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2013

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Articles 4321 - 4350 of 17401

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Orca Grant Final Report, Alisha Walbrecht Aug 2013

Orca Grant Final Report, Alisha Walbrecht

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Metaphors are a very important aspect of language, particularly of the English language. Lakoff and Johnson opened linguists to the study of metaphors by pointing out that English speakers use metaphors throughout their speech. For example, Lakoff and Johnson say that the phrase “spending time” is evidence of the metaphor “time is money,” which allows speakers to use money terms with time terms. According to Lakoff and Johnson, these metaphors permeate almost every aspect of English speech.

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Syntax And English Language Acquisition, Malena Weitze, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale Aug 2013

Syntax And English Language Acquisition, Malena Weitze, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale

Journal of Undergraduate Research

An oral testing method, Elicited imitation (EI), has provided helpful insight into the process of language acquisition and language assessment over the past 40 years. EI is an oral test in which the subject hears a sentence, forms a cognitive representation, and then produces a sentence according to that representation (Bley-Vroman & Chaudron 1994, 245). The theory behind EI is that, controlling for utterance length, people can only reproduce an utterance if they understand its syntax (sentence structure). Although there is controversy concerning the use of EI—asserting that it is not the most precise language acquisition assessment tool—currently prevalent methods …

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Semantic Change In Supreme Context: Semantics In The Privacy Line And Originalist Interpretation, Adam Prestidge, Dr. William Eggington Aug 2013

Semantic Change In Supreme Context: Semantics In The Privacy Line And Originalist Interpretation, Adam Prestidge, Dr. William Eggington

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In a nation governed by laws, change in the meaning of the words that compose those laws can have an unexpected impact. When I began to research this topic, I noticed that in certain Supreme Court cases, the word liberty was central to the discussion of the rights in question, and was used in some surprising ways. In the 2003 Supreme Court case, Lawrence v. Texas, liberty was described as something that guaranteed “the full right to engage in private conduct without government intervention.” After this statement piqued my interest, I noticed that Planned Parenthood of Southeastern PA v. Casey …

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Local Ordinances That Promote Physical Activity A Survey Of Municipal Policies In Utah, Trenton Robertson, Dr. Shuanna K. Burbidge Aug 2013

Local Ordinances That Promote Physical Activity A Survey Of Municipal Policies In Utah, Trenton Robertson, Dr. Shuanna K. Burbidge

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Utah Department of Health revisited a study published in 2003 in the American Journal of Public Health because they desire to understand how Utah cities are using local laws to encourage or discourage physical activity of residents. Since 2003 only Hawaii has conducted a similar study. We have had the chance and opportunity to refine and perfect methods previously used to research and analyze issues that many other states may use in the next decade.

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Does Technical Assistance Decrease Corruption In Developing Countries?, Anna Whittaker, Dr. Dan Nielson Aug 2013

Does Technical Assistance Decrease Corruption In Developing Countries?, Anna Whittaker, Dr. Dan Nielson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Although bilateral and multilateral aid donors have given away hundreds of billions of dollars in foreign aid, it is still unclear whether providing loans and launching major development projects in poor countries can really cause economic growth, helping these countries to provide for their own needs. Technical assistance is a unique type of foreign aid: instead of giving low income countries money to spend on development projects, donors provide their own experts to consult with governments, plan future development projects, or supervise the completion of current projects. Instead of providing physical resources for projects, donors give of their knowledge and …

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United States Involvement With The Hmong People During The Vietnam War In Laos, P. Mike Rattanasengchanh Aug 2013

United States Involvement With The Hmong People During The Vietnam War In Laos, P. Mike Rattanasengchanh

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of the project was an attempt to answer several questions about the United States involvement with the Hmong people during the Vietnam War in Laos.

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Shakers - South Union, Kentucky - Slaughtering Of Animals (Sc 1113), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Aug 2013

Shakers - South Union, Kentucky - Slaughtering Of Animals (Sc 1113), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 1113. Document comprising the timeline of hog and cattle slaughtering by members of the Shaker Society at South Union, Logan County, Kentucky from 1 December 1814 to 16 December 1891, compiled from Shaker journals and other original sources. Entries often indicate the number of animals butchered, their weight, and the purpose of the butchering.

