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2013

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Articles 9001 - 9030 of 17403

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Theory Of Motivated Recall: Determinants Of Recall Of Political Information, Robert Richards, Dr. Christopher Karpowitz Apr 2013

A Theory Of Motivated Recall: Determinants Of Recall Of Political Information, Robert Richards, Dr. Christopher Karpowitz

Journal of Undergraduate Research

A great deal of political research has analyzed how people form their opinions about candidates and issues. Two models, drawing heavily from cognitive psychology have emerged: the memory-based model (Zaller and Feldman 1992; Huckfeldt et al 1999) and the on-line model (Taber, Lodge, and Glathar 2001). Though the mechanics differ, both models assume a person recalls some sort of information when forming or reporting an opinion. Thus, political opinions depend largely on recall of political information.

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Extracurricular Associations: Does Participation In Extracurricular Activities With Advantaged Peers Increase College Enrollment, Aaron Miles, Dr. Benjamin Gibbs Apr 2013

Extracurricular Associations: Does Participation In Extracurricular Activities With Advantaged Peers Increase College Enrollment, Aaron Miles, Dr. Benjamin Gibbs

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Our project has culminated with a presentation at the 2012 American Sociological Association conference in Denver, and is currently under review at the journal Social Science Research. We hope to heard back in the coming weeks in regarding its status, hopefully receiving a revise and resubmit.

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Short-Distance Cultural Remittances Of Shakti Among Domestic Workers In Vizag, India, Kirk Hepburn, Dr. Charles Nuckolls Apr 2013

Short-Distance Cultural Remittances Of Shakti Among Domestic Workers In Vizag, India, Kirk Hepburn, Dr. Charles Nuckolls

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The project under question has taken turns dramatic enough to make it nearly unrecognizable and its title almost entirely inapplicable. Problems, faced early in research but insurmountable, make it necessary that the collected data be used for purposes beside my original intent. While I originally planned to study the remittance of shakti notions among domestic workers, the project now seeks to describe the social power-based elaborations and subtractions that made translation work among this group unwieldy and useless for my purposes. While I cannot address my original hypothesis, this current iteration of my project speaks to literature detailed in the …

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To Act And Not Be Acted Upon: A Look At State-Building In Bosnia, Kurt Hepler, Dr. Nicholas Wheeler Apr 2013

To Act And Not Be Acted Upon: A Look At State-Building In Bosnia, Kurt Hepler, Dr. Nicholas Wheeler

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In the wake of the brutal wars between Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks following the breakup of former Yugoslavia, many international organizations (IOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) poured into Bosnia and Herzegovina. These organizations were tasked with helping the country rebuild its badly damaged political, social, and economic infrastructure. But is there a point at which international organizations become too entrenched in the development of the country they are trying to help? My research project sought to answer this question through a comprehensive study of the impact that high levels of international involvement had on the development of state capacity in …

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Faith-Related Prejudice In Admission To Clinical Psychology Graduate School Programs, Elizabeth Hoose, Dr. Jeffrey Reber Apr 2013

Faith-Related Prejudice In Admission To Clinical Psychology Graduate School Programs, Elizabeth Hoose, Dr. Jeffrey Reber

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Little research has been done on prejudice against people of faith. Several studies indicate that fundamental or evangelical Christians face the effects of prejudice especially in educational settings (Ressler & Hodge, 2006). In particular, two surveys of Christian social workers inquiring about their professional experience in regards to their religion, found that the respondents felt ridiculed, degraded and demeaned by their colleagues because of their beliefs (Ressler & Hodge, 2006; Ressler & Hodge, 2003). Recently, researchers have begun to explore the potential implicit prejudices towards faith and people of faith in psychology (Slife & Reber, 2009). Likewise, it has also …

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Dendroclimatology And Streamflow In Utah County, Nathan Gill, Dr. Matthew Bekker Apr 2013

Dendroclimatology And Streamflow In Utah County, Nathan Gill, Dr. Matthew Bekker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study was the first step in a larger effort by the Wasatch Dendroclimatology Research (WADR) group, consisting of researchers at Brigham Young University and Utah State University, to develop a better understanding of hydroclimatology in northern Utah. Our specific goals were to develop preliminary reconstructions of streamflow beyond the historical record for the Provo and Weber Rivers and Big Cottonwood Creek, all important contributors to the water resources of the heavily urbanized Wasatch Front.

