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2013

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Articles 2221 - 2250 of 17401

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Eugene Debs, Walls & Bars: Prisons & Prison Life In The “Land Of The Free”, Edward L. W. Green Oct 2013

Eugene Debs, Walls & Bars: Prisons & Prison Life In The “Land Of The Free”, Edward L. W. Green

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"This piece reviews a largely overlooked account of prison experience written by Eugene V. Debs, concerning observations of prisons around the turn of the 20th century in the US. The book Walls and Bars: Prisons & Prison Life in the “Land of the Free” contributes many insights consistent with contemporary knowledge for criminology and criminal justice. It is not, however, without notable limitations. The subject-position of this account is clearly political and biased in a Protestant brand of morality and humanism. Debs expresses himself substantively throughout the book between the polemics of the sacred and the profane, although not in …

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Building Grounds For Release: Women’S Perceptions Of A Community Corrections Program, Andrea Cantora Oct 2013

Building Grounds For Release: Women’S Perceptions Of A Community Corrections Program, Andrea Cantora

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Few studies have examined the role halfway houses play in helping women navigate the transition from prison to community. To add to this research, my article explores the perceptions and experiences of women residing at a New Jersey female halfway house upon their release from prison. In-depth qualitative interviews with 33 women that I conducted were analyzed to understand the prison to halfway house transition. The study aims to answer the following questions: How does the halfway house help and/or hinder the reentry process? How do women perceive the halfway house during this transitional phase? The results of my research …

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John Irwin, Lifers: Seeking Redemption In Prison, Brian P. Schaefer Oct 2013

John Irwin, Lifers: Seeking Redemption In Prison, Brian P. Schaefer

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"The late John Irwin had a distinguished career researching the realities of American prisons and the associated cultures and norms that develop within these institutions. His legacy of research challenged widely held beliefs about the nature of imprisonment and reentry and introduced us to new frameworks to understand the prison industry. Along with famous works such as The Felon (1970), The Jail (1985), and The Warehouse Prison (2004), Irwin was instrumental in introducing Convict Criminology to academe, giving a voice to those who experienced the pains of imprisonment. In his final book, Lifers: Seeking Redemption in Prison (2009), Irwin once …

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The Professor’S Facebook: Social Networking And Web 2.0 For Academics, Michael K. Barbour Oct 2013

The Professor’S Facebook: Social Networking And Web 2.0 For Academics, Michael K. Barbour

Education Faculty Publications

Presentation for the Fall Faculty Institute October 15, 2013, Sacred Heart University. Using sites such as LinkedIn, GoogleScholar, SlideShare, and Academia.edu to promote and access the professor's scholarly work.

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Hpo: How Would We Know?, Tyler Jonathan Faux, Dr. Bruce L. Brown Oct 2013

Hpo: How Would We Know?, Tyler Jonathan Faux, Dr. Bruce L. Brown

Journal of Undergraduate Research

High Performance Organization (HPO) training developed in the early nineties at the Federal Executive Institute in Charlottesville, Virginia. This agency has the responsibility to train senior level executives in government agencies. Since its development, HPO seminars have been presented to many government, military, and private institutions. Essentially, the creators of HPO training have attempted to cast a net over the best ideas in organizational theory and to combine it into a coherent, internally consistent picture.

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The Context Of Contact: An Examination Of Whites’ Intermarriage Attitudes In The United States, Bryan R. Johnson, Dr. Mikaela Dufur Oct 2013

The Context Of Contact: An Examination Of Whites’ Intermarriage Attitudes In The United States, Bryan R. Johnson, Dr. Mikaela Dufur

Journal of Undergraduate Research

On June 12, 1967, under the Fourteenth Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned all laws banning marriage between those of different races.

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The Effects Of Gender On Human Event-Related Potentials, Kimberly Hales, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen Oct 2013

The Effects Of Gender On Human Event-Related Potentials, Kimberly Hales, Dr. Scott C. Steffensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Specific components of the human averaged visual evoked potential (VEP) are task-related. As observers scan a visual scene, they use two main types of visual object search: parallel and serial (Luck and Hillyard 1994). Parallel processing is where the object seems to “pop-out” to the observer, while serial processing requires searching. In this study, two targets were used that were previously characterized as parallel or serial (Salyer 2001) to study their differential effects on late VEP components.

