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2010

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Articles 10471 - 10500 of 12751

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Life Transitions, Social Support And Psychological Well-Being Among The Elderly In Taiwan : A Longitudinal Study, Shiau-Fang Chao Jan 2010

Life Transitions, Social Support And Psychological Well-Being Among The Elderly In Taiwan : A Longitudinal Study, Shiau-Fang Chao

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study examines the relationships between life transitions, social support and psychological well-being. A decline in health and financial strain were selected as two types of chronic stressors and loss of a spouse as an acute stressor. This study integrates previous literature and develops a unique predictive model involving seven components of social support -- social network size, social network composition, frequency of social contact, satisfaction with social support, types of support, helping others, and proximity of support. Depression and life satisfaction were the two measures of psychological well-being. 3,585 elders who were interviewed up to five times over a …

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Multinational Firm Strategy And The Nationalization Of Copper In Chile And Zambia : The Experience Of Five Companies, Christopher Sarver Jan 2010

Multinational Firm Strategy And The Nationalization Of Copper In Chile And Zambia : The Experience Of Five Companies, Christopher Sarver

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation critically examines how multinational copper firms formed strategies to bargain with nationalizing host governments.

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Brief Motivational Interviewing : An Intervention For Alcohol Abusing College Students, Kelly Jane Horner Jan 2010

Brief Motivational Interviewing : An Intervention For Alcohol Abusing College Students, Kelly Jane Horner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Efforts to curtail alcohol abuse in college with traditional alcohol education programs have been unsuccessful as heavy drinking on college campuses has remained remarkably constant. Brief Motivational Interventions (BMIs) have recently emerged as a viable alternative that facilitates behavior change in students who engage in heavy drinking. The present study recruited college students who violated campus drinking policies and were referred to the University's judicial system. The efficacy of an individualized BMI intervention was compared to that of a group oriented educational intervention and a control condition consisting of a sanction. Possible interaction effects between specific individual characteristics and the …

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Children's Weekend Activities In Four Countries : Context For Personal And Social Development, Asil Ozdogru Jan 2010

Children's Weekend Activities In Four Countries : Context For Personal And Social Development, Asil Ozdogru

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Out-of-school time constitutes a major context of social and emotional development for children across cultures. Because it is not constrained by school attendance, weekend time allows cultural and gender differences in time usage to emerge. In this study, children's weekend activities, choice, and some of the related emotional outcomes were examined for fourth-grade students in four countries. A total of 1,265 children of families from middle socioeconomic status in Bulgaria, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States completed an activity survey asking them to state their typical activity for each of 12 hours on Saturday, their enjoyment of the activity, and …

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The Utility Of The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System In Testing Quality Of Life Theory : An Evaluation Using Structural Equation Modeling, Evelyn Marie Kintner Jan 2010

The Utility Of The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System In Testing Quality Of Life Theory : An Evaluation Using Structural Equation Modeling, Evelyn Marie Kintner

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study is a secondary data analysis that uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the utility of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)--the Centers for Disease Control's premier surveillance tool for monitoring behavioral risk factors--in predicting health related quality of life (HRQoL). Employing the statistical package SPSS/AMOS (version 7), the study utilizes New York State data extracted from the 2007 BRFSS national dataset to assess how well the observed pattern of variances and covariances of the state level data fit with a well-known HRQoL model developed by Wilson and Cleary (1995). Interaction effects are examined, utilizing a multigroup …

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Enhancing Literacy Among Rural, Work-Oriented Youth : A Cultural Analysis, Marta Kliger Albert Jan 2010

Enhancing Literacy Among Rural, Work-Oriented Youth : A Cultural Analysis, Marta Kliger Albert

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation focuses on educational reform in New York State in relation to two policies that I term "dual reform." The 1996 Regents graduation policy required all students to participate in the college-prep curriculum and attain a Regents diploma, while the 2001 Career and Technical Education (CTE) policy promoted integrative approaches to teach academic topics within CTE. The central study questions were: How has literacy reform been constituted in relation to CTE within two rural communities? How does CTE enable and constrain youth literacy learning and development?