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Evaluating Biodiversity Trends For Improved Implementation Of Global Environmental Policy, Tyler Greathouse, Dr. Gary Bryner Aug 2013

Evaluating Biodiversity Trends For Improved Implementation Of Global Environmental Policy, Tyler Greathouse, Dr. Gary Bryner

Journal of Undergraduate Research

There have been numerous international and national attempts to formulate environmental policies that would effectively curb the potentially debilitating decrease in biological diversity; however, many of these policies have failed to meet their goals. The most recent attempt to conserve biodiversity on the international stage was the 2002 agreement at the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Agreeing parties pledged to slow biodiversity loss in their own respective countries by 2010. However, follow up studies showed that the 2010 targets will not be met.

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Numerical Processing In Infants: Differentiating Between Small And Large Groups Of Number, Clark Van Den Berghe, Dr. Chris Porter, Dr. Ross Flom Aug 2013

Numerical Processing In Infants: Differentiating Between Small And Large Groups Of Number, Clark Van Den Berghe, Dr. Chris Porter, Dr. Ross Flom

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Without even realizing it, our brain is constantly taking in information from our external environment. While some things take conscious effort, others happen with little or no thought. Vision is an enormous input, and our brain processes what it sees in order for us to do many of our daily activities. One of the things that we process constantly is the number of objects in our field of view. This is the same for both infants and adults, since we both have to navigate the world we live in. The purpose of my research project was to examine more deeply …

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Religiosity And Election Partisanship In Presidential Races: The Case Of New Jersey, Tyler M. Ransom, Dr. Richard Butler Aug 2013

Religiosity And Election Partisanship In Presidential Races: The Case Of New Jersey, Tyler M. Ransom, Dr. Richard Butler

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Research has shown that voters show partisanship—propensity to vote along party lines—in Presidential elections. My project explores whether a person’s religiosity, as measured by affiliation variables, has an impact on partisanship and vote choice. My coauthors and I develop a religious partisanship index (RPI) that gauges the relative importance of religion between Democrats and Republicans in Presidential elections from 1980 to 2000. We find that, in every election of the 1980s, religion increased Republican partisanship, but since President Clinton (the elections of 1992, 1996 and 2000), religion increased partisanship among Democratic voters.

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An Issue Of Blood: The Practice Of Secluding Women During Menstruation And Post-Pardum, Rebekah Wightman, Dr. Valerie Hudson Aug 2013

An Issue Of Blood: The Practice Of Secluding Women During Menstruation And Post-Pardum, Rebekah Wightman, Dr. Valerie Hudson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Menstruation is a taboo subject in even the most familiar cultures. Talking menstruation in general is often full of uncomfortable giggles and whispers, but in other not so familiar cultures, menstruation is handled very differently. Seclusion typically means that menstruating women or those who have just given birth must not engage in public activities for the duration of their menses or post-pardum period. For some societies, menstrual huts are created as a place for women to reside outside the village during menstruation. Typically, the women are not allowed to leave the menstrual hut during this period of time and strict …

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Tracking Rt: Data-Driven Evidence As To The Efficacy Of Off-Site Recreation Therapy At The Utah State Hospital, Sean Woodland, Maya Inoue, Dr. Gary Burlingame Aug 2013

Tracking Rt: Data-Driven Evidence As To The Efficacy Of Off-Site Recreation Therapy At The Utah State Hospital, Sean Woodland, Maya Inoue, Dr. Gary Burlingame

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Recreation Therapy Program at the Utah State Hospital (USH) remains one of the least-noticed disciplines that the hospital has to offer. The program has the goal of improving the overall quality of life of the patient, focusing on the areas of community integration, skill development, and lifelong leisure. An important part of being able to accomplish these goals is via off-campus activities, ranging from camping and sporting events to visiting theaters and museums. However, in recent years the program has felt pressure from state legislatures and hospital administration to limit these off-campus interventions, mainly due to budget concerns, which …

