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2010

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Articles 4891 - 4920 of 12751

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Road Pricing, Anthony M. Rufolo May 2010

Road Pricing, Anthony M. Rufolo

Systems Science Friday Noon Seminar Series

Fuel taxes are an important source of funds for roads. However, increasing fuel efficiency and the potential for alternative fueled vehicles have raised questions about the long-term viability of this revenue source. Oregon conducted an experiment to evaluate the potential to replace fuel taxes with mileage fees. The findings from that experiment will be presented along with some discussion of current research on the cost associated with implementing different types of mileage fees.

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A Case Study On Sibling Rivalry And The Use Of A Social Skills Training Model, Michelle Maiorano May 2010

A Case Study On Sibling Rivalry And The Use Of A Social Skills Training Model, Michelle Maiorano

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to use social skills training on an individual child to enhance the relationship with her siblings. The social skills sessions focused on factors such warmth, rivalry, conflict and status/power between the two siblings. These were measured by the Sibling Rivalry Questionnaire which the mother filled out before the sessions began and after they were completed. The results did not find a major difference between the pre and post tests. Warmth increased slightly, rivalry decreased slightly, there was no difference in the amount of conflict, and there was a slight decrease in relative status/power from …

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A Ditch By Any Other Name Is Still A Ditch: An Archaeological Assessment Of Ditch Earthworks On The Middle Missouri In The Dakotas, Albert M. Lebeau May 2010

A Ditch By Any Other Name Is Still A Ditch: An Archaeological Assessment Of Ditch Earthworks On The Middle Missouri In The Dakotas, Albert M. Lebeau

Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research

A Ditch by any other Names is Still a Ditch: An Archaeological Assessment of Ditch Earthworks on the Middle Missouri of South Dakota Albert M. LeBeau III, M.A. University of Nebraska , 2010 Advisor: Peter Bleed Abstract: This thesis is an archaeological assessment of ditch earth works on the Middle Missouri sub-area in North and South Dakota. This master’s thesis considers previously publically published materials from fifteen archaeological sites along the northern tier of Missouri River in the Dakotas. The paper questions the use of the terms “fortified” and “fortification” when describing ditch earthworks that surround some Plains Village archaeological …

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Limits On The Number Of Concurrent Auditory Streams, Jonathan Henry Schuett May 2010

Limits On The Number Of Concurrent Auditory Streams, Jonathan Henry Schuett

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Evidence suggests that listeners are limited to perceiving only three streams of auditory information when that information is presented within a rapid sequence of tonal elements. However, this limit has yet to be determined in a controlled setting while using complex tones. Because complex tones are more analogous to naturally occurring tones, finding this limit with complex tones would offer more ecological validity to the suggested perceptual limitation. Thus, Experiment 1 of the current investigation presented listeners with 2- to 5-tone sequences of sawtooth tones at a variety of presentation rates, instructing listeners to report the number of tonal events …

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The Effects Of Caffeine On Delay Discounting In Humans, Andrew Dylan Markham May 2010

The Effects Of Caffeine On Delay Discounting In Humans, Andrew Dylan Markham

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

A behavioral form of impulsivity, delay discounting, has been used to examine the effects of drug consumption on individuals' abilities to delay gratification. However, delay discounting has not been used to examine one of the most commonly used drugs in the world, caffeine. Nor has delay discounting been used to examine the effects of drug influence on impulsivity. This study examined the influence of 200 mg caffeine on delay discounting in a collegiate sample. 15 participants underwent two experimental sessions: a caffeine condition and a placebo condition. Although participants were more impulsive under caffeine than under placebo, this trend was …

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Adolescent Characteristics That Contribute To Family Conflict In Families With Adolescents With Adhd, Olivia Adelle Christensen May 2010

Adolescent Characteristics That Contribute To Family Conflict In Families With Adolescents With Adhd, Olivia Adelle Christensen

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at a heightened risk of parent/adolescent conflict. Families with adolescents with ADHD tend to experience frequent and intense family conflict which can be problematic to family cohesion. Existing treatments targeting family conflict are minimally effective. The current study explored adolescent characteristics hypothesized to predict family conflict in families with adolescents with ADHD. The relationship between parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of conflict was also investigated. In the current study there was not a relationship between parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of family conflict indicating disagreement. Adolescents’ age and symptoms of depression predicted family conflict regardless …

