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2013

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Articles 14461 - 14490 of 17400

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Is Translation Enough? : A Study Of The Item Characteristics Which Influence Equivalence Between English And Spanish Versions Of A Selection Test, Andrea Valentine Jan 2013

Is Translation Enough? : A Study Of The Item Characteristics Which Influence Equivalence Between English And Spanish Versions Of A Selection Test, Andrea Valentine

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The goal of this study was to investigate the equivalence between an English and Spanish version of a selection test that was used to hire entry-level employees for a nationwide retail organization. By using a test that was back translated from English to Spanish, this study aimed at understanding whether different item characteristics are related to differential item functioning (DIF) and whether these item characteristics moderate the degree of equivalence between IRT item parameters. An understanding of which item characteristics influence equivalence can help guide researchers and practitioners in deciding on which items require test adaptation and which can simply …

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Eudaimonia And Virtù : Excellence And Conflict In Democratic Politics, Christine M.K. Dow Jan 2013

Eudaimonia And Virtù : Excellence And Conflict In Democratic Politics, Christine M.K. Dow

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Despite renewed interest in republicanism as a political and theoretical alternative to liberalism, much of contemporary republican scholarship emphasizes the ways that republican principles - liberty, rule of law, political participation - fit within a liberal framework, sharing its institutions and commitment to individual liberty. This project, in contrast, extracts a radically democratic republican theory of politics from two founding republican thinkers - Aristotle and Machiavelli. Using an analytical approach, I argue that a concept of human excellence or flourishing is central to a democratic interpretation of these texts. I show, in an analysis of the Ethics and Politics, that …

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The Case For Character : A Reply To Situationism, Brandon Lee Jan 2013

The Case For Character : A Reply To Situationism, Brandon Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The notion of character is a familiar and prominent part of ethical theorizing, and of our everyday discourse. Character is used to explain how people act, to predict what they will do, to judge whether they ought to be trusted, and utilized in a multitude of other ways. A camp of philosophers dubbed the "Situationists", however, argue that research in social psychology shows the notion of character as we traditionally understand it is empirically unsupported, and consequently that all our discourse and ethical thought involving character is gravely mistaken. Instead, these philosophers contend that what influences and informs our perception …

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White Noise : Negotiating Boundaries And Constructing Whiteness In Hip-Hop America, Carolyn Corrado Jan 2013

White Noise : Negotiating Boundaries And Constructing Whiteness In Hip-Hop America, Carolyn Corrado

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines the ways in which white hip-hop youth negotiate racial boundaries in their daily lives, and how this process of racial boundary negotiation in turn influences their construction of white racial identities. By focusing on white youth who mark their racial identity to varying degrees based on their level of involvement in hip-hop culture, and comparing and contrasting white hip-hop kids from a suburban area who live their lives in a homogenous, mostly white racial context to their counterparts from an urban area who live their lives in a heterogeneous, multiracial context, I have been able to parse …

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An Exploration Of Social Supports And Cultural Traditions On The Development Of Posttraumatic Growth Among Adult Haitian Immigrants, Patricia L. Weldon Jan 2013

An Exploration Of Social Supports And Cultural Traditions On The Development Of Posttraumatic Growth Among Adult Haitian Immigrants, Patricia L. Weldon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The research objective was to explore how post-traumatic growth is expressed in Haitian immigrants and what role social supports and cultural traditions may play in the development of post-traumatic growth. Post-traumatic growth is defined by positive changes in one or more of five domains including; personal strengths, relating to others, appreciation of life, spirituality and life philosophy (Calhoun & Tedeschi, 2006). Conceptual frameworks of constructivism (Rodwell, 1998), strength based approach (Saleebey, 2000)and eco systems theory (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) were employed to guide the study.

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Impact Of Gender Inequality And Religion On How States Experience Terrorism, Aneela Salman Jan 2013

Impact Of Gender Inequality And Religion On How States Experience Terrorism, Aneela Salman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation includes three essays that present a quantitative analysis of the policy implications of gender equality and religious attitudes as predictors of terrorism at the state level using a broad dataset. Essay one focuses on impact of gender equality, especially women's political empowerment on terrorism, both domestic and transnational. The second essay examines both gender equality attitudes and actual outcomes in social, economic and political spheres, to measure their effect on terrorism. The third essay analyzes the relation of religiousness in a society with incidents and lethality of terrorism. The overall findings of this thesis suggest that attitudes and …