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Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macacamulatta), Andrea Sorenson, Dr. James D. Higley Aug 2013

Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macacamulatta), Andrea Sorenson, Dr. James D. Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Initially this project was looking at the effects that multiple short term separations of a mother rhesus macaque from their infant would have on their relationship. More specifically, looking at adoption pairs (an infant raised by a non biological mother) to see if the relationship between the mother and the infant changed differently than the relationship of a mother and their biological infant. The focus of this analysis was looking at the mother/infant pair’s cortisol levels, which are a measure of the body’s physiological response to stress. The hope was to determine whether mother infant pairs with similar cortisol levels, …

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Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Whitney Maxwell, Dr. Dee Higley Aug 2013

Different Developmental Outcomes Following Lab Rearing By Biological Or Adoptive Mothers: Maternal Influence On Behavioral And Physiological Responses To Separation Stress In Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Whitney Maxwell, Dr. Dee Higley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Under stressful conditions the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis increases in both humans and animals leading to an increase in production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Maternal separation in nonhuman primates during infancy elicits behaviors characteristic of anxiety, such as withdrawal and nervous behavior and a substantial increase in ACTH (Higley and Linnoila 1997; Barr, Newman et al. 2004). Individual differences in anxiety in turn influence ACTH output, similar to what is seen in human children (Gunnar and Quevedo 2007). Infants response to separation physiologically and behaviorally is substantial and represents a significant stressor in the life of a young …

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The Narrative Identity Of Foster Youth As A Component Of Readiness For Independence, Jessica Woodbury, Jini Roby Aug 2013

The Narrative Identity Of Foster Youth As A Component Of Readiness For Independence, Jessica Woodbury, Jini Roby

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Researchers in a variety of disciplines have begun to describe identity development as having a narrative character (Kellas, 2005; Vangelisti, 2004). They explain that narrative identity consists of a self-perception which is rooted in personal and shared (especially within the family) stories (Vangelisti, 2004). These stories, or core memories, help us to define who we are, as well as our ultimate value and potential. With this research we desired to further the understanding and application of narrative identity theory as it applies to the fragmented personal and collective stories of children in foster care.

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Substance Abuse In Adolescent Literature, Megan Rogers, Dr. Sarah M. Coyne Aug 2013

Substance Abuse In Adolescent Literature, Megan Rogers, Dr. Sarah M. Coyne

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Over the past 50 years the effects of being exposed to questionable material in the media has been studied. During this time, a large body of research has accumulated which suggests that exposure to behaviors such as substance abuse, sexuality, violence, and other forms of aggression have an impact on the behavior of the consumer and how they view the world. These effects have been studied and found to be fairly consistent among various forms of media such as music, movies, video games, and television. Although a great deal of research has been conducted on the subject, hardly any studies …

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The Born Again Florida Public Health Review – A Commentary, Robert J. Mcdermott Aug 2013

The Born Again Florida Public Health Review – A Commentary, Robert J. Mcdermott

Florida Public Health Review

After a brief hiatus from active operation, the Florida Public Health Review is back in business and with a new home at The University of Tampa. The Founding Editor reflects on a decade of the publication’s history, including its trials and triumphs, and prepares to pass the torch to a new editor, a new era, and a new vision.

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Parental And Peer Support In The Lgbt Community, Andrew Midgley Aug 2013

Parental And Peer Support In The Lgbt Community, Andrew Midgley

Theses and Dissertations

The unique challenges faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) students are putting pressure on parents, teachers, and school psychologists to find potential solutions. The purpose of this study is to examine variables that have the potential to decrease levels of depression and bullying victimization experienced by LGBT youth. Adults who identify as LGBT were asked to complete a survey reflecting on their experiences in high school. Findings indicate that parental support and peer support are associated with decreased levels of depressive symptoms. There is also an indication that the presence of a student-run LGBT support and/or advocacy group …

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Negotiations Of Household Labor And Child Care And Perceptions Of Fairness Across The Transition To Parenthood: A Longitudinal Study, Brandon Mcdaniel Aug 2013