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Addressing Response Requirements And Behavioral Costs In Contingency Management For Smoking Cessation, Brantley Phillip Jarvis May 2010

Addressing Response Requirements And Behavioral Costs In Contingency Management For Smoking Cessation, Brantley Phillip Jarvis

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Despite the efficacy of contingency management (CM) in promoting smoking reduction and abstinence, major barriers continue to hinder its widespread dissemination and adoption. The present study addressed two of these barriers, inefficient response requirements and high behavioral costs, by evaluating a novel payment schedule implemented within a workplace setting. Nine university staff were enrolled in a 6-week ABAB study design. During baseline weeks, participants earned money contingent on session attendance. During CM weeks, participants earned money contingent on smoking reduction or abstention payment arrangements, which were available concurrently. Abstention payments increased in magnitude across treatment weeks whereas reduction payments decreased. …

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The Impact Of Culture On Self-Objectification And Risky Appearance Management Behaviors In College Females: A Path Analytic Model, Ellyn Leighton-Herrmann May 2010

The Impact Of Culture On Self-Objectification And Risky Appearance Management Behaviors In College Females: A Path Analytic Model, Ellyn Leighton-Herrmann

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

According to objectification-theory, females are socialized to think of their bodies as objects. Given the presence of media and social influence in day to day life, these are likely to have an influence on how young adult females view their bodies. The current study specified a path model testing theoretically-based, hypothesized relationships between cultural, self-objectification, and certain appearance management behaviors in college females. As predicted, significant, positive relationships were found between the Internalization of the thin ideal and the Media, Relationship Status, and Family and Peer influence. Only two of the three hypothesized relationships between Internalization the components of McKinley …

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Investigating The Functionality Of A Self-Report Instrument To Detect Autistic Traits In A Non-Clinical College Population: Psychometric Properties Of The Short Version Of Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Aq-26), Anna Zilberberg May 2010

Investigating The Functionality Of A Self-Report Instrument To Detect Autistic Traits In A Non-Clinical College Population: Psychometric Properties Of The Short Version Of Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Aq-26), Anna Zilberberg

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The present study investigated the dimensionality of the short version of Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-26) (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Designed to screen for autistic traits in a non-clinical adult population, the AQ-26 can potentially be a very useful tool both in research and practice. However, evidence pertaining to the structural validity of the AQ-26 is scarce and inconclusive. Competing factor structure models based on previous research were specified and tested using an American college student sample. None of the theoretically specified models provided adequate fit for the data and the focus …

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An Examination Of The Construct Validity Of The Hong Psychological Reactance Scale, Allison Brown May 2010

An Examination Of The Construct Validity Of The Hong Psychological Reactance Scale, Allison Brown

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the construct validity of a measure of trait reactance: the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale (HPRS). Investigating the functioning of this measure was particularly important, as the conclusions drawn from studies relating reactance to affect, attitudes, and behavior hinge on the legitimacy and quality of the HPRS. Using two samples of undergraduates, the current study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factor structure of the HPRS and relate it to conformity, the Big Five personality traits, and entitlement. Results supported modeling the HPRS via a modified incomplete bifactor model. As …

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The Impact Of D-Amphetamine On Resistance To Extinction (Rte) In A Single Schedule Preparation, Stephen Howard Robertson May 2010

The Impact Of D-Amphetamine On Resistance To Extinction (Rte) In A Single Schedule Preparation, Stephen Howard Robertson

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Some researchers have suggested that the discrepancy in findings between studies of resistance-to-extinction that use single-schedules and those that use multiple-schedules is the result of increased discriminability between training and extinction conditions in the single-schedule preparation, masking the true relation between reinforcer density and resistance to extinction. Because d-amphetamine has been shown to interfere with stimulus control in a number of preparations, the current study examined the effects of d-amphetamine on rats’ lever-pressing in the context of a single-schedule resistance-to-extinction preparation. During training, doses of d-amphetamine or vehicle were administered 15 min prior to sessions in which the delivery of …