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The Increasing Cost Of Health Care, Aaron Howard, Dr. Bret Mackay Oct 2013

The Increasing Cost Of Health Care, Aaron Howard, Dr. Bret Mackay

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Health Care costs have increased substantially over the past several years. Unfortunately, the cause of the increase is not well understood. The purpose of my research was to study and model the increasing premium trends of HMOs in an attempt to identify factors that contribute to the increasing costs of medical care.

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“We Incarcerate To Set Free:” Negotiating Punishment And Rehabilitation In Jail, Brittnie L. Aiello Oct 2013

“We Incarcerate To Set Free:” Negotiating Punishment And Rehabilitation In Jail, Brittnie L. Aiello

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Criminology has documented the decline of rehabilitation in the age of get-tough approaches to crime and punishment. Therapy and punishment, however, are not mutually exclusive. Rehabilitation and traditional punishment have long co-existed in penal facilities. In this article, I examine the role of rehabilitation at Northeast Jail, a county jail in the U.S. that adhered to an ideology of rehabilitation. But Northeast Jail was, first and foremost, a penal facility where offenders were confined and punished. While staff and administrators at Northeast Jail routinely invoked a rhetoric of rehabilitation, they adhered to rules and engaged in punitive practices that interfered …

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African American Perceptions Of Police Misconduct And Accountability, Ronald Weitzer, Rod K. Brunson Oct 2013

African American Perceptions Of Police Misconduct And Accountability, Ronald Weitzer, Rod K. Brunson

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"This article examines city residents’ reported experiences with and perceptions of various forms of police misconduct as well as their perspectives on two types of accountability mechanisms: internal and external to the police department. The data are derived from in-depth interviews with adult African American residents of the city. Our findings highlight the complexities involved in establishing credible citizen-led review boards, particularly in the types of cities such as the one examined here, East St. Louis. Survey research reveals that a majority of the public supports the principle of external oversight, but this general support may be diluted in settings …

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Sex Offenders And Campus-Based Sex Offender Registration: Stigma, Vulnerability, Isolation, And The Classroom As Refuge, Richard Tewksbury Oct 2013

Sex Offenders And Campus-Based Sex Offender Registration: Stigma, Vulnerability, Isolation, And The Classroom As Refuge, Richard Tewksbury

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Inclusion on the sex offender registration list is well known to produce stigma, collateral consequences, stress, and feelings of vulnerability for offenders. In addition to state-based registries, a number of institution-specific registries are beginning to appear, including those on college campuses. By using in-depth interviews with a sample of sex offenders listed on a campus-specific sex offender registry, this study explores the experiences resulting from this label. Findings highlight the feeling of vulnerability listing imposes, as well as self-isolating efforts designed to manage the possibility of identification, exposure, and confrontation. The interactional limitations, as well as the unintended consequence of …

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“Hidden In Plain Sight”: Locating The Men And Women Of The 1954 Boston Special Youth Program, Richard K. Moule Jr., Scott H. Decker Oct 2013

“Hidden In Plain Sight”: Locating The Men And Women Of The 1954 Boston Special Youth Program, Richard K. Moule Jr., Scott H. Decker

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"The growing prevalence of longitudinal research in the social sciences, coupled with technological advances, provide new opportunities for researchers to more readily find participants from earlier studies. In addition, these advances necessitate the development of new strategies and methodologies for locating and building rapport with respondents. Drawing on previous methods of subject identification and location, this paper examines techniques for locating and interviewing former gang members from the 1954-1957 Special Youth Program in Roxbury, MA. In contrast to most longitudinal studies, (1) more than 50 years have passed since the original study with no contact with respondents in the interim, …

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Motivation To Reduce Risk Behaviors While In Prison: Qualitative Analysis Of Interviews With Current And Formerly Incarcerated Women, Neetu Abad, Monique Carry, Jeffrey H. Herbst, Catherine I. Fogel Oct 2013