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Prospective Effects Of Temperamental Reactivity, Emotion Dysregulation, And Stress On Risk For Anxiety And Depression In Elementary School-Age Children, Jeremy Kyle Fox Jan 2010

Prospective Effects Of Temperamental Reactivity, Emotion Dysregulation, And Stress On Risk For Anxiety And Depression In Elementary School-Age Children, Jeremy Kyle Fox

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Temperamental reactivity and emotion dysregulation are both considered important vulnerability factors in the development of childhood anxiety and depression. Little is known, however, about how these emotional processes work together to shape developmental pathways to internalizing difficulties.

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Resolving Incomparability, David Pinkowski Jan 2010

Resolving Incomparability, David Pinkowski

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

When confronted with an important choice between two very different options, an agent often will be at a loss as to how to decide between them. This is often true even if the agent has a good understanding of the pros and cons of each option, and even if she is committed to something like "the best overall decision for me." One way to analyze this situation is to assert that the options are incomparable for the agent. Incomparability arises when, for two options, it seems that one is neither better nor worse than, nor equal to, the other. If …

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The Myth Of Fragmentation : Assessing Political Information Online, Alexis Marie Wichowski Jan 2010

The Myth Of Fragmentation : Assessing Political Information Online, Alexis Marie Wichowski

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Internet technology has provided people with unprecedented abilities to filter the information they encounter, leading many scholars to fear that people will be exposed to less diversity of perspectives and fragment into homogeneous interest groups. Exposure to a wide range of topics and perspectives about political information in particular is considered necessary by many scholars in order for citizens to be informed participants in democratic life. However, fears that the Internet leads to fragmentation rest on three assumptions: 1. online, opportunities for unintended encounters with a diversity of information are limited, 2. people primarily pursue narrow interests when consuming online …

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A Comparative Study Of Chinese And Mexican Immigrants' Economic Incorporation In The United States, Miao Chunyu Jan 2010

A Comparative Study Of Chinese And Mexican Immigrants' Economic Incorporation In The United States, Miao Chunyu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation research is a comparative study of the economic incorporation of the unskilled Chinese and Mexican immigrants in the United States. This comparative approach is justified by the fact that these two groups share striking similarities in human capital, social networks, and immigrant flow patterns, whereas they also differ significantly in their migration cost, transnational practice, and reception in the U.S. labor market. This research investigates three specific aspects of their labor market experience: participation in self-employment, job transition, and earnings growth. Essentially I hope to find out whether these immigrants can achieve economic mobility over time and in …

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More Than A Gender Issue : Integrating Race Into The Analysis Of Work-Family Balance Among Dual-Earner Couples, Jeanine Hanna Jan 2010

More Than A Gender Issue : Integrating Race Into The Analysis Of Work-Family Balance Among Dual-Earner Couples, Jeanine Hanna

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

With more white women entering the workforce now than in previous decades, finding a balance between competing work and family demands is an increasingly salient issue for families. Slowly the dual-earner model has been replacing the breadwinner/homemaker model. Some groups, black women in particular, have more experience navigating the choppy waters of work and family. Black middle-class women's entrance into the labor force in the late nineteenth century was not based on economic necessity, but the more liberal gender ideologies they espoused which viewed motherhood and employment as compatible. Differences in black and white employment patterns, the more equitable sharing …

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El Coyote Made A Detour : An Analysis Of The Socioeconomic Incorporation Processes Of Hispanic Immigrants In New Destinations ; A Case Study Of Newburgh And Poughkeepsie, Ny, Jacqueline Villarrubia-Mendoza Jan 2010

El Coyote Made A Detour : An Analysis Of The Socioeconomic Incorporation Processes Of Hispanic Immigrants In New Destinations ; A Case Study Of Newburgh And Poughkeepsie, Ny, Jacqueline Villarrubia-Mendoza

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Beginning in the 1980's, Hispanic immigrants began to settle in regions that had, up till then, been largely undisturbed by present-day immigration. Increasingly, Hispanic immigrants are foregoing traditional gateways and settling in cities and states that have had little recent experience with post-1965 immigration. The emergence of these new destinations provides an opportunity to analyze processes of immigrant incorporation and assess in which ways these processes differ or are similar to those in traditional gateways. In this dissertation I examine the initial stages of the processes of incorporation for the Hispanic immigrant population in the cities of Newburgh and Poughkeepsie, …

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Time To Learn Mathematics In Public And Private Schools : Understanding Differences In Aspects Of The Implemented Curriculim In The Dominican Republic, Renzo Roncagliolo Jones Jan 2010

Time To Learn Mathematics In Public And Private Schools : Understanding Differences In Aspects Of The Implemented Curriculim In The Dominican Republic, Renzo Roncagliolo Jones

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

How do educational opportunities influence students' academic achievement in the Dominican Republic? How do students grow, in knowledge and skills, as a result of their passage through the elementary grades? This study aims to explore and understand the differences between the implemented curriculum in public and private schools in 4th, 5th, and 6th grades, specifically with respect to the instructional time allocated by teachers in Mathematics Activities and Mathematics Contents.