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Acculturation, Family Dynamics And Psychological Well-Being Among Asian And Hispanic Adolescents In Immigrant Families : A Comparative Analysis, Yong Li Jan 2013

Acculturation, Family Dynamics And Psychological Well-Being Among Asian And Hispanic Adolescents In Immigrant Families : A Comparative Analysis, Yong Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Past research has consistently supported the view that adolescents in both Asian and Hispanic immigrant families may experience mental health problems such as depression and low self-esteem. The mechanisms influencing psychological well-being (PWB) may be conditioned by unique aspects of Asian and Hispanic culture. Based on the ecological systems framework, family systems theories, acculturation theories, and relevant literature, factors such as family dynamics, acculturation and their interactions may be important in shaping adolescent PWB. Examining these factors from a comparative perspective, between Asian and Hispanic adolescents, could provide new insights into the ways culturally responsive and competent services are planned …

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Second Generation Indo-Guyanese Adolescent Identity, Caitlin Irene Janiszewski Jan 2013

Second Generation Indo-Guyanese Adolescent Identity, Caitlin Irene Janiszewski

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis investigates the lives of second generation Indo-Guyanese immigrants in Schenectady, New York. Through the creative means of playwriting, I demonstrate how these subjects saw identified racially, ethnically, nationally, and how gender is implicated in these identifications. I argue that the force of "colorblind" discourse and multicultural language in the context the United States promotes an ambiguous sense of racial, ethnic, and national identification. I argue that a Foucauldian framework which I call the "deployment of race" is what manages this ambiguity and disciplines subjects to use a "colorblind" grammar. This thesis/project also makes a methodological argument. The stage …

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Networking And Performance Of Community Based Organizations In Taiwan : A Social Capital Perspective, Yi-Yi Chen Jan 2013

Networking And Performance Of Community Based Organizations In Taiwan : A Social Capital Perspective, Yi-Yi Chen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Developing partnerships is a crucial strategy for Community based organizations (CBOs) to maximize service capacity, serve clients of diverse needs, and compete for funding, yet the evidence is scant. The study asks whether organizational networking is helpful to a CBOs' service performance and whether the effect of networking varies by certain organizational features of a CBO. The research framework is built with the literature review of social capital theories with a focus of organizations, community practice models, and case studies on CBOs' networking. Two forms of networking, within and beyond community, are hypothesized as associated with two traits of performance, …

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A Survey-Based Study Of Social Workers' Critical Consciousness And Practice With Lgb Clients, Cynthia Lynn Bott Jan 2013

A Survey-Based Study Of Social Workers' Critical Consciousness And Practice With Lgb Clients, Cynthia Lynn Bott

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Social workers are responsible for providing the majority of mental health and substance abuse services in the United States in the role of direct service. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LBG) individuals utilize these services at rates that are believed to be higher than other populations. The field of social work embraces social justice as one of its core principles. This cross-sectional survey of 220 BSW and/or MSW social workers investigates two questions: what is the relationship among key aspects of social worker critical consciousness, i.e., attitudes about social justice, change agency, and awareness of heterosexism; and in what ways does …

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Gentrification And Crime In New York City 1980-2009, Michael Scott Barton Jan 2013

Gentrification And Crime In New York City 1980-2009, Michael Scott Barton

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

It is a well supported fact that crime rates in cities across the United States increased between the 1960s and 1980s before dramatically declining during the 1990s. While scholars agree that this decline occurred, they continue to debate the cause of the decline (Greenberg, 2013; Zimring, 2011). References to changes in neighborhood crime rates as a result of gentrification have been common in previous research on gentrification, but only a few studies have empirically assessed the association between gentrification and crime. Kreager, Lyons, and Hays (2011), Papachristos, Smith, Scherer, and Fugiero (2011), and Smith (2012), who utilized innovative measures of …

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Outcome Expectancies Mediate The Impact Of Olfactory Cues On Marijuana Craving, Mallory Loflin Jan 2013

Outcome Expectancies Mediate The Impact Of Olfactory Cues On Marijuana Craving, Mallory Loflin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Current work suggests that the presence of "craving" may be a significant indicator of problematic substance use. Nevertheless, little work has examined how cannabis users experience and develop craving. Most relevant studies focus on samples in treatment. Previous work suggests that cues for marijuana might activate outcome expectancies that contribute to the development of craving. The present study sought to test whether an olfactory marijuana cue would create changes in expectancy, mood, and craving in a non-treatment seeking sample representing both users and non-users. Unlike control cues, olfactory cues for marijuana increased perceptions of the likelihood of marijuana-induced positive outcomes …