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A Little Help For My Friends: Do Foreign Aid Donors Reject Ngos In Favor Of Their Blatantly Corrupt Allies?, Nicholas Jones, Dr. Darren Hawkins Apr 2013

A Little Help For My Friends: Do Foreign Aid Donors Reject Ngos In Favor Of Their Blatantly Corrupt Allies?, Nicholas Jones, Dr. Darren Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Our research examines whether donor countries care about the quality of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) when giving foreign aid to poor countries. When donor states give foreign aid to recipient states, such the US giving foreign aid to Uganda, the donor states must choose what is called a channel of delivery. This is the channel through which the donor’s aid will reach the intended beneficiaries. Donors can opt to channel their aid directly through the recipient government, or they can bypass the recipient government and instead utilize a non-state channel, such as an NGO. In past times, many donors have chanelled …

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Attitudes About Educating Girls And Internet Use In Southeast Asia, Hayley Heath, Dr. Renata Forste Apr 2013

Attitudes About Educating Girls And Internet Use In Southeast Asia, Hayley Heath, Dr. Renata Forste

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Based on survey data from seven countries in Southeast Asia, I examined the association between internet use and attitudes about the importance of educating girls. The sample is of 6,604 adults. Using logistic regression techniques, I found that the data supported my hypothesis; internet use is associated with respondent’s agreement that education is not more important for boys than for girls. This relationship is found even after controlling for respondent gender, education, and country.

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Religious Preferences And Inventory Decisions: Evidence From Movie Rentals, Craig Palsson, Dr. Joseph Price Apr 2013

Religious Preferences And Inventory Decisions: Evidence From Movie Rentals, Craig Palsson, Dr. Joseph Price

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For a long time, there has been a significant gap between the standards of movie goers and the standards of Hollywood. Walsh and Gentile (2001) show that though parents usually agree with Hollywood when it says something is inappropriate for children, they often disagree with Hollywood over what is deemed appropriate. In some of our previous research, we find that R- rated movies make about 20% less than PG-13 movies of similar content (Palsson, Price, & Shores, 2011). Also, 69% of parents say they always check the rating before allowing their children to see a movie (Walsh & Gentile, 2002). …

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To Stand On Their Own Legs: Independence And Other Motivations For Women’S Pursuit Of Post- Graduate Studies, And Their Parents’ Influence On Them, In Vishakhapatnam India, Colleen Mcdermott, Dr. Charles Nuckolls Apr 2013

To Stand On Their Own Legs: Independence And Other Motivations For Women’S Pursuit Of Post- Graduate Studies, And Their Parents’ Influence On Them, In Vishakhapatnam India, Colleen Mcdermott, Dr. Charles Nuckolls

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In recent years, there have been countless studies on the benefits of educating women. Though there is a general consensus on the positive results of women’s education, their access to education is still rather limited in many areas of the world. One such area is India, where traditional views of gender are still very widespread and female education levels are extremely low. Despites these rates, a minority of women in India are pursuing higher education. I interviewed female students living at a hostel (college dormitory) and attending the post-graduate institution Andhra University inquiring about their motivations for continuing school, their …

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Positional Segregation In Sport: How Rugby Introduces New Ethnicities To Research, Dylan Lubbe, Dr. Mikaela Dufur Apr 2013

Positional Segregation In Sport: How Rugby Introduces New Ethnicities To Research, Dylan Lubbe, Dr. Mikaela Dufur