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Psychosocial Factors Contributing To Medication Non-Adherence, Health-Related Quality Of Life, And Disease Activity In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Alejandra Halperin Faust Jan 2010

Psychosocial Factors Contributing To Medication Non-Adherence, Health-Related Quality Of Life, And Disease Activity In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Alejandra Halperin Faust

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic and are characterized by periodic exacerbations followed by symptom-free intervals. Symptoms can have a detrimental impact on quality of life. Medication non-adherence in adults with IBD has been well-documented in the literature; continuous medication use is necessary to prevent flares of the disease. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was three-fold: (1) to examine associations between medication non-adherence, disease activity, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), (2) to examine if group differences were present for patients who were high versus low in anxiety or depression in terms of their medication non-adherence, …

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Fair Treatment, Job Involvement, And Turnover Intention Of Professional Employees In Government : The Importance Of Organizational Identification As A Mediator, Shahidul Hassan Jan 2010

Fair Treatment, Job Involvement, And Turnover Intention Of Professional Employees In Government : The Importance Of Organizational Identification As A Mediator, Shahidul Hassan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although organizational justice is a critical issue for effectively managing employees in government agencies, it has been neglected in previous public management research. Further, the limited amount of research that has examined the consequences of organizational justice in government agencies did not clarify the underlying psychological process through which perceptions of organizational justice may influence public sector employees' work attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, previous research did not examine any indirect effect that employees' perceptions of organizational justice may have on their attitudes and behaviors in government agencies. To fill this gap, this dissertation examined the role of organizational identification as …

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The Static-99 And Additional Research-Based Risk Factors : A Statistical Theory To Improve Sex Offender Risk Assessment, Jeffrey C. Sandler Jan 2010

The Static-99 And Additional Research-Based Risk Factors : A Statistical Theory To Improve Sex Offender Risk Assessment, Jeffrey C. Sandler

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Research has indicated that adjusting Static-99 risk assessments for sexual recidivism using unguided clinical opinion reduces the accuracy of the risk assessments. While progress has been made in the last decade toward identifying which variables (both internal and external to the Static-99) are associated with the likelihood of an offender sexually recidivating, very little guidance has been given on how to consider the variables external to the Static-99 within the context of a Static-99 risk assessment. The current study proposes a statistical theory for how to incorporate certain variables into such an assessment, and provides some preliminary analyses to support …

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Radical Localism In The Network Society, Edward Russell Cole Jan 2010

Radical Localism In The Network Society, Edward Russell Cole

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This is an ethnographic study conducted upon third-party sociopolitical movements in American society. The research included participant observation in a Midwestern State Green Party, in addition to the Populist Party of America: a micro-party based in Los Angeles.

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The Role Of Organizational Commitment In Practitioner Implementation Of Evidence-Based Practices In Substance Abuse Treatment Settings, Irene Teresa Manfredo Jan 2010

The Role Of Organizational Commitment In Practitioner Implementation Of Evidence-Based Practices In Substance Abuse Treatment Settings, Irene Teresa Manfredo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Organizational commitment (OC) has been linked to different types of work-related behaviors including innovation implementation and professional behavior change but the influence of OC on technology transfer or research to practice processes is as yet unknown. Using a social exchange perspective, the study employed constructs derived from Klein & Sorra (1996) - perceived implementation climate and practitioner innovation-values fit - to understand the association between practitioner level OC and evidence-based practice implementation (EBP) in substance abuse treatment settings. Method: A secondary data analysis was conducted utilizing a 2008 cross-sectional survey of outpatient substance abuse practitioners in eastern New York State …

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The Impact Of Counselor Recovery Status, Disclosure, Education, And Experience On The Working Alliance In The Treatment Of Substance Use Disorders, Brian D. Roland Jan 2010