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A Multiple Case Study Exploring The Intervention Processes Influencing Success For Dd/Mi Dually Diagnosed Adolescents, Julanne Colvin Jan 2013

A Multiple Case Study Exploring The Intervention Processes Influencing Success For Dd/Mi Dually Diagnosed Adolescents, Julanne Colvin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Given what has been described in the literature about the life circumstances of youth who are dually diagnosed with a developmental disability and a mental or behavior disorder, we know that in the trajectory of their lives they are likely to live out of their homes and communities for lengthy periods of time in order to receive specialized treatment. The Intervention and Supports for Adolescents and Families (ISAF) program, an integrated multi-disciplinary treatment approach, was designed to cross over multiple service systems to address the challenges of delivering services to dually diagnosed youth and their families and reduce the risk …

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Investigating New York : Governor Alfred E. Smith, The Moreland Act, And Reshaping New York State Government, John T. Evers Jan 2013

Investigating New York : Governor Alfred E. Smith, The Moreland Act, And Reshaping New York State Government, John T. Evers

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

By examining Governor Alfred E. Smith's use of gubernatorial investigations sanctioned by law under the under the Moreland Act, this work details his efforts to transform New York State government from a chaotic system of boards, bureaus, commissions, and departments to a streamlined cabinet-style executive branch dominated by a strong governor. Hindered by a state constitution which severely limited gubernatorial power, Smith utilized one of the few tools open to governors to draw attention to, and then change, state government: executive investigation. In order to gain control of state administrative, budgetary, and public policy initiatives Smith challenged legislative leaders and …

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Quality, Objectivity, And Tone In Media Portrayals Of Care For Older Adults, Jennifer Van Loan Jan 2013

Quality, Objectivity, And Tone In Media Portrayals Of Care For Older Adults, Jennifer Van Loan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In response to the growing population of older adults who will need assistance to care for themselves, this research evaluates media coverage of care options for older adults presented in local newspapers, an informational resource used by baby boomers and older generations interested in planning for their futures and caring for their loved ones. Computer databases for four newspapers representing the Capital Region of New York State were scanned for keywords to identify articles about older adult care, then articles were reviewed to ensure they were relevant to older adult care. A quantitative content analysis was performed on the articles …

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A Multilevel Investigation Of The Influence Of Family And School Level Factors On Age Of Sexual Initiation : A Focus On Sex Differences, Candace White Jan 2013

A Multilevel Investigation Of The Influence Of Family And School Level Factors On Age Of Sexual Initiation : A Focus On Sex Differences, Candace White

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background and Purpose: Early sexual initiation is associated with unwanted pregnancy, depression, and other health risks, yet sexual intercourse is occurring at earlier ages than in past decades and teen pregnancy rates in the U.S are the highest in the

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An Implementation Study Of The Science And Technology Entry Program (Step) In New York State, Susan C. Perkins Jan 2013

An Implementation Study Of The Science And Technology Entry Program (Step) In New York State, Susan C. Perkins

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

As global demands for workers in the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields persist, there are increased opportunities for historically underrepresented African-American and Latino youth to fill STEM career pipelines. African-American and Latino youth have long faced disproportionately high unemployment rates. Joblessness has been complicated by lower high school graduation rates for African-American and Latino youth. Significant federal and state funding has been allocated to address this state of affairs. Research findings on STEM career development programs for historically underrepresented youth can inform public policy and resource allocation.

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Factors Related To Recidivism Among Mentally Disordered Offenders : Differential Impact Of Historical And Dynamic Clinical Indicators Across Risk Level, Lori J. Torgersen Jan 2013

Factors Related To Recidivism Among Mentally Disordered Offenders : Differential Impact Of Historical And Dynamic Clinical Indicators Across Risk Level, Lori J. Torgersen

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Understanding the factors related to recidivism among mentally disordered offenders is important so that criminal justice and mental health systems can prioritize resources to intervene with those most likely to reoffend by targeting factors that are most likely to reduce risk. While there is a sound body of literature identifying the predictors of recidivism among non-disordered adult offenders, the same inquiry in the case of mentally disordered offenders has been more equivocal.

