Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons^™

South Dakota Agricultural Land Values And Rental Practices: 1994, Burton Pflueger, Larry Janssen, Karen Brovold

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

Grassland Basin Irrigation And Drainage Study, Stuart W. Styles, Dennis Westcot, Dr. Charles M. Burt, Ross Steensen

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

This paper summarizes a project that analyzed the district irrigation efficiency for six subareas of the Grassland Basin roughly representing 80,000 acres on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley near Firebaugh, California. The objectives of this project were to: • Determine the district irrigation efficiency for the six subareas. • Update district drainage policies and water reuse. • Update the geographical information system (GIS). • Perform a pre-plant irrigation efficiency analysis. • Establish a relationship between the drainage volumes and the district irrigation efficiency. • Determine the maximum district irrigation efficiency attainable. • Determine the impact of optimizing …

Evaluating Strength & Energy Requirements For Workers Picking Vegetables, R. A. Cavaletto, J. Miles, J. Meyers, J. Mehlschau

BioResource and Agricultural Engineering

The paper discusses the need to obtain field data to evaluate the strength and energy requirements for workers picking a variety of vegetables. This information is central to the evaluation of hazards related to repetitive motion, excessive stress, and fatigue. Results can be used to select activities which should be targeted for future engineering design projects. Preliminary data from a commercial broccoli harvesting operation is included.

Slaughter Cattle Pricing; Hog Comments, Dillion M. Feuz, Gene Murra

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Producer Responses To Water Quality Issues, Proposed Water Quality Policy Options, And Related Farm Management Practices, Burton Pflueger, John Cole

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

Farmers are becoming increasingly aware of the environmental consequences of farming practices that have become "conventional" over the last 30 to 40 years. As agricultural producers, they are expressing concern about erosion, ground water contamination, and personal health considerations from chemical use. At the same time, farmers are concerned about the economic viability of their operations. Farmers cannot afford to sacrifice net farm income in order to meet stricter environmental regulations. A software package named Planetor has been developed that can be used to examine the interrelationships between economic sustainability and environmental safety. Researchers working on the Big Sioux Aquifer …

Health Care Reform; Crop Condition And Progress Reports, Ardelle Lundeen, Richard Shane

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

Production Uncertainty And Factor Price Disparity In The Slaughter Cattle Market: Theory And Evidence, Scott Fausti, Dillon Feuz

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

The theoretical analysis of competitive firm behavior under economic uncertainty has been explored in the areas of input and output price uncertainty in the papers by Baron (1970), Sandmo (1971), Batra and Ullah (1974), and Blair (1974) among others. The issue of the competitive firm facing production uncertainty generated by input quality variability was addressed in a paper by Ratti and Ullah (1976). Other papers applied their approach to specific areas, such as, wage discrimination being explained by labor quality variability.1 A simple model of a competitive firm confronting production uncertainty, generated by the variability in the flow of factor …

The Price Of The Yen: Does It Matter?; Slaughter Cattle Outlook, John Sondey, Gene Murra

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

Risk And Market Participant Behavior In The U.S. Slaughter Cattle Market, Dillon Feuz, Scott Fausti, John Wagner

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

Incomplete and varying degrees of information on product quality creates risk in a market transaction. Numerous researchers have documented that market participants will react differently in the presence of risk depending upon their attitudes toward risk. Many of these studies have classified agricultural market participants according to the Arrow-Pratt risk aversion coefficient into three general categories of risk averse, risk neutral, or risk preferring (Raskin and Cochran, Wilson and Eidman, King and Robinson) and have found individuals in all three categories. The U.S. slaughter cattle market is currently operating in an environment where the amount of information available on product …

Grain Outlook: 1994, Richard Shane

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

Almost Ideal Area Yield Crop Insurance Contracts, Vincent H. Smith, Hayley H. Chouinard, Alan E. Baquet

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Using yield data for a sample of 123 dryland wheat producers in Montana, the effects of three area yield contracts, including the contract currently offered by the United States Federal Crop Insurance Corporation and two individual yield contracts on individual farm yield variability, are examined. The results indicate that while the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation area yield contract provides all farmers in the sample with some protection against yield variability, a simpler, actuarially equivalent “almost ideal” area yield contract provides substantially larger reductions in yield variability. However, actuarially equivalent individual yield contracts provide levels of protection against yield variability similar …

Interventions And Production Sector Waste In Ldc Agriculture, Lilyan E. Fulginiti, Richard K. Perrin

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Recent studies have revealed that less developed countries (LDCs) have been taxing their agricultural sectors at rates of 40-50%. This study uses quantity-based general equilibrium measures of deadweight loss to evaluate the cost of these distortions in 18 of these countries. The Allais-Debreu loss measures indicate that from 7–16% of either output or of the agricultural resource base has been wasted due to the associated misallocation of agricultural inputs across these countries. Agriculture is heavily taxed in less developed countries (LDCs), with combined direct and indirect tax rates of 40 to 50% being common. These levels of intervention surely have …

Cartels In An "Nth-Best" World: The Wholesale Foodstuff Trade In Ibadan, Nigeria, Harlan M. Smith Ii, Margaret E. Luttrell

Economics Faculty Research

The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the economic functions and associated welfare implications of the cooperative associations that dominate the wholesale trade in two staple foods. Questionnaire responses lead to several conclusions. Individual traders face incomplete markets, imperfect information, and little government-provided institutional and physical infrastructure. The associations are sophisticated "Coase-like" responses to this market environment: they focus on reducing their members' transaction costs, and hence the marginal private costs of trading. Thus it is likely that these associations enhance efficiency. We conclude with a critique of current government policy with respect to this trade.