Motivation To Reduce Risk Behaviors While In Prison: Qualitative Analysis Of Interviews With Current And Formerly Incarcerated Women, Neetu Abad, Monique Carry, Jeffrey H. Herbst, Catherine I. Fogel

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Prison is an environment in which programs can be implemented to change harmful behaviors among high-risk populations. Incarcerated women experience high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), yet little research has examined women’s motivation to reduce risky behaviors during incarceration. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with former and current women prisoners in two North Carolina correctional facilities and analyzed to identify barriers and facilitators of behavior change while in prison. Analyses revealed key motivators of behavior change: Viewing prison as a place to recover from past trauma, removing oneself from negative social networks, gaining access to needed …

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Miriam Boeri, Women On Ice: Methamphetamine Use Among Suburban Women, Karen Mcelrath Oct 2013

Miriam Boeri, Women On Ice: Methamphetamine Use Among Suburban Women, Karen Mcelrath

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Some readers fail to read the preface to a book, eager to step inside the chapters. I began with the preface to Women on Ice and then returned to it after I had read the book in its entirety. The preface provides the reader with a brief but important snapshot of Miriam Boeri as an author and one whose family, like so many others, has experienced addiction. These life events shaped her interest in studying people who experience problems with psychoactive drug use. Moreover, authors who share this kind of “private trouble” help to de-stigmatize drug addiction (see also, the …

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Barrett, C.J., Courting Kids: Inside An Experimental Youth Court, Avi Brisman Oct 2013

Barrett, C.J., Courting Kids: Inside An Experimental Youth Court, Avi Brisman

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the United States witnessed a small increase in youth violence, particularly a rise in gun violence among young African-American urban males. This spike in gun violence was localized and primarily linked to turmoil surrounding the introduction of crack cocaine into many cities around the country—metropolitan areas that were already experiencing crushing economic pressures, unemployment, and decaying neighborhoods. There was no evidence of an overall nationwide surge in “youth crime” or “juvenile crime”—terms that became conflated with serious “youth violence,” which, in turn, became code for “dangerous young black or brown men.” Despite this …

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Ronald Weitzer, Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice To Lawful Business, Tammy Castle Oct 2013

Ronald Weitzer, Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice To Lawful Business, Tammy Castle

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Dr. Ronald Weitzer is considered an expert on the sex industry, having studied prostitution for over a decade. In his latest book, Legalizing Prostitution: From Illicit Vice to Lawful Business, Weitzer provides a comprehensive examination of the myriad dimensions of sex work by drawing on both past research and his own ethnographic field work. Not only does he shatter prostitution myths by using empirical data, but also offers an alternative paradigm for understanding sex work that is theoretically grounded. In addition, he casts a critical eye on prostitution policies in the United States and proposes a “best practices” approach …

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Stephanie C. Kane, Where Rivers Meet The Sea: The Political Ecology Of Water, Ashley K. Farmer Oct 2013

Stephanie C. Kane, Where Rivers Meet The Sea: The Political Ecology Of Water, Ashley K. Farmer

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Where Rivers Meet the Sea aims to explore how human beings have somehow created an environment that threatens the life-sustaining water systems that are such a natural, and perhaps taken for granted, part of their communities. Exploring rich cultural and historical contexts within two strikingly different South American neighborhoods, Stephanie C. Kane delves into how communities situated along bodies of water interact with and affect the human-water relationship. She pays particular attention to how culture, art, and race are intertwined with politics, crime, and governance."