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Developmental Adaptation Hypothesis : Aerobic Capacity, Submaximal Arterial Saturation And Pulmonary Volumes In Peruvian Quechua Natives, Melisa Kiyamu Tsuchiya Jan 2013

Developmental Adaptation Hypothesis : Aerobic Capacity, Submaximal Arterial Saturation And Pulmonary Volumes In Peruvian Quechua Natives, Melisa Kiyamu Tsuchiya

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Quechua populations have inhabited the Andes for hundreds of generations. The ability to thrive in this hostile environment, leading an active and healthy life has generated research questions about the special phenotype of Andean highlanders compared to their sea-level counterparts, such as their higher pulmonary volumes and their outstanding work capacity in spite of the challenge of oxygen transport and delivery in hypoxia. In high altitude natives, there have been two main explanations for the origins of the aforementioned traits: genetic adaptation through natural selection and developmental adaptation through the exposure to hypoxia during growth.

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The Anti-Abortion Legislation In Nicaragua : Gender Hierarchies And Ideologies In Reproduction, Ilona M. Flores Jan 2013

The Anti-Abortion Legislation In Nicaragua : Gender Hierarchies And Ideologies In Reproduction, Ilona M. Flores

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This research examines the anti-abortion legislation that was passed in Nicaragua in 2006. The methods of investigation involve participant/observation and collaboration, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. Through examination of the legal and medical implications of criminalizing therapeutic abortions, this research demonstrates that the anti-abortion law attempts to enforce traditional gender roles. The abortion debate inspired many questions of morality and motherhood, and that access to therapeutic abortions meant denying `normal' gender roles. While some women internalized these notions, others did not. However, Nicaraguans use the conceptual framework of `salir adelante' as a way to practice agency.

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Self-Esteem Among Migrant Children In China, Bo Zhou Jan 2013

Self-Esteem Among Migrant Children In China, Bo Zhou

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In 2010, there were over 35 million migrant children in China. Studies showed that rural-to-urban migrant children had significantly lower self-esteem than the urban non-migrant children, but the determinant factors have not been analyzed thoroughly. In this paper, I use data from the 2002 China Nine-City Survey of Migrant Children to examine what factors may affect migrant children's self-esteem. The results of data analysis showed that poor living conditions, anxiety about being discriminated against and exposure to neighborhood crime can lead to lower self-esteem among migrant children. My findings suggested that if the government gradually allows more migrants to enjoy …

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How Cultural Elements Are Reflected In Policy Discourse Regarding Work-Life Balance : Policy Discourse As An Indicator Of Korean Culture, Ji Sung Kim Jan 2013

How Cultural Elements Are Reflected In Policy Discourse Regarding Work-Life Balance : Policy Discourse As An Indicator Of Korean Culture, Ji Sung Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

As the proportion of both working women and dual-income families has increased worldwide over the last few decades, employees' value orientations related to their quality of life have changed considerably, in regard to both their work and personal lives. With these changes, a variety of work-life balance policies and practices have emerged to help employees manage their work and family responsibilities. In addition. policy discussions and public discourse regarding issues of work-life balance have expanded. In the Republic of Korea, the research context of this research, although there have been many efforts both from the legislature and government to promote …

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An Examination Of Interconnectedness Between U.S. International Branch Campuses And Their Host Countries, Jill Crombie-Borgos Jan 2013

An Examination Of Interconnectedness Between U.S. International Branch Campuses And Their Host Countries, Jill Crombie-Borgos

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This qualitative study examines U. S. international branch campus (IBC) administrative leadership structures and the interconnections they have to their respective host countries. While several factors concerning the sustainability of IBCs have been cited, this study introduces "leadership networks" to the discourse on IBC sustainability. Open access website documents were reviewed to identify IBC leadership and their interconnections. Using Atlas ti., concept maps were constructed for 48 U.S. IBCs to conduct a social network graphical analysis. The maps were coded and assessed for the emergence of patterns of interconnectedness between onsite administrative leadership or board members and their respective host …

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The Impact Of School-To-School Transitions On Academic Achievement : An Analysis Of Various Grade-Span Configurations Utilized By Public School Districts In New York State, James J. Delviscio Jan 2013

The Impact Of School-To-School Transitions On Academic Achievement : An Analysis Of Various Grade-Span Configurations Utilized By Public School Districts In New York State, James J. Delviscio

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were essentially two types of organizational structures for primary and secondary education in the United States. There were either one-room K-12 schools or in larger systems K-8 buildings feeding into four-year high schools. Despite numerous experiments since then in reconfiguring schools resulting in a wide variety of grade-grouping combinations, there continues to be no consensus on one preferred organizational model for schools within districts. More importantly, there has been relatively little empirical research done to determine whether the way schools are configured or whether the number of schools a child attends, which …

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The New Welfare State : Reconsidering The Welfare-Crime Nexus, Colin Gruner Jan 2013