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Using An Adjusting Amount Procedure To Investigate Impulsivity In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr), Phillip Andrew Halsey May 2010

Using An Adjusting Amount Procedure To Investigate Impulsivity In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr), Phillip Andrew Halsey

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

This experiment compared impulsivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a putative animal model of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with two control strains. One definition of impulsive behavior that appears in the literature is preference for smaller sooner (SS) reinforcers over larger later (LL) reinforcers when both are concurrently available in the context of discrete trial choice procedures. Adopting that definition, the current experiment used an adjusting amount procedure to measure changes in the subjective value of delayed reinforcers. The LL reinforcers varied across 5 conditions (5 pellets, each evaluated at 5 delays: 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32-s). From the …

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Interteaching And The Testing Effect: How Quizzes Alter The Efficacy Of Interteaching, Tonya Lambert May 2010

Interteaching And The Testing Effect: How Quizzes Alter The Efficacy Of Interteaching, Tonya Lambert

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

In recent years, educational systems have come under great scrutiny. In response to this scrutiny, researchers have developed numerous behavior-analytic teaching methods, the most recent being interteaching. In a growing number of studies, interteaching has proven to be more effective than traditional methods of instruction, but little research has examined ways to make interteaching even more effective. Research on the testing effect suggests that frequent testing may improve student-learning outcomes. Thus, including post-discussion quizzes as a part of interteaching might be one way to make it more effective. In the present study, participants completed interteaching in a simulated classroom setting. …

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Predicting Police Aggression: Using Theory To Inform Police Selection Assessment, James Robert Koepfler May 2010

Predicting Police Aggression: Using Theory To Inform Police Selection Assessment, James Robert Koepfler

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

Although incidents of excessive force by police are very rare, they have a significant impact. Instances of excessive force can lead to expensive law suits, wasted resources spent on training and equipping officers, as well as a breakdown of trust between citizens and police departments. Psychologists can help to reduce inappropriate aggressive behavior through careful screening of police officer candidates. Most research has focused on the efficacy of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in predicting police performance; however, results have been inconclusive regarding its ability to predict police aggression. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the …

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Examining The Role Of Cognitive Ability And Individual Thinking Dispositions In Moral Judgment, Kimberly R. Marsh May 2010

Examining The Role Of Cognitive Ability And Individual Thinking Dispositions In Moral Judgment, Kimberly R. Marsh

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

The current study examined the relation between individual cognitive ability (SAT total score), thinking dispositions (Stanovich’s (2008) Master Rationality Motive, Cacioppo et al.’s (1984) Need for Cognition, Stanovich & West’s (1997) Actively Open-minded Thinking scales), and moral judgment. The relation between these individual differences and moral judgment was examined across multiple contexts. First, the expression of myside bias was examined within a medical ethics scenario in which a limited number of organs must be allocated between two groups of people with differential transplant survival rates. Second, the role of individual differences was examined in moral reasoning across differential presentation of …

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An Overview Of Jewish Beliefs And Traditions For Counselors, Emily Fairchild May 2010

An Overview Of Jewish Beliefs And Traditions For Counselors, Emily Fairchild

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

An Overview of Jewish Beliefs and Traditions for Counselors by Emily Fairchild.

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Separated By Distance, But Never By Heart: A Guide For Elementary And Middle School Counselors Working With Military Children, Mica Ball May 2010

Separated By Distance, But Never By Heart: A Guide For Elementary And Middle School Counselors Working With Military Children, Mica Ball

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Recent years have brought about an increase in the number of families who experience the deployment of a loved one. While deployment is a difficult experience for each member of the family, children are particularly vulnerable during these separations. Researchers have identified specific phases of the deployment cycle as well as potential child reactions during each stage. Within the school setting, school counselors are in an ideal position to provide support for children who are experiencing the deployment of a loved one. This project provides an overview of the literature pertaining to the challenges children and families experience when faced …

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Signified Honkey: Stories In The Key Of White, William Ryan Blosser May 2010