The Impact Of Counselor Recovery Status, Disclosure, Education, And Experience On The Working Alliance In The Treatment Of Substance Use Disorders, Brian D. Roland

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although evidence shows that between 30 and 75 percent of alcohol and other drug (AOD) counselors are themselves in recovery from a substance use disorder, dated research comparing the effectiveness of recovering and non-recovering counselors failed to control for education, experience, and use of disclosure. Given that the strength of the working alliance between client and counselor is highly predictive of outcome and utilizing interpersonal influence theory as an organizing framework, a path model was hypothesized which posited (a) counselor recovery status and its disclosure impact counselor attractiveness which, in turn, impacts working alliance; (b) counselor education impacts counselor expertness …

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Word Concreteness And Word Frequency As Moderators Of The Tip-Of-The-Tongue Effect, Jennifer Lynn Gianico Jan 2010

Word Concreteness And Word Frequency As Moderators Of The Tip-Of-The-Tongue Effect, Jennifer Lynn Gianico

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experience is a universal experience in which a speaker cannot fully produce a word that he or she believes will eventually be recalled and could easily be recognized. The purpose of the current set of experiments is to determine how different variables affect the rate of TOTs. Specifically, a series of three experiments investigates the roles of word concreteness and word frequency on TOT rates. A new finding, the concreteness effect on TOT rates, emerged and was replicated across all three experiments. This never-before investigated concreteness effect is discussed in terms of a general two-stage model of …

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Welfare Recipients' Perspectives On Employment In Beijing's Welfare Employment Program, Lei Wu Jan 2010

Welfare Recipients' Perspectives On Employment In Beijing's Welfare Employment Program, Lei Wu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Since the 1990s, urban unemployment has become a serious social problem in China. Research shows that the real urban unemployment reached 16 million in 1999 and nine percent of the total urban population was affected by unemployment. In response to the social problem of unemployment, the Chinese government established a special welfare employment program targeted toward the elderly, needy, and hard-to-employment group to serve the public welfare in the communities.

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Prosecutorial Decision Making In The Face Of Changing Norms : An Exploratory Study Of Animal Cruelty Prosecution In New York, Andrea Lynne Kordzek Jan 2010

Prosecutorial Decision Making In The Face Of Changing Norms : An Exploratory Study Of Animal Cruelty Prosecution In New York, Andrea Lynne Kordzek

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Societal norms regarding the treatment of animals are evolving. This is reflected in part in nationwide changes in criminal justice policy regarding animal welfare. These changes, however, are not likely embraced by all nor do they necessarily result in changes in the practices of decision-makers in the criminal courts. Prosecutorial decision-making in animal cruelty cases may be especially varied due to evolving norms regarding the treatment of animals and conflicting views on the seriousness of the offense, along with the classification of animal cruelty as a relatively low level offense. Research to date has failed to examine how these cases …

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An Examination Of Predictors Of Relational And Physical Aggression Among African American Early Adolescent Girls : The Role Of Father Involvement, Temperament, And Self-Regulation, Nakia Maureen Hamlett Jan 2010

An Examination Of Predictors Of Relational And Physical Aggression Among African American Early Adolescent Girls : The Role Of Father Involvement, Temperament, And Self-Regulation, Nakia Maureen Hamlett

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Decision-Making Processes Among Siblings Caring For Adults With Intellectual Or Developmental Disabilities, Anna L. Zendell Jan 2010

Decision-Making Processes Among Siblings Caring For Adults With Intellectual Or Developmental Disabilities, Anna L. Zendell

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Sibling caregivers comprise a population of increasing significance to intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD) policy and practice. As persons with I/DD and their caregiving parents age, more families are relying on adult siblings to provide care. Today, 70% of persons with I/DD live with family members; estimates indicate that up to 20% may reside with siblings. Sibling caregiving has potential to meet some of the growing social need for later life care of individuals with I/DD. However, the needs of siblings providing care are often not addressed by the service system. Inadequate knowledge about how siblings come to be caregivers and their …

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The Future Of The Profession Of Nursing And The Doctorate Of Nursing Practice : Challenges And Opportunities For Advanced Practice Nurses In Academia, Health Care Advocacy And Independent Practice, Arlene M. Pericak Jan 2010