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Forced To Learn: Community-Based Correctional Education, Ron Mottern, C. Amelia Davis, Mary F. Ziegler Oct 2013

Forced To Learn: Community-Based Correctional Education, Ron Mottern, C. Amelia Davis, Mary F. Ziegler

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"Community-based correctional education has received scant attention in adult literacy research yet mandatory education is a growing part of the legal system and is fueled by research that suggests a link between correctional education and lower rates of recidivism. Growth in alternative to prison programs affects local ABE and GED programs. Adults who attend community-based correctional programs as a condition of their probation or parole face many challenges. The purpose of this existential-phenomenological study was to understand the experience of those adults. Findings describe students’ experiences of being forced to attend a GED program. Opening a space for these stories …

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Jamie J. Fader, Falling Back: Incarceration And Transitions To Adulthood Among Urban Youth, Kallee Spooner Oct 2013

Jamie J. Fader, Falling Back: Incarceration And Transitions To Adulthood Among Urban Youth, Kallee Spooner

Qualitative Criminology (QC)

"In her first book, Jamie J. Fader presents an account of a group of young black males attempting to “fall back,” or stay out of trouble, as they return from a juvenile residential corrections facility to their communities in Philadelphia. Prior to the study, Fader spent six years evaluating delinquency programs for the city of Philadelphia and over a year working at a communitybased aftercare program that assisted youth returning to the city from reform schools. Fader gained access and insight to the structure and processes of the juvenile court system, which facilitated her research."

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The Prospector, October 15, 2013, Utep Student Publications Oct 2013

The Prospector, October 15, 2013, Utep Student Publications

The Prospector

Headline: Safety: Crime Worries Students Around Campus

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Attesting To Unique Attractions: The Significance Of The President's Commission On Organized Crime (1984-1986) Gambling Hearings, David G. Schwartz Oct 2013

Attesting To Unique Attractions: The Significance Of The President's Commission On Organized Crime (1984-1986) Gambling Hearings, David G. Schwartz

Library Faculty Research

The federal government has had a curious relationship with gambling. For much of its history, the national public policy towards gambling was simple: prohibition, despite the audacity of a few laggard states in experimenting with legalization schemes. Towards the end of the twentieth century, however, the national policy shifted, at first to tolerance of legal gambling to endorsement of it. The five primary federal studies of gambling conducted in the twentieth century—the Kefauver Committee (1950–2), the President’s Crime Commission (1967), the Commission to Review the National Policy on Gambling (1974–6), the President’s Commission on Organized Crime (1984–6), and the National …

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Ritualized Conversion Among Maya Pentecostals Of Ixtahuacan, Guatemala, Michael Jones, Dr. John Hawkins Oct 2013

Ritualized Conversion Among Maya Pentecostals Of Ixtahuacan, Guatemala, Michael Jones, Dr. John Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Among two Ki’che’ Pentecostal congregations, I examine conversion as a process for reconstructing one’s disrupted symbolic system or world view. This reconstruction is effected through rituals revealed in ritualized recitation of one’s conversion narrative and in the examination of group interaction. I explore three aspects of the conversion process—motive, mode, and choice of congregational affiliation after acceptance of “el evangelio”—and place conversions in historically and socially relevant contexts. I find that through conversion narratives individuals learn the proper form of conversion and socialization. The narratives reveal the proper way to reform and reconstruct a disrupted symbolic system.

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Contemporary Bark Cloth Of Tonga: A Manifestation Of Tongan Women And Society, Kirstin M. Johnson, Dr. Julie Hartley Oct 2013

Contemporary Bark Cloth Of Tonga: A Manifestation Of Tongan Women And Society, Kirstin M. Johnson, Dr. Julie Hartley

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Thousands of years ago the ancestors of the Tongan people brought with them a tree that would harvest bark prime for making cloth. Since then, Tongan women have exploited the resources of the paper mulberry tree (Broussonetia papyrifera) to produce a bark cloth they term ngatu. Today, fewer and fewer women make ngatu, yet, all women are perpetually in need of it since the cloth itself socially, ceremonially, and sometimes economically supports their lives. Women work endlessly to produce and give this honored fabric due to ingrained feelings of duty to fulfill cultural norms that retard change and leave no …

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Ghanaian Healing And Traditional Medicine: An Ethnobotanical Study Of The Use Of Medicinal Plants Among Traditional Ashanti Healers Of West Africa, Patricia Fifita, Dr. William Olsen Oct 2013