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Modern scientists continue to argue over an issue that has existed since the first time a person realized that his or her skin was a slightly different shade or tint than someone else’s: Does skin color serve as an indicator for something deeper? The conversation about racial stereotypes has changed over time, shifting away from the possible truths behind them towards the social reality created by those who continue to believe in. Racial stereotypes have become an unconscious part of the metanarrative of modern society; almost anyone can list them. Those of African descent are considered to have a lower …

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Faithism In The Classroom, Frank Bright, Dr. Jeffrey Reber Apr 2013

Faithism In The Classroom, Frank Bright, Dr. Jeffrey Reber

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of my study was to see if there was any connection between a professor’s openness about his or her faith and the view formed of that professor by his or her students. One recent study (Reber & Slife, In Press) has shown that new undergraduate students appear to have an implicit bias towards faith as a source of knowledge, but those later in their undergraduate career have shifted their bias towards reason being a better source of knowledge. If this implicit prejudice is true then it could follow that if a professor was open about their faith, students …

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Options And Distributional Characteristics, David Mauler, Dr. James Mcdonald Apr 2013

Options And Distributional Characteristics, David Mauler, Dr. James Mcdonald

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My BYU ORCA grant provided valuable funding which allowed me to spend significant time on an interesting research question Dr. McDonald and I had considered late last year. We wanted to investigate whether the Inverse Hyperbolic Sine (IHS) distribution would allow for a more accurate option-pricing formula, extending the Black-Scholes formula which assumes a lognormal distribution. The project widened in scope as we worked on it during the summer. We eventually expanded our original proposal and included a number of other flexible distributions (GB2, g-and-h, Burr-3, Burr-12, Weibull). We derived price formulas specific to each assumed distributional form. The IHS …

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Service Learning And Groundswell, Katherine Baran Apr 2013

Service Learning And Groundswell, Katherine Baran

Honors Theses

Service learning has become an important part of getting students engaged and excited about learning. Groundswell is a G-rand Valley State University nonprofit organization funded through the Great Lakes Fishery Trust. Groundswell works with teachers and students across Kent County in Southwest Michigan to provide funding and educational support for successful service learning projects that deal mostly with the Great Lakes, the Grand River and watershed. There are 22 partners of Groundswell throughout Michigan. With those partners, Groundswell serves 17 different schools in Kent County. Service learning has a wide variety of definitions. However, at the basic level service learning …

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Four Named To Endowed Professorships, Kim Hill Apr 2013

Four Named To Endowed Professorships, Kim Hill

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

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Cognitive Conceptualizations And Schemata As Predictors Of Distress In Female Rape Victims, Tiffany Maria Artime Apr 2013

Cognitive Conceptualizations And Schemata As Predictors Of Distress In Female Rape Victims, Tiffany Maria Artime

Dissertations

Rape is strikingly prevalent among undergraduate women, and victims show significant variability in their reactions to sexual victimization. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine two cognitive processing factors that have been theorized to impact a woman’s levels of distress after being raped. One cognitive factor, rape conceptualization, broadly refers to the way a woman comes to understand and interpret the event as identified by her attributions of blame and perceptions of severity, wantedness, and consent. Schemata—or global, enduring beliefs about the self and world—represent the other cognitive factor examined in this study. Participants included 189 undergraduate women …

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Exploring The Nature Of Space For Human Behavior In Ordinary Structured Environments, Molly Boeka Cannon Apr 2013

Exploring The Nature Of Space For Human Behavior In Ordinary Structured Environments, Molly Boeka Cannon

Department of Geography: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

What is the nature of the built environment? Built environments are the settings within which people carry out activities and emerge from the specific combining of spatial conditions with specific social content for the setting. The social content and the spatial conditions form a core-defining relationship that serves to distinguish one structured setting from another. A core-defining relationship such as this refers to the essence of the built environment. What are the implications for human behavior that emerge from conceptualizing built environments in this manner? I argue that space, through its essential relationship with the contexts of daily living (i.e. …