Negotiations Of Household Labor And Child Care And Perceptions Of Fairness Across The Transition To Parenthood: A Longitudinal Study, Brandon Mcdaniel

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The birth of a couple’s first child brings about more profound changes and challenges to the family unit than any other developmental stage (Vessey & Knauth, 2001). This transition has been associated with a deterioration of couple communication, sexual intimacy, and overall marital satisfaction with an increase in conflict (Cowan, 1995; Belsky & Pensky, 1988). A major contributor to the dramatic changes accompanying parenthood is the increase in household labor and child care responsibilities (Bond, Galinsky, & Swanberg, 1998; Cowan & Cowan, 1992). Conflicts over participation in household labor and perceptions of fairness in the home have been identified as …

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Creating A Sentence-Level Syntactic, Morphological And Lexical Feature Identification Application, Ross Hendrickson, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale Aug 2013

Creating A Sentence-Level Syntactic, Morphological And Lexical Feature Identification Application, Ross Hendrickson, Dr. Deryle Lonsdale

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Elicited imitation (EI) was originally used to study L1 acquisition in children and has since been applied to L2 oral proficiency testing (Chaudron, 1994). The PSST research group I am involved with has been researching EI as a viable method of language proficiency testing for some years now. An EI test consists of a series of sentence-length items that a subject must repeat verbatim after hearing each one. The sentences must be carefully chosen for their lexical, morphological, syntactic, and semantic content as well as for their length (usually counted in syllables). The primary impetus for this research project lies …

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The Least You Should Know About Teaching A Second Or Foreign Language, Danielle Shurtleff, Lynn Henrichsen Aug 2013

The Least You Should Know About Teaching A Second Or Foreign Language, Danielle Shurtleff, Lynn Henrichsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

People from a wide variety of different backgrounds and ages participate in teaching English to speakers of other languages. Many will be going abroad to countries where people need English to advance their education or employment. A majority of them will not have the training and experience that they should have to effectively teach English and are not in a position, due to finances, timing, or location, to get a TESOL degree or certificate. I am working with Dr. Henrichsen on a project that will solve the problem of inexperienced teachers going abroad with little or no knowledge or experience. …

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Greek Philosophy And The Christian Church Fathers, Michael Hansen, Dr. David Paulsen Aug 2013

Greek Philosophy And The Christian Church Fathers, Michael Hansen, Dr. David Paulsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In this project I intended to establish what doctrinal evolution can be seen in the Judeo-Christian tradition between the Second Temple period and the Post-Apostolic age. My hope was to document significant movements in theological attitudes that can be attributed, at least in part, to Greek philosophy.

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Does Ratifying International Treaties Affect Compliance With Sex Trafficking Norms In Countries?, Maren Perkins, Dr. Valerie Hudson Aug 2013

Does Ratifying International Treaties Affect Compliance With Sex Trafficking Norms In Countries?, Maren Perkins, Dr. Valerie Hudson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Sex trafficking is a growing problem worldwide. My research explores two questions: first, are states who sign the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2000) more likely to comply with anti-sex trafficking norms than countries that do not? Second, if states do comply is it because of societal respect for women’s rights, or because of economic or membership incentives with anti-trafficking entities such as the United States and the European Union? The theory advanced by my research is that ratifying the Protocol, which is a pledge by the country to combat …

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Social Equality Norms For Race, Gender, And Religion In The American Public During The 2008 Presidential Primaries, Scott Riding, Dr. J. Quin Monson Aug 2013

Social Equality Norms For Race, Gender, And Religion In The American Public During The 2008 Presidential Primaries, Scott Riding, Dr. J. Quin Monson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During the course of last year’s U.S. Presidential Election, many political analysts speculated that racial prejudice among American voters would hurt Democratic nominee Barack Obama in his bid for the White House. Candidates Hillary Clinton and Mitt Romney faced similar questions about gender and religious biases against their campaigns. If these biases exist, their presence runs against the grain of the political ideal — that any qualified candidate should have a fair shot at the highest political office in the country. Our research explores the existence and prevalence of these biases in context of the 2008 Democratic and Republican Presidential …