Structure Of The Nigerian Economy: Being The Text Of A Paper Presented On 18th April, 1994 At A Seminar On The Management Of Nigerian Economy Held At The Cbn Training Centre, Lagos., F. U. Ezeuduji

Bullion

This paper examines various dimensions of Nigeria's structure, as well as its components and interrelatedness with a view to identifying the potentials for, and constraints to development. The paper is divided into four sections, ln section one, the resource base of the Nigerian economy is reviewed. This is followed in Section two by on appraisal of the pattern of Nigerian economic activities, given the structure of the resources. The third section examines the major structural weaknesses of the Nigerian economy while the fourth and final section summarises and concludes the paper.

Crop Yield Protection 1994; A Diverse And Changing Cattle Feeding Industry, Burton Pflueger, Gene Murra

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

Major Characteristics Of And Post-Contract Land Use Intentions For Conservation Reserve Program Wetland Tracts, Larry Janssen, Martin Beutler, Tecleberhan Ghebremicael

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

South Dakota has one-third of the 410,000 wetland acres enrolled in the U.S. Conservation Reserve Program in the 8th and 9th signup periods in 1989. The major objectives are: (1) to examine the major characteristics of CRP wetland tracts, and (2) to determine post-CRP contract land use plans for CRP wetland tracts. The major data sources are the USDA CRP contract file database for South Dakota and a 1993 CRP survey of a random sample of South Dakota CRP contract holders. The major physical, location, and crop base characteristics of 2429 CRP wetland contracts in South Dakota indicates a profile …

Factors Influencing Post-Contract Crp Land Use Decisions In South Dakota, Larry Janssen, Martin Beutler, Tecleberhan Ghebremicael

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

The major objective is to determine the most important factors that affect contract holders post-CRP land use decisions in South Dakota. The major data source is a 1993 CRP survey sent to a random sample of 8. 33% of South Dakota CRP contract holders and completed by 5 5 6 of 1133 persons contacted. Management, socio-economic, and land use intentions data are combined with their CRP contract file from USDA. Respondents are classified into major categories based on their post-contract CRP land use intentions. Descriptive statistics are used to compare physical, management, economic, and demographic characteristics by respondent land use …

Stewardship Payments: A Potential New Policy Direction For The 1995 Farm Bill; Cattle And Hog Outlook: 1994, Thomas L. Dobbs, Gene E. Murra

Economics Commentator (1972- 2016)

No abstract provided.

Changes In Water Allocation Mechanisms For California Agriculture, David Zilberman, Neal Macdougall, Farhed Shah

Agribusiness

Existing institutions allocating water in California reflect prior appropriation water rights established when water was abundant. These allocation rules queue users and do not encourage water conservation. increased water scarcity and growing valuation of water's environmental benefits are inducing a transition to water allocation mechanisms that increase water efficiency in agriculture. Transferable rights systems will lead to market-like water allocation, induce farmers to adopt water conservation technology, and may not face strong objection from senior water rights holders. One must weigh the efficiency gains associated with transition from water rights to water markets against the transaction costs associated with installing …

Policy Perspectives And Future Directions: A View From A Former U.S. Trade Representative, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

Tom Donahue expressed very well where we as a nation and we as a world should go on the worker rights issue. I'm going to spend most of my time focusing on how we get there, if we really want to accomplish something. Many countries would prefer not to have worker rights in the GATT at all. When we went to Punta del Este in 1986 to begin the Uruguay Round, the United States was a minority of one in trying to get the worker rights issue on the agenda in any way, shape, or form.

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 1994, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 1994, Nigeria faced economic challenges such as declining GDP growth, inflation, and a weakened external sector due to expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, political unrest, and labor issues. Despite this, the global economy saw stronger recovery in industrialized countries and developing regions like Asia and Latin America. The Nigerian economy struggled with slow growth, manufacturing decline, rising inflation, large budget deficit, and weakened external sector performance. Efforts to stabilize the exchange rate were hindered by differences between official and unofficial market rates. Internationally, there were improvements in the world economy with higher growth rates in developed and developing countries. …

A Benefit Cost Analysis Of The Proposal To Eradicate Mediterranean Fruit Fly From Western Australia, Kingsley Thomas Fisher, Richard Bleakley, Neil Thomson

Research Reports

It is estimated that it would cost between $205M and $250M to eradicated Mediterranean Fruit Fly (MFF) from Western Australia (WA). While eradication would be beneficial for fruit growers, it is unlikely that benefits would outweigh costs. The most important factor influencing the economic outcome is, how the eradication program affects the export volume and price of fruit.