Signified Honkey: Stories In The Key Of White, William Ryan Blosser

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

The following project feels like a risk. From the opening line of my paper to the final section, the reader will notice that I have chosen to stray from the traditional counseling research project and instead opted for an approach both personal and interdisciplinary as a means of exploring the topic of White privilege. My approach can best be summed up as auto ethnographic and in using this approach have tried to discover and remain true to my own voice throughout the narrative. The reader may find this voice to be sharp at times, including profanity and a degree of …

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Counseling International Students: Presenting Concerns And Implications For The College Mental Health Professional, Anna Khizanishvili May 2010

Counseling International Students: Presenting Concerns And Implications For The College Mental Health Professional, Anna Khizanishvili

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

This research project details the presenting concerns of international students studying in American colleges and universities such as: lack of social support, acculturation, anxiety, depression, academic struggles, financial concerns, and language barriers. Despite the numerous significant stressors that they experience while studying in the United States, international students are less likely than American students to use counseling services on U.S. college campuses. A case study of an international student, Deepa, is presented and details her struggles with studying in the United States. Implications and recommendations for mental health professionals working with international college students are presented.

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I Pledge Allegiance To The Southern Cross? The Importance Of Multicultural Education In Today’S Schools, Jennifer Kurbel May 2010

I Pledge Allegiance To The Southern Cross? The Importance Of Multicultural Education In Today’S Schools, Jennifer Kurbel

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

As schools nation-wide continue to become increasingly diverse, the need for multicultural education curricula is becoming an absolute necessity. Within the school setting, counselors, teachers, administrators and other personnel are in an ideal position to serve as positive role models and to help shape the students into citizens who respect and value the diversity of their society. This project provides a firsthand look into a controversial event at a high school that could have possibly been prevented with a more proactive approach to diversity and multicultural education. The report also provides potentially useful and helpful suggestions, considerations and resources for …

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Working With Depression In Lesbians, Caroline Colvin May 2010

Working With Depression In Lesbians, Caroline Colvin

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Competency in multicultural counseling is one of the challenges counselors face. Women are twice as likely as males to be diagnosed with depression, and some of these women are lesbians. Vulnerability factors for the development of depression in lesbians include internalized homophobia, disclosure issues, minority stress, family rejection, and lack of a sense of belonging. Effective counseling for depression in lesbians combines multicultural competency and awareness of the stages of identity development, along with exploration of both the lesbian’s level of disclosure and her degree of internalized homophobia.

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Creativity In Counseling: Breathe Life Into Your Work An Experiential Workshop For The Novice Counselor, Tina Marie Johnston May 2010

Creativity In Counseling: Breathe Life Into Your Work An Experiential Workshop For The Novice Counselor, Tina Marie Johnston

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Designed for use by novice counselors and other clinicians who would like to reawaken their creativity, this guide describes the need for creativity in counseling and presents the theories describing the creative process. It also includes a practical workshop with experiential exercises to reawaken creativity in the counselor and a pull out section with expressive arts activities that can be used in the counseling session.

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Resources Available For Latino Parents In Selected Districts Of The Seattle, Washington Area, Morgan Beale May 2010

Resources Available For Latino Parents In Selected Districts Of The Seattle, Washington Area, Morgan Beale

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Research has established that diversity in student populations within U.S schools is increasing at a rapid rate. With Latino students constituting the fastest growing minority population, it becomes more important to establish a positive home-school connection with parents. In addition, while some progress has been made in closing the achievement gap between Caucasian and minority students, this gap continues to show minority students achieving at a rate much lower than Caucasian students. The current study examined what resources school districts offer for parents from ethnic and racially diverse backgrounds, specifically addressing Latino parents. Four districts were picked out of a …

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Teacher Stress: An Assessment Of Teachers' Need For And Receptiveness Towards A Stress Reduction Program Within One Rural School System, Tyler Christine Rosenberg May 2010

Teacher Stress: An Assessment Of Teachers' Need For And Receptiveness Towards A Stress Reduction Program Within One Rural School System, Tyler Christine Rosenberg

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

There is a concern for the level of stress teachers experience in their jobs. The effects of stress are not only harmful for the individual teacher, but for the teacher’s students and the learning environment as well (Travers & Cooper, 1996). Stress among teachers is related to absenteeism, turnover, and early retirement, which negatively affect the climate of the school and lead to poor student outcomes, both academically and behaviorally. The nature and severity of these concerns highlight the need for programs designed to reduce stress among teachers. A critical first step in partaking in program development efforts is to …

