Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Noninformative Conditioned Reinforcers In Observing Response Training, Arnold Wellman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The goal of this research was to ascertain if information per se is a necessary condition to establish a conditioned reinforcer. Five pigeons were given observing response training in a two key Skinner box using free choice and forced trials procedures and a chain VI FI reinforcement schedule. The percentage of free choice noninformative trials was the observing response measure. A time correction procedure equated actual and programmed reinforcement frequencies in informative trials and noninformative trials if a difference occurred. For one bird a discrimination reversal of the informative and noninformative stimulus presentations occurred in the last five sessions.

All …

Verbal Memory Of Preschool Indian And Non/Indian Headstart Children, Karen L. Swenson Carter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses l) there is a significant difference between scores of Head Start children on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in Utah and the norms of the Verbal Memory Test from the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities; 2) there will not be an association between being Indian or non-Indian; 3 ) there will be an association between teaching styles and the children's performance on the language test. The T test was used to analyze all of the data. The experimental sample scored lower, but not significantly lower than the standardized norms. …

Ego-Identity Formation And Value Orientations In College Students And Working Youth, Gordon Bruce Munro

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An extension of James Marcia's research was undertaken to examine the ego identity development of college and working youth. A number of comparisons were made between college and noncollege working youth, males and females ranging in ages from 18-21. A value orientation instrument (measuring instrumental and expressive attitudes) constructed for this study, Marcia's (1964) Ego-Identity Incomplete Sentence Blank (EI-ISB) and Identity Status Interview, LaVoie's (1975) Child Rearing Instrument, Schwartz's (1 971) Future Orientation and Independence from Family Authority Scalograms were used in assessing these comparisons.

The results revealed significantly more identity diffusion individuals in college and significantly more identity achievement …

Communication And Job Satisfaction Attitudes Within The Utah Division Of Parks And Recreation, Brian J. Vachowski

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Communication patterns and job satisfaction are important components in understanding organizational behavior. Further, research evidence indicates relationships among communication, job satisfaction, and organization effectiveness.

After attitude indices were devised from questionnaire items administered to Utah Division of Parks and Recreation personnel, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the degree of relationship between attitudes toward communication and each of the following attitude indices for field operations employees: (1) degree of responsibility and participation in decision making; (2) career opportunities, security and training and (3) a combined index of the preceding two indices. Moderate but statistically significant correlations were found.

Analysis …

The Effect Of A Nutrition Program On Knowledge Of Nutrition And Nutrition Attitudes And Practices Of Fifth Grade Students In Granite School District, Nancy Brubaker Sorensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a six week nutrition program in terms of its effect on nutrition knowledge and its effect on food practices and attitudes. A survey of the dietary food intake was also made. Fifth grade students in Granite School District, Salt Lake City, Utah, were the participants. A pretest and a postest were used to determine the effect of the program. The tests showed that cognitive knowledge increased in many areas, attitudes became more positive and there was little improvement in dietary intake. Dietary intake was low in fruits, vegetables and milk but adequate …

Availability And Perceived Adequacy Of Health Services In Utah, Cheryl L. Thayer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It is the general consensus that continuous and comprehensive health care of good quality should be available to all, under conditions that are convenient, comfortable, and not detrimental to the dignity or self-respect of the individual.

This study concerns the adequacy of health services as perceived by persons living in rural, urban, and urbanizing-rural areas of Utah. It is also a study (1) to determine the degree to which various demographics found to be related to differential medical needs in metropolitan areas is related to perception of health services, and (2) to assess the congruence between empirical and perceived availability …

The Impact Of The Prototype Oil Shale Development On Agricultural And Municipal Water Supplies In The Uintah Basin, Roger Orson Tew

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In this paper the institutional factors affecting water distribution in the Upper Colorado River Basin in general and the Uintah Basin are presented. The historical development of the appropriation doctrine of water allocation is outlined and Utah water policy is examined. These institutional factors are analyzed in light of the prototype oil shale development in the Uintah Basin and potential impact on the area's agricultural sector. Oil shale water estimates are compared with Uintah Basin water availability and examined with regard to population projections and municipal water use. Lastly, Utah water policy and the appropriation doctrine are viewed as restraints …

The Utah Division Of Parks And Recreation And Intergovernmental Communications, Brande Faupell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A study of intergovernmental communications between the Utah State Division of Parks and Recreation and recreation-related agencies in the State of Utah was designed to explore the extent and nature of their role in decision-making within the Division. The purpose of the study was to determine what factors related to communication might help improve the effectiveness of Division operations.

A questionnaire aimed specifically at discovering what types of communication existed between the Utah Division of Parks and Recreation and sampled respondents was administered to private, municipal, county, and federal recreation personnel within Utah. The respondent's level of participation with the …

Religious Affiliation, Authoritarianism, And Dogmatism Of College Students, Heber M. Sharp

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of religious affiliation to the authoritarianism and open-closed mindedness of students at two institutions of higher learning, controlling for sex, reported church attendance, state in which the person reported residence as a child, and city size of reported childhood residency.

The sample for this study was selected from junior and senior students at Utah State University (n=1,409) and Weber State College (n=837). The subjects for whom data were analyzed indicated affiliation with the following religious groups: Agnostic, Baptist, Catholic, Christian, Episcopalian, Jewish, Lutheran, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, …

Defining Efficient Water Resource Management In The Weber Drainage Basin, Utah, Keith D. Wilde

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Weber Basin Water Conservancy District is a state institution, but its primary function is collecting money for the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, to pay for the Weber Basin Project. Different classes of water users pay markedly different fees for identical Project services. More than half of the water developed by the Project is not used consumptively, yet supply facilities continue to be built in the Basin because they are less expensive to their owners than prices charged for the underused capacity of the