altaf Ahmd Kumar

Journal of Tourism Insights

Abstract

Purpose - This research article analyzes terrorism and its impacts on tourism in Jammu and Kashmir. This article aims to know what terrorism is and how it impacts the tourism sector in the three geographical regions of erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir bifurcated into two union territories by the Indian government after the abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian constitution.

Methodology - Secondary data sources have been used, collected from Director Tourism Kashmir, Director Tourism Jammu, Jammu, and Kashmir Coalition of Civil Societies, and Home Ministry of India. In this research paper, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) of …

Market-Driven Rice Farming And Water Use Change In Mbarali District From The Mid-1980s To The 2010s, George K. Ambindwile

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper examines the effects of market-driven rice farming on the use of water in Mbarali District from about the mid-1980s to 2010s. It specifically traces the development of both peasant and state rice farming and their subsequent effects on water use in the district. The study is essentially qualitative, although in some cases it uses quantitative data to validate its arguments. Thus, it adopts political economy and historical ecology theories to understand changes brought by market-driven rice farming; and the ways peasants struggled to accommodate those changes in their agricultural practices. The area of study included six villages, namely …

Waste Not: Josephine Liang Gives Day-Old Food New Value--And Helps Fund Nutritious Meals For London's School Children, Emily Westbrooks

Colby Magazine

On Josephine Liang’s first day at UWC Mahindra College in India, she opened the school handbook to find a statistic on the first page that would stick with her for more than a decade. The cost of one semester at UWC, the handbook explained, could fund the education of 40 school children in the local area.

Making Agriculture Carbon Neutral Amid A Changing Climate: The Case Of South-Western Australia, Ross Kingwell

Climate Science Research Articles

Making Australian agriculture carbon neutral by 2050 is a goal espoused by several agricultural organisations in Australia. How costly might it be to attain that goal, especially when adverse climate change projections apply to agriculture in southern Australia? This study uses scenario analysis to examine agricultural emissions and their abatement via reforestation in south-western Australia under projected climate change. Most scenarios include the likelihood of agricultural emissions being reduced in the coming decades. However, the impact of projected adverse climate change on tree growth and tree survival means that the cost of achieving agricultural carbon neutrality via reforestation is forecast …

Variability Of Grower Net Returns With Crop Enterprise Selections Over Risk, James Mccann

LSU Master's Theses

A grower’s crop enterprise selection plays a substantial role in determining the operational profitability in areas that are capable of growing diverse crops, such as the northern and central regions of Louisiana. Each crop enterprise selection is subject to variation in risk as market conditions, weather, and production costs can all be critical factors that could potentially impact the level of per-acre net returns to the grower. Variations or volatility in one or more of these risk categories can result in growers electing to plant alternative enterprises on their farms. Simulation modeling allows farm managers the ability to calculate mean …

School Pantry Cook-Off: An Approach To Educate Youth On Food Insecurity, Siew Guan Lee, Gretchen Manker, Nav Ghimire, Laura Foist, Julie Buck

Journal of Extension

The “School Pantry: Mystery Food Box Cook-Off” is a program designed to increase awareness of food insecurity among youth and teach strategies to prepare healthy foods on a budget. A pre-and-post survey showed a statistically significant difference in participants’ overall knowledge, skills, and confidence level after the program compared to before the program. Findings revealed a hands-on nutrition education strategy via cook-off could educate youth on food insecurity and increase their knowledge and confidence to make healthy and affordable meals at home. Other Extension educators seeking to address food insecurity and food preparation skills among youth can replicate this program.

Research And Practice Of Conservation Tillage In Black Soil Region Of Northeast China, Man Ao, Xudong Zhang, Yixin Guan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Compared with soil degradation of black soil of other areas in the world, which caused by conventional tillage regarding as ploughed with residue return, soil degradation in Northeast China caused by rotary-till and residue remove or burning is more serious. Conservation tillage with residue cover and no or reduced tillage is one of the most important techniques for the protection and utilization of black soil. This paper briefly presents the derivation and definition of conservation tillage, and its main techniques in the world, as well as the issue of application and extension in China. Over the past 15 years, the …

Agricultural Simulator: Using Intelligent Technology To Get Data Flow For Black Land Protection, Ninghui Sun, Yucheng Zhang, Hongsheng Wang, Zichen Liu, Haihua Chen, Guangming Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Information technology is deeply penetrating into all walks of life. Through the acquisition of massive data, modeling and analysis in the information space, it has become an effective means to solve practical problems in the information society. At present, China is vigorously implementing black soil conservation projects. Aiming at the complex system protection engineering, it is necessary to rely on the strength of information technology to carry out problem modeling and algorithm solving in the process of black soil utilization and protection, and find the best protection way through simulation and emulation. Based on the analysis of the black land …