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Best Practices For The Treatment And Management Of Schizophrenia, Kimberly Ann Davis May 2010

Best Practices For The Treatment And Management Of Schizophrenia, Kimberly Ann Davis

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Masters-level counseling psychology programs strive to build a solid foundation of core competencies in students but do not typically emphasize treatment strategies for the chronically mentally ill or psychopharmacology. This paper is intended as a resource for counselors who serve clients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It discusses some of the most widely-supported evidence-based individual and family psychosocial interventions

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Secondary Success Predicting Variables Within An Underrepresented Student Population: A Program Needs Assessment, Kara Lynn Dragan May 2010

Secondary Success Predicting Variables Within An Underrepresented Student Population: A Program Needs Assessment, Kara Lynn Dragan

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

The success and retention of low socioeconomic status or minority college students is a continued goal of higher education institutions. James Madison University is no exception. The Diversity Mission at JMU attempts to address both student recruitment and retention. A program titled the Centennial Scholars Program was implemented to address these concerns. This program was developed to increase the number of underrepresented students who enroll and graduate from the university. The current research intended to use the information gained through a quantitative measure to obtain a picture of where the Centennial Scholars were when entering the program as a group …

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Stick It To Counseling: The Incorporation Of Acupuncture In Counseling, Andrew David Felton May 2010

Stick It To Counseling: The Incorporation Of Acupuncture In Counseling, Andrew David Felton

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Acupuncture is one of the oldest documented medical practices, it has really only made its way into Western medical practices within the last 32 years. Since acupuncture’s acceptance into Western medicine, there has been limited incorporation of acupuncture as an adjunct to counseling and it is still not widely used as a proper way of working with clients. This article explores the potential for a holistic approach to counseling by using acupuncture as a complementary tool to counseling. The article begins by examining the similarities and differences between Chinese medicine and Western practices. In addition, exploration of the benefits, risks, …

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College Students’ Perceptions About Seeking Help For Their Learning Disabilities At A Competitive University, Kristen L. Burley May 2010

College Students’ Perceptions About Seeking Help For Their Learning Disabilities At A Competitive University, Kristen L. Burley

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

With nearly 98% of public institutions reporting enrollment of students with a disability, requests for services, supports, and accommodations is increasing (Gordon et al., 2002; National Council on Disabilities, 2003). However, certain barriers and/or perceptions get in the way of students’ mobility in seeking and acquiring necessary accommodations. While disability services and accommodations are available, it appears that many students do not take advantage of them in a timely manner. While it is not required for a student to disclose information about a learning disability, the student will not be able to acquire any accommodations. Students should be prepared and …

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An Overview And Introduction: Neuroscience For Counselors, Kirk Damond Saunders May 2010

An Overview And Introduction: Neuroscience For Counselors, Kirk Damond Saunders

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

This project is literary review of current neuroscience research that can document the impact of counseling. Neuroscience is providing support for the counseling process. The research findings of neural plasticity offer promising support for the therapeutic process. While counseling offers a new environment in which a person can re-learn, neural plasticity proves that at the neural network level these possibilities are now a reality. Counseling does, in fact, help change the brain.

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Applying The Cultural-Linguistic Interpretive Matrix To Neuropsychological Assessment, Karol J. Mendoza May 2010

Applying The Cultural-Linguistic Interpretive Matrix To Neuropsychological Assessment, Karol J. Mendoza

Educational Specialist, 2009-2019

Psychologists are administering assessments to culturally and linguistically diverse individuals with limited information regarding validity and are left with many scores to subjectively interpret. This study looked at developing a guideline when administering seven frequently administered neuropsychological assessments based on the Cultural-Linguistic Interpretive Matrix. Practitioners were asked to rate the cultural loading and linguistic demand and provide rationale for the placement. Results indicated that the Judgment of Line Orientation, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Trail Making Test (Part A), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test have low cultural loading and linguistic demand. The Trail Making Test (Part B) was rated as Moderate …

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