The New Welfare State : Reconsidering The Welfare-Crime Nexus, Colin Gruner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A sizeable body of literature has found that welfare reduces crime, but the majority of these studies have used data from before 1996. In 1996 the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) radically changed the welfare system of the United States. Control of welfare programs shifted from the federal government to the states and PRWORA increased the emphasis on getting people off welfare via the introduction of lifetime limits on the receipt of aid and mandatory participation in work programs for able-bodied recipients. Consistent with this emphasis, researchers have documented a precipitous drop in caseload sizes across the …

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Relation Of Therapeutic Alliance To Retention In Eight Cases Of Brief Strategic Family Therapy, Alyson H. Sheehan Jan 2013

Relation Of Therapeutic Alliance To Retention In Eight Cases Of Brief Strategic Family Therapy, Alyson H. Sheehan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This mixed-methods study was designed to explore how the therapeutic alliance may influence retention in conjoint family therapy with adolescent drug abusers. Eight videotaped first sessions from a large-scale effectiveness study of Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT; Robbins, Feaster, Horigan et al., 2011) were selected in which four trained BSFT therapists saw one family that continued in treatment and one family that dropped out after that session.

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Tabaqueras On The Shop Floor : Gendered Labor Process And Production Model Transformations In Cigar Factories In Santiago, Dominican Republic, 1940-2011, Ingrid Mercedes Bircann-Barkey Jan 2013

Tabaqueras On The Shop Floor : Gendered Labor Process And Production Model Transformations In Cigar Factories In Santiago, Dominican Republic, 1940-2011, Ingrid Mercedes Bircann-Barkey

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation uncovers the different gendered labor processes that have shaped the cigar women workers or tabaqueras' work experiences on the cigar shop floor or galera since the 1940s. I argue that contradictory processes of exclusion and inclusion in the urban-rural nexus of the tobacco/cigar economy may be based on gendered notions of skills. This gendered notion may be traced to how changes in state policy, international markets, and financial systems as well as changes in premium cigar production models, have transformed the galera's social organization and labor process.

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Mediational Effects Of Desktop-Videoconferencing Telecollaborative Exchanges On The Intercultural Communicative Competence Of Students Of French As A Foreign Language, Veronique Marie Martin Jan 2013

Mediational Effects Of Desktop-Videoconferencing Telecollaborative Exchanges On The Intercultural Communicative Competence Of Students Of French As A Foreign Language, Veronique Marie Martin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Since the early 2000s, foreign language practitioners and researchers have shown an increasing interest in exploring the affordances of multimodal telecollaborative environments for the linguistic and intercultural development of their students. Due in part to their inherent complexity, one-on-one desktop-videoconferencing contexts have not been widely explored. To this end, this study investigates if and how American students of French engaged in a telecollaborative exchange with a class of French students are able to develop their Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) through online interaction and the completion of a collaborative task. Adopting a case study approach, the video-recorded sessions of three dyads …

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The Impact Of Childhood Residential Stability On Adult Homelessness And Mental Health, Joli Brown Jan 2013

The Impact Of Childhood Residential Stability On Adult Homelessness And Mental Health, Joli Brown

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Over the last 20 years, homeless families have increased dramatically in the United States. Literature on homelessness has traditionally focused on single men/adults with severe mental illness. Using data collected for a local mental health organization and social service agency providing trauma and case management services to homeless mothers with a history of trauma, my goal is to determine whether group home, foster care stays and episodes of homelessness prior to 18 years of age would increase the likelihood of respondents lifetime number of times homeless, number of traumatic events over one's lifetime and depression 30 days prior to the …

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Unwanted And Out Of Control : The Role Of Rejection Sensitivity And The Inhibition Of Rejection In The Depletion Of Self-Control, Jennifer L. Perella Jan 2013

Unwanted And Out Of Control : The Role Of Rejection Sensitivity And The Inhibition Of Rejection In The Depletion Of Self-Control, Jennifer L. Perella

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Self-regulation, also referred to as self-control, has been defined as one's capacity to override, interrupt, and otherwise alter one's responses. According to the strength model of self-control, self-regulatory resources are limited; exerting effort on one task leads to decreased performance on a subsequent task requiring self-control, or depletion of one's self-regulation capacity. Self-control depletion has been the focus of much research in the past decade as lack of self-control has been implicated in many maladaptive interpersonal behaviors such as aggression and decreased helping behaviors. Previous research has demonstrated that being rejected is one way that one's self-regulatory resources can be …

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