Black Soil Protection And Utilization Based On Harmonization Of Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland-Sandy Land Ecosystems And Strategic Construction Of Ecological Barrier, Jiabao Zhang, Bo Sun, Jiaojun Zhu, Jingkuan Wang, Xicai Pan, Tian Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The black soil in northeast China presents a trend of thinning, hardening, impoverishment, and acidification under the longterm high-intensity utilization, and faces the water resources shortage and ecological environment imbalance. Thus, the coordination between soil and water resources and environment has become the bottleneck of sustainable agricultural development in northeast China. The black soil protection and utilization is not only a problem of cultivated land system itself, but also a problem of harmonization of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandy land ecosystem. To achieve the goal of sustainable use of the black soil, it is necessary to give full play to the function of soil …

Overall Promotion Of Black Soil Protection And Rural Revitalization: Internal Logic, Main Routes And Policy Suggestions, Quansheng Ge, Jieyong Wang, Huiyi Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Promoting black soil protection and sustainability is the essential and guarantee of rural revitalization in Northeast China, and rural vitalization is the fundamental way to realize the persistent protection of black soil. Only by coordinating and promoting the overall black soil protection and rural revitalization, can we find the solution to solve the contradiction between black soil protection and the rural economic development in Northeast China black soil region, hence to push in full gear the ecological construction and rural revitalization of the region. Meanwhile, the overall black soil protection should promote the rural revitalization and rural revitalization should facilitate …

Science And Technology Innovation Supporting Sustainable Use Of Black Soil, Jianguo Hou

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The region of black soil in Northeast China is the "ballast stone" of national food security. However, the degradation of black soil leads to a decline of soil fertility and ecological service function, which threatens the national food security and regional ecological security. With advance design and scientific demonstration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) together with provinces of Northeast China launched the "Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Battle of Black Soil Granary" by gathering outstanding scientists, high technology and equipment. At present, the CAS is planning to initiate the Strategic Priority Research Program called "Black Soil Granary", establish the State …

Give Full Play To Vital Role Of Scientific And Technological Innovation In Supporting Protection And Utilization Of Black Soil, Zhigang Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Black soil is a very precious soil resource on Earth, as well as a great natural gift to China. Scientific and technological innovation is the ultimate choice for the methods and solution of the black soil protection and utilization. The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, based on the in-depth learning of the series of important instructions given by General Secretary Xi Jinping on safeguarding national food security and enhancing scientific and technological innovation, explores the development path of relying on scientific and technological innovation for black soil protection and utilization, promotes the overall systematic …

Bear In Mind Ardent Entrustment, Protect Black Soil Granary, Jun Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

General Secretary Xi Jinping, during his visit to Jilin in July 2020, pointed out that the Lishu model shall be thoroughly reviewed and summarized for dissemination, and effective measures shall be taken to protect and utilize the black soil, as precious as the giant panda, so as to benefit the people forever. Since then, Jilin Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and Provincial Government have been bearing this entrustment with heart and putting people as the priority, when taking the great responsibilities of protecting the nation's food security and firmly pushing forward the implementation of the national black …

Carry Forward The Huanghuaihai Spirit Of Agricultural Science And Technology, And Safeguard China’S Food Security, Yan Zeng, Hongsheng Wang, Yongsheng Han, Rui Duan, Ming Sun, Ya Wen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

“Scientific achievements are inseparable from spiritual support. The academic spirit is the precious wealth accumulated by researchers and engineers in long-term academic career.” In the 1980s, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched Huanghuaihai Innovation Campaign of agricultural science and technology for the reclamation of saline-alkali land. The Campaign successfully improve the overall production capacity in the North China Plain. The Huanghuaihai Spirit, emerged in this multidisciplinary and crossfield large-scale scientific and technological campaign, is not only the precious spiritual wealth of CAS, but also an important source of strength for achieving a substantial increase in grain production. In the new …

Thinking And Implementation Approach Of Science And Technology Strategy Of Well Raising Black Soil—Overall Idea And Implementation Planning Of Strategy Priority Research Program Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences On Black Soil Conservation And Utilization, Ming Jiang, Ya Wen, Ming Sun, Hongsheng Wang, Yan Zeng, Yongbin Han, Xiujun Li, Haitao Wu, Lujun Li, Shangqi Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization (Black Soil Granary) is a Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it is the core measure of the "Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Campaign for Black Soil Granary" launched by CAS together with provinces and autonomous region of Northeast China, and also the core measures to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series guiding principle relating to well utilize and protect the black soil in Northeast China. Better utilization and protection of black soil is crucially important to the national food security, and the program of …