The Future Of The Profession Of Nursing And The Doctorate Of Nursing Practice : Challenges And Opportunities For Advanced Practice Nurses In Academia, Health Care Advocacy And Independent Practice, Arlene M. Pericak

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

your words

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Consumer Responses In Sales To Multiple Media Advertising Exposures : The Impact Of Synergy Based On A Study Of Project Apollo Single Source Data, Leslie Wood Jan 2010

Consumer Responses In Sales To Multiple Media Advertising Exposures : The Impact Of Synergy Based On A Study Of Project Apollo Single Source Data, Leslie Wood

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The primary focus of this dissertation is to answer the question: how does exposure to advertising affect purchasing behavior, and in particular, how does synergy resulting from exposure to advertising in multiple media influence purchasing behavior? This is a critical piece of information in the business decision process of media planning. It determines which media to include in a media plan and how to allocate a limited budget across media in order to optimize the return on investment from advertising. This question has been studied in many ways since it has been a central question for the advertising industry for …

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Between-Object Superiority And The Effects Of Preview On Object-Based Attention In Occluded Objects, Yongna Li Jan 2010

Between-Object Superiority And The Effects Of Preview On Object-Based Attention In Occluded Objects, Yongna Li

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Object-based attention accounts assume that visual attention selects one object at a time and more efficiently processes properties belonging to the attended object relative to properties belonging to different objects. Within-object superiority (faster RTs and fewer errors for targets on the same object than for targets on different objects) supports object-based attention accounts. However, a contrasting effect, between-object superiority, has also been found. The present nine experiments were designed to distinguish between within-object and between-object superiority effects in objects with occlusion. The present results showed that between-object superiority can be obtained for occluded objects and that this effect is influenced …

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Toward A Theory-Based Natural Language Capability In Robots And Other Embodied Agents : Evaluating Hausser's Slim Theory And Database Semantics, Robin Kowalchuk Burk Jan 2010

Toward A Theory-Based Natural Language Capability In Robots And Other Embodied Agents : Evaluating Hausser's Slim Theory And Database Semantics, Robin Kowalchuk Burk

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Computational natural language understanding and generation have been a goal of artificial intelligence since McCarthy, Minsky, Rochester and Shannon first proposed to spend the summer of 1956 studying this and related problems. Although statistical approaches dominate current natural language applications, two current research trends bring renewed focus on this goal. The nascent field of artificial general intelligence (AGI) seeks to evolve intelligent agents whose multi-subagent architectures are motivated by neuroscience insights into the modular functional structure of the brain and by cognitive science insights into human learning processes. Rapid advances in cognitive robotics also entail multi-agent software architectures that attempt …

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The Use Of Messages In Altering Risky Gambling Behavior In Experienced Gamblers, Bianca Jardin Jan 2010

The Use Of Messages In Altering Risky Gambling Behavior In Experienced Gamblers, Bianca Jardin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The present study examined a fundamental assumption of a cognitive model of gambling: that gambling-related irrational beliefs are directly associated with risky gambling behavior. A total of 80 high-frequency gamblers played a chance-based computer game with play money. While playing this game, a pop-up screen repeatedly displayed one of four types of messages (accurate, inaccurate, neutral or none). Consistent with a cognitive model of gambling, accurate messages decreased risky gambling behavior compared to the other three message conditions. Contrary to predictions, however, inaccurate messages did not lead to more risky gambling behavior, nor was the hypothesis that participants in the …

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Effective Community-Based Chemical Dependency Treatment For Adolescents : Matching Program Services With Individual Difference Variables, Joseph S. Hunter Jan 2010

Effective Community-Based Chemical Dependency Treatment For Adolescents : Matching Program Services With Individual Difference Variables, Joseph S. Hunter

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In recognition of differences in presenting needs and treatment responses of various subgroups of the adolescent substance abusing population, this study breaks ground from the traditional concept of utilizing a "one size fits all" evidence-based practice for treating adolescents by revealing the importance of tailoring treatments to adolescent subgroups. The subgroups studied were defined by age, gender, race, and special needs including, co-occurring mental illness, juvenile justice history, parental addiction, and those of higher severity of substance abuse. The interventions studied included group treatment, family treatment, case management, multi-service programming, vocational treatment and behavioral approaches. A quasi-experimental design was utilized …

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