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Red Bones And Earth Mothers: A Contemporary Exploration Of Colorism And Its Perception Among African American Female Adolescents, Morgan Maxwell Apr 2013

Red Bones And Earth Mothers: A Contemporary Exploration Of Colorism And Its Perception Among African American Female Adolescents, Morgan Maxwell

Theses and Dissertations

Research on colorism continues to gain momentum across several disciplines. However, while varied studies have explored the social phenomenon among adult populations, especially those of African ancestry, few have systematically investigated the extent to which African American youth are exposed to or endorse hierarchical perceptions of skin color. The current study addresses this void in colorism literature. Employing a grounded theory approach, the present investigation examines African American female adolescents’ perceptions of skin color, aiming specifically to understand the sociocultural factors that underpin and contribute to colorist socializations as well as sources of skin color messages. Five focus groups and …

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18th Annual Women's And Gender Studies Symposium Program, 2013, Illinois State University, Women's And Gender Studies Program Apr 2013

18th Annual Women's And Gender Studies Symposium Program, 2013, Illinois State University, Women's And Gender Studies Program

WGSS Student Research Symposium

Program from the Women's and Gender Studies Symposium

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Meghan Burke Named Professor Of The Year, Katherine Filippo Apr 2013

Meghan Burke Named Professor Of The Year, Katherine Filippo

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

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“The Living Are Getting Rarer”: The Causes And Consequences Of The International Trade In White Rhinoceros Horns Under The Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species, Alisha Falberg Apr 2013

“The Living Are Getting Rarer”: The Causes And Consequences Of The International Trade In White Rhinoceros Horns Under The Convention On International Trade In Endangered Species, Alisha Falberg

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

In 2012, more than 400 South African white rhinoceros were poached and killed for their horns. The horns, used in ancient Asian medicines, are falsely believed to cure diseases. They are currently worth thousands of dollars on the black market because the white rhinoceros is an endangered species and the trade in its horns is strictly regulated under the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).The two countries at the center of this crisis are South Africa, where the majority of the world’s white rhinoceros live and are being poached, and Vietnam, …

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Consequences Of The Arab Spring: How Shari’Ah Law And The Egyptian Revolution Will Impact Ip Protection And Enforcement, Stephen S. Zimowski Apr 2013

Consequences Of The Arab Spring: How Shari’Ah Law And The Egyptian Revolution Will Impact Ip Protection And Enforcement, Stephen S. Zimowski

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

Egypt’s recent revolution sent shockwaves through the international community, and almost immediately political pundits began to ponder its effect on Middle Eastern stability. To date, post-revolution Egypt has struggled to regain its political stability and implement the democratic government its citizens demand. The eventual nature of the new Egyptian government will have a substantial impact not only on the region’s stability but also on international trade. As such, this comment will examine the likely impact of a new Egyptian regime on intellectual property rights and protections in Egypt. The comment explores the role of Shari’ah Law in lawmaking and Shari’ah …

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We Can Work It Out: Putting Our Best Foot Forward In International Higher Education Initiatives, Julie Rowland Apr 2013

We Can Work It Out: Putting Our Best Foot Forward In International Higher Education Initiatives, Julie Rowland

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

A global economy requires globally competitive workers and global citizens.This need has generated supranational higher education initiatives through organizations such as the European Union and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. These initiatives promote student mobility across borders by harmonizing higher education systems between member nations. To demonstrate how the U.S. can become more involved in international higher education initiatives, this comment will first give an overview of the history of these initiatives globally. The comment explores the legal and soft governance mechanisms involved in international initiatives and the feasibility of their application to the U.S. A description of the structures of …

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2012-13 Jlia Masthead, Jlia Masthead Apr 2013

2012-13 Jlia Masthead, Jlia Masthead

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

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Mediation – Its Potential And Its Limits: Developing An Effective Discourse On The Research And Practice Of Peacemaking, Dennis C. Jett Apr 2013