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What We Want: The Oral Histories Of Low-Caste Indian Widows And How They Navigate Their Surrounding Ideological And Social Context, Suzanne Powell, Dr. Valerie Hudson Aug 2013

What We Want: The Oral Histories Of Low-Caste Indian Widows And How They Navigate Their Surrounding Ideological And Social Context, Suzanne Powell, Dr. Valerie Hudson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I left on my field study with the goal of learning about the practice of widow abandonment by placing it within the larger social, political, and economic structure of Hindu India. I surmised that widow abandonment was creeping down into the traditionally less-orthodox South India because low caste groups were trying to prove just how Hindu they were – trying to legitimize a move into the upper, more pure high caste ranks. I sought to understand the practice by understanding how women fit into Hindu ideology, how they perceived themselves as a result of living in such a society under …

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Helping Willing Hands: Educating Single Mothers To Create Skills-Based Resumes, Kiel Willmore, Dr. Maureen Rice Aug 2013

Helping Willing Hands: Educating Single Mothers To Create Skills-Based Resumes, Kiel Willmore, Dr. Maureen Rice

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I had two main objectives for my creative project when I received an ORCA grant earlier this year. First, the project was aimed towards helping local single mothers, who not having the chance to obtain a secondary education, create skills-based resumes rather than education or experience-based resumes in order to help them obtain greater career options. I was hoping that by providing such service, it would not only help lift the community around us, but that it would bless the lives of single mothers’ families and help bolster them towards more fruitful careers.

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The Role Of Relationships In The Conversion Process: An Lds Sample, James W. Phillips, Dr. Kristin Hansen Aug 2013

The Role Of Relationships In The Conversion Process: An Lds Sample, James W. Phillips, Dr. Kristin Hansen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I consider this ORCA project to be a successful one on all accounts. The goals that were originally outlined at the onset of this project (forming an original research paper and presenting at a major academic conference) were met and future collaborations with Dr. Kristin Hansen suggest that we can publish our work in a scholarly journal. From the beginning, through the completion of the ORCA grant project, and continuing until the present, this mentored learning experience has been a fulfilling and productive endeavor.

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The Affect Of Marital Quality On Father Involvement With Children, Jessica Miner Aug 2013

The Affect Of Marital Quality On Father Involvement With Children, Jessica Miner

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The study of father involvement is a fairly new trend in research. Lamb (2000) suggested that we could define father involvement in behavior terms. These behaviors include: engagement, accessibility, and responsibility (Lamb, 2000). Fathers who are positively and behaviorally participating in these three components have, by definition, high involvement with their children. With increasing attention to the study of fathers, research has found that father involvement is a critical and unique element in the development of children: for example, higher levels of involvement influences early cognitive, language, emotional, and social development (Roggman, Boyce, Cook, Christiansen, & Jones, 2004). It is …

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Helping Willing Hands: Educating Single Mothers To Create Skills-Based Resumes, Kiel Willmore, Dr. Maureen Rice Aug 2013

Helping Willing Hands: Educating Single Mothers To Create Skills-Based Resumes, Kiel Willmore, Dr. Maureen Rice

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I had two main objectives for my creative project when I received an ORCA grant earlier this year. First, the project was aimed towards helping local single mothers, who not having the chance to obtain a secondary education, create skills-based resumes rather than education or experience-based resumes in order to help them obtain greater career options. I was hoping that by providing such service, it would not only help lift the community around us, but that it would bless the lives of single mothers’ families and help bolster them towards more fruitful careers.

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Using Metaphor Analysis: Mip And Beyond, Rod Pitcher Aug 2013

Using Metaphor Analysis: Mip And Beyond, Rod Pitcher

The Qualitative Report

Metaphor analysis is a way of obtaining understanding of a text by identifying and analysing the metaphors used in it. Metaphor analysis, as usually described, uses the researcher’s intuition as a means of identifying the metaphors. MIP, the Metaphor Identification Procedure, uses a more valid and repeatable way of finding the metaphors. MIP may be applied in a way that will produce a quantitative or qualitative result. As a result, the application of MIP links quantitative and qualitative research and their results through one method of identifying the metaphors.

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