An Optimization Model Of The Dual-Purpose Cattle Production System In The Humid Lowlands Of Venezuela, Charles F. Nicholson, David R. Lee, Richard N. Boisvert, Robert W. Blake, Isabella C. Urbina

Agribusiness

We developed a deterministic, multi-period linear programming (LP) model of the dual-purpose (milk-beef) cattle production system in the Sur del Lago region of Venezuela. The LP model selected animal, forage, and purchased feed activities subject to nutritional, land, and herd composition constraints to maximize discounted herd net margin. A cattle nutrition model provided original coefficients for feeds and animal nutrient requirements. Revised coefficients resulted from an iterative procedure to avoid errors from the interaction between diet and requirements. Model applications demonstrated that alternatives to traditional feeding practices are profitable and nutritionally feasible. However, the benefits of alternative nutritional management depend …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of The Murchison River Catchment, Western Australia, Peter James Curry, A L. Payne, K A. Leighton, P Hennig, D A. Blood

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of the Murchison River catchment and surrounds, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture between 1985 and 1988, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed by field work during 1985-88 …

An Inventory And Condition Survey Of Rangelands In The North-Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia, H J. Pringle, S A. Gilligan, A M E Van Vreeswyk

Technical Bulletins

The inventory and condition survey of the north-eastern Goldfields, undertaken by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA) between 1988 and 1990, describes and maps the natural resources of the region’s pastoral leasehold land. This survey report provides a baseline record of the existence and condition of the natural area’s resources, to assist with the planning and implementation of land management practices. The report identified and described the condition of soils, landforms, vegetation, habitat, ecosystems, and declared plants and animals. It also assessed the impact of pastoralism and made land management recommendations. The area surveyed covers about 100 …

Food Aversion Conditioned In Anesthetized Sheep, Frederick D. Provenza, Justin J. Lynch, John V. Nolan

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

We discovered that a food aversion could be conditioned in anesthetized sheep. Sheep were allowed to eat a familiar food (alfalfa-grain pellets) for 30 min, and 90 min later they were given either an intraruminal (IR) injection of water (C), an IR injection of LiCl (L), anesthesia followed by an IR injection of water (A), or anesthesia followed by an IR injection of LiCl (A+L). Induction of anesthesia was by an intraveneous injection of pentobarbitone sodium, and maintenance of deep anesthesia was by halothane. Sheep were maintained in deep anesthesia for 2 h to ensure that the effects of LiCl …

Ec94-872-S Nebraska Crop Budgets, Roger Selley, Larry Bitney, Richard T. Clark, Daryl E. Ellis, H. Doug Jose, Dale Kabes, Robert Klein, Raymond E. Massey, Timothy A. Powell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Resource Persons • Crops Budgeting Procedure • Prices Used for 1994

Panhandle • Gravity Irrigated Crops • Sugar Beets • Dry Edible Beans • Corn for Grain • Corn for Silage • Establish Alfatfa with Oats • Alfalfa Hay Gravity Irrigated • Center Pivot Irrigated Crops • Sugar Beets • Dry Edible Beans • Corn for Grain • Winter Wheat • Alfalfa Hay • Non-Irrigated Crops • Winter Wheat Stubble Much Fallow • Winter Wheat, Eco-Fallow (Chemical and Tillage Combination) • Sunflower, Wheat-Sunflower-Fallow Rotation • Millet, Wheat, Fallow, Millet, Fallow

Southwest • Corn for Grain, Gravity Irrigated • Corn for …

Price-Conditional Technology, Lilyan E. Fulginiti

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Economics theorists for years have considered the possibility that the direction of technical change is altered by changes in relative prices. Prices also have been identified as one of the determinants of technical change through innovation, This article extends the theory of the firm to cover situations in which the firms technology set is conditional on expected prices. The basic idea is to distinguish between "market prices," or the prices that guide the firm's choices subject to the technology that is in place, and "normal prices," the prices conditioning the choice of technology. A “generalized" price effect is obtained that …

Clearing The Air, Mike Carroll

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

This edition of the Western Australian Journal of Agriculture contains an exchange of letters between 20 farmers and myself, prompted by the article by Ross Kingwell in the last issue of the Journal (Volume 34, No. 4, 1993).

The article was entitled 'Agriculture's Economic Performance', and dealt with some of the economic forces in agriculture, including the terms of trade, productivity growth and the growth of exports. However, it is evident from the following letter and from other comments that the worthwhile content of the article was negated by some unfortunate phrasing, and a too compressed treatment of a complex …

Implications Of Tomorrow's Environment For Agricultural Economics Programs In Different-Sized Departments And For Non-Land Grant Universities, Ardelle Lundeen

Economics Staff Paper Series (1969 - 2017)

This paper focuses on trends in five areas which appear to have significant implications for the future of agricultural economics departments: population changes, changes in the structure of agriculture, the advent of the information society/computer age, work force changes, and changes in higher education. I believe trends in these areas have already affected agricultural economics departments and will continue to do so.