Ghanaian Healing And Traditional Medicine: An Ethnobotanical Study Of The Use Of Medicinal Plants Among Traditional Ashanti Healers Of West Africa, Patricia Fifita, Dr. William Olsen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For the importance of this paper, ethnobotany is defined as the study of interactions between plants and people, particularly the influence of plants on human culture. The study of medicinal plant knowledge is an issue of increasing importance and definite urgency, especially as various indigenous peoples around the globe are suffering a great loss of traditional knowledge and practices. Examining traditional plant knowledge holds value in the interest of cultural preservation, as well as providing an important contribution in the area of drug discovery. In this project, I focused on the traditional healing practices and systems of the Ghanaian peoples …

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Mobile Phones: Changing Moroccan Social Patterns, Alexia Green, Dr. Donna Lee Bowen Oct 2013

Mobile Phones: Changing Moroccan Social Patterns, Alexia Green, Dr. Donna Lee Bowen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

On the surface, Moroccan society appears fairly traditional. Women stay in the house. Men stay on the streets. However, traditional barriers are being circumvented by new technology; mobile phones allow men and women to have continual, unsupervised contact and thus interrupt social norms. Widespread mobile phone and internet use provides access to members of the opposite sex in ways never before possible. A fifteen year old girl can be sitting in her living room watching television with her parents while receiving texts from her (most likely unwelcome) boyfriend and no one is the wiser. This frequent contact is having a …

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Progressive Women: A Comparison Of Women’S Status In France, Morocco, And Tunisia, Margo Alana Larson, Dr. Donna Lee Bowen Oct 2013

Progressive Women: A Comparison Of Women’S Status In France, Morocco, And Tunisia, Margo Alana Larson, Dr. Donna Lee Bowen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Western perception of Muslim women remains riddled with negative stigmas regarding women’s perceived lack of personal status rights. France as the center of all cultural advances was thought of as being advanced in the area of female status rights as well. As ideas moved from this Parisian cultural center to North Africa—the periphery of French civilization, North African female status laws were modified. Yet who can to say these changes were for the good or were in areas in which the French were more advance? This thesis has examined the idea that Western women have gained rights more quickly and …

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The Spatial Distribution Of Votes Garnered By Ldp Candidates: An Exploratory Analysis Using Moran’S, Brian C. Dowdle, Dr. Ray Christensen Oct 2013

The Spatial Distribution Of Votes Garnered By Ldp Candidates: An Exploratory Analysis Using Moran’S, Brian C. Dowdle, Dr. Ray Christensen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Electoral systems, which use multimember electoral districts and non-transferable votes, present unique strategic dilemmas for political parties. In order to gain a parliamentary majority, a party must run and win candidates equal to at least one-half of the available seats. Under such a system, therefore, it is commonplace for candidates of the same party to run against each other along with candidates from other political parties. This poses two significant strategic dilemmas. First, how many party candidates should run in each election district? Second, how can the vote best be divided among party candidates to maximize the number of seats …

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Determinants Of Religious Freedom, Daniel M. Butler, Dr. Danny Damron Oct 2013

Determinants Of Religious Freedom, Daniel M. Butler, Dr. Danny Damron

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Since the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration on human rights, there has been an incredible growth in the research done on human rights. The universal nature of these standards and rights has ensured that the study of human rights has been particularly fruitful for comparative study. While the number of cross-national studies on human rights has quickly increased during the past decade, the majority of those studies have used a narrow conception of human rights – the level of personal integrity abuses. This study adds to existing research by testing to see if some of the factors that have …

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Lanthorn, Vol. 48, No. 16, October 14, 2013, Grand Valley State University Oct 2013

Lanthorn, Vol. 48, No. 16, October 14, 2013, Grand Valley State University

Volume 48, July 1, 2013 - June 2, 2014

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

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Gay After Graduation, Laura J. Koenig Oct 2013

Gay After Graduation, Laura J. Koenig

SURGE

I first went public with my sexual orientation over Surge last spring–my last semester at Gettysburg before graduation. I was scared, but ultimately lucky to be met with support from my friends and family. People generally accepted my sexuality and then moved on. Actually, life went on so quickly that it took me some time to catch up. [excerpt]

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