Ensuring National Food Security By Strengthening High-Productivity Black Soil Granary In Northeast China, Baoguo Li, Zhong Liu, Feng Huang, Xiaoguang Yang, Zhijuan Liu, Wei Wan, Jiangkuan Wang, Yingde Xu, Zizhong Li, Tusheng Ren

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Food security is an important guarantee of national security. The northeast black soil region is an important commodity grain production base in China, which plays a fundamental role in ensuring national food security. However, the highly intensive, unreasonable or excessive use of cultivated land in this region has caused serious black soil degradation. Therefore, how to make the Black Soil Granary to provide efficient and sustainable guarantee for national food security is a scientific problem requiring urgent solutions. This paper systematically illuminates the agricultural development of high-productivity black soils since the reform and opening-up. On this basis, the paper systematically …

Main Achievements, Challenges, And Recommendations Of Black Soil Conservation And Utilization In China, Xiaozeng Han, Wenxiu Zou, Fan Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The conservation and utilization of black soil have achieved remarkable results under effective measures and active promotion taken by different departments in China. At present, the conservation and utilization of black soil have been upgraded to national strategy and incorporated into related planning and outline, major scientific advances have been achieved. The black soil conservation and utilization have also been listed into the important governmental schedules in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in Northeast China. The promotional mechanisms of black soil conservation and utilization have been established, approaches of black soil conservation and utilization …

Les Voies D'Un Véritable Succès Des Efforts De Modernisation Agricole Dans La Région Des Savanes Au Nord-Togo, Tchegnon Abotchi, Lassissi Ogounde

Dirassat

Ways to a True Success of Agricultural Modernization Efforts in the SavannahRegion in North-Togo

How to achieve genuine success in agricultural modernization efforts in the savannah region in northern Togo. For about half a century now, the savannah region in northern Togo, has been subject to important and multiform development strategies, laid either by the government, or by the NGOs, or international organization, but with no significant effect on the agricultural systems of production and the standard of living of the population. The authors of the present essay propose here some actions that can efficiently help to the success of …

Proceedings - Climate Change: Threats, Risks And Vulnerabilities, Centre For Business And Economic Research (Cber), Hanns Seidel Foundation, Pakistan

Conference Proceedings

Pakistan is one of the world’s most climate vulnerable countries ranking fifth in the list. It has experienced various disasters in recent decades, including floods, droughts and intense heat waves causing thousands of fatalities. Moreover, due to the deterioration of the Indus Delta approximately 1.2 million people dispersed and shifted to urban hubs like Karachi. Researchers have projected an increase in frequency and severity of these catastrophic environmental events, causing food and water scarcity, health and socio-economic issues in coming decades.

Climate change is no longer a threat but has become an existential crisis. There is a need for immediate …

A Model Of Farm Transition Planning For The U.S. Plains, Garret Reed, Shannon Ferrell, Eric A. Devuyst, Rodney Jones

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

Farm transition planning continues to be a significant challenge for U.S. agricultural owner/producers. Past and ongoing research points to an aging farm population with little or no planning to transition farms to succeeding farming family members, despite documented goals of continued family ownership and operation. This study developed and analyzed alternative farm asset transition strategies using a representative farm for Oklahoma. The simulations considered equity issues, family living requirements, and cash flow pre- and post-transition. Strategies analyzed considered off-farm investments and life insurance tools to even bequests between an on-farm and an off-farm heir, and also modeled splitting inheritance into …

The Cover Crop Seed Industry: An Indiana Case Study, John C. Tyndall, Adriana Valcu-Lisman, Melanie Bogert, Abigail Zobrodsky

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

Winter cover crops are plants used to protect soils during the period between the harvest and establishment of cash crops such as corn and soybeans, effectively providing farm fields with perennial cover. The total cost of cover crops varies considerably from site to site and year to year, yet the single costliest aspect of using cover crops is the cost of seed. Seed cost also tends to be the most volatile component of the cost of cover crop use, subject to complex supply dynamics associated with producing viable seed, storage capacity, and unpredictable regional demand. We conducted a survey of …

Farm Efficiency And Productivity Growth: The Effect Of Commodity Prices, Elizabeth Canales, Jason S. Bergtold, Allen Featherstone

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

Crop prices can affect farm productivity through input- output decisions. This study assesses the relationship between crop prices and productivity changes among a sample of Kansas farms. The changes in total factor productivity are evaluated using a nonparametric approach with a Malmquist productivity index and potential drivers of technical efficiency and productivity change are analyzed. Farms with higher leverage and greater diversification are likely to be more efficient and experience productivity change. Lower productivity occurred during years with higher crop prices, suggesting that innovation is more likely to occur when margins are tight.