Mediation – Its Potential And Its Limits: Developing An Effective Discourse On The Research And Practice Of Peacemaking, Dennis C. Jett

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

This article looks at the various contributions to this issue of the Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs. The contributors have analyzed the potential and limits of mediation, but have focused on a number of different aspects of that process. The analytic research relevant to conflict situations will be most useful, however, if the recommendations offered for how to bring conflicts to an end can actually be of use to practitioners in the field. The approach of this article is therefore to consider how policymakers might employ these recommendations as they pursue the goal of peace. It …

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Ethnic Conflict: An Organizational Perspective, Victor Asal, Jonathan Wilkenfeld Apr 2013

Ethnic Conflict: An Organizational Perspective, Victor Asal, Jonathan Wilkenfeld

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

To talk about the behavior of others is to generalize especially if that behavior is perceived to be negative. As researchers who have studied ethnic discrimination and ethnic conflict for close to two decades, we have noticed, anecdotally at least, that this penchant for generalization is rampant in discussions of ethnic politics. Journalists and academics tend to talk about one or another ethnic group’s involvement in violence without specifying a political organizational agent. This kind of generalization is a serious obstacle to understanding conflicts and identifying solutions because it prevents policymakers and academics from getting at the messy reality of …

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When States Mediate, Molly M. Melin Apr 2013

When States Mediate, Molly M. Melin

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

Militarized conflict is one of the most devastating of all human activities. The international community’s response to conflict occurrence can significantly affect the number of casualties, the extent of resulting devastation and even the outcome of the conflict. State responses range from conflict management, whereby third parties actively engage in resolving the conflict; joining, whereby states become an additional disputant; or remaining uninvolved. One of the most common active third-party responses is to act as a mediator, a role using consensual, nonbinding and nonviolent means of conflict management and resolution. This paper explores the policy of state-led mediation, its strengths …

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The Politics Of International Arbitration And Adjudication, Stephen E. Gent Apr 2013

The Politics Of International Arbitration And Adjudication, Stephen E. Gent

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

Arbitration and adjudication have proven to be effective means of producing long-lasting settlements on contentious issues, but states are generally reluctant to use such legal forms of dispute resolution, especially in resolving issues of national security. To understand when policymakers can and should promote the use of legal mechanisms, they need to understand the political reasons behind the reluctance of states to use these forums. This essay identifies five factors that significantly influence the willingness of states to relinquish decision control and pursue arbitration or adjudication: third-party bias, salience, uncertainty, bargaining power, and armed conflict. To promote the use of …

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Using The Right Tool For The Job: Mediator Leverage And Conflict Resolution, Kyle Beardsley Apr 2013

Using The Right Tool For The Job: Mediator Leverage And Conflict Resolution, Kyle Beardsley

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

In international dispute mediation, a one-size-fits-all view of mediation may actually inhibit effective conflict resolution. Mediators must especially tailor the level of leverage to the needs of the situation. This essay first considers existing studies that have found both potential benefits and risks of heavy-handed third-party involvement as a conflict-management strategy. It then considers a few illustrative cases to demonstrate the importance of making sure that the tools of mediation fit the context. Finally, it concludes with a discussion of how sustained post-conflict peacekeeping and peacebuilding can reduce the risks of leverage in mediation.

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Intractable Syria? Insights From The Scholarly Literature On The Failure Of Mediation, J. Michael Greig Apr 2013

Intractable Syria? Insights From The Scholarly Literature On The Failure Of Mediation, J. Michael Greig

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

The conflict in Syria has been ongoing since March 2011, but to date has resisted third-party diplomatic efforts. This failure of mediation is despite the fact that numerous actors in the international system have interests both in Syria and the Middle East at large. The human toll of the conflict, which has produced large numbers of civilian casualties and considerable human suffering, creates even deeper urgency for effective conflict management in Syria. In this paper, I apply insights drawn from the scholarly literature on conflict management and civil wars to the Syrian conflict to explain why mediation efforts have thus …

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