Financing Beef Cow Herd Building For Beginning Ranchers, Abby Shalekbriski, Eric A. Devuyst, Cheryl S. Devuyst, Roger Sahs, Matt Stockton, Katlin Ramy

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

Intensive capital requirements relative to cash flows available inhibit the entry of beginning producers into the cattle industry. Here, we propose and analyze a strategy for beginning ranchers to build a herd. Over a three-year cycle, new producers borrow cash needed to purchase 450- pound heifers in the first year, breed heifers, sell open heifers and bull calves, retain heifer replacements, rebreed the two- year-old cows, and eventually sell bred two-turning-three cows 27 months after the initial heifer purchase. The goal is to retain a group of debt-free heifers. Analyses conducted over 14 cycles of 27 months each across three …

The Role Of Farmer Heterogeneity In Nutrient Management: A Farm-Level Analysis, Hua Wang, Naveen Adusumilli, Daniel Fromme, Keith Shannon

Journal of Applied Farm Economics

Understanding farmer heterogeneity regarding nutrient management decisions is crucial for the success of any nonpoint source pollution prevention programs. Data from a farm- level experiment of cover crops in corn production were used in the Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function framework to examine preference for nitrogen strategies over a range of risk aversion levels. We show the highest net return and certainty equivalent to the consideration of N supplied by cover crops. The results provide insights into policy discussions about the level of conservation incentives and plans that offer solutions to mitigate nonpoint source pollution.

The Custom Service Industry's Role In Precision Agriculture Adoption: A Literature Review, Scott W. Fausti, Bruce Erickson, David Clay, Sharon Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

This literature review focuses on the role of the precision agriculture (PA) custom services industry in facilitating farmer adoption of PA technology. Based on the review, a series of stylized facts are developed that characterize the custom services industry's role in the PA adoption process in the United States. The literature suggests that increasing the availability of custom services in local agricultural production markets will positively influence the rate of PA adoption. Recent PA custom services industry field surveys, however, indicate that skilled labor, proficient in PA technology, is critical to develop and provide custom services needed to increase the …

Is The Custom Service Industry's Role In Precision Agriculture Linked To Workforce Development?, Scott W. Fausti, Bruce Erickson, David Clay, Sharon Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Retail dealership survey data suggests that the lack of a qualified precision agriculture (PA) workforce limits the ability of the PA service industry to provide technological knowledge and services to producers who have adopted PA technology. The key empirical findings suggest that retail dealerships have the greatest difficulty finding workers who have, a) the capability to operate and collect data using specialized PA technology, b) the capability to interpret and develop management strategies using PA generated data, and c) a basic generalized competency in PA technology and its applications. The perceived shortage of skilled workers suggests that there is a …

Novel Pilot Development Of A Closed-Loop Sustainable System Between Biogas Renewable Energy, Distilling, And Aquaculture By Vermiculture Of Stillage Wastes, Samuel C. Kessler

The Cardinal Edge

This study provides a mixed-methods approach in analyzing a potential closed-loop system between renewable biogas production from anaerobic digestion, vermiculture production, aquaculture production, and organic wastes with a particular focus on stillage wastes. Such system may hold significant promise for significantly reducing organic carbon and methane emissions from its components, and should be assessed for such. The 2021 IPCC report essentially identified methane reduction as the single fastest way to slow global warming (IPCC, 2021), making the study and implementation of methane-reducing systems and supportive policy for them critical. Knowledge gaps to implementing this system were qualitatively identified as disconnect …

Farmers’ Adoption And Perceived Benefits Of Diversified Crop Rotations In The Margins Of U.S. Corn Belt, Tong Wang, Jin Hailong, Yubing Fan, Oladipo Obembe, Dapeng Li

Economics Faculty Publications

Monoculture and simplified two-crop rotation systems compromise the ecosystem services essential to crop production, diminish agricultural productivity, and cause detrimental effects on the environment. In contrast to the simplified two-crop rotation, diversified crop rotation (DCR) refers to rotation systems that contain three or more crops. Despite multiple benefits generated by DCR, its usage has dwindled over the past several decades. This paper examined determinants of farmers' adoption decisions and perceived benefits of DCR in the west margins of the U.S. Corn Belt where crop diversity has declined. We analyzed 708 farmer responses from a farmer survey conducted in the eastern …

Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia Annual Report 2020/2021, Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

Understanding the needs and challenges of industry, community and government is key to ensuring relevant and constructive advice to government. During 2020/21, the Council continued to monitor biosecurity-related developments at national and State levels and proactively engaged with industry, community and government on biosecurity matters. The key areas of advice that were progressed during the year were:

• mechanisms for funding biosecurity in WA
• the effectiveness of WA’s border biosecurity system
• how Western Australians perceive ‘biosecurity’ and their role in pest, weed and disease prevention, surveillance and response; and
• the quadruple bottom line of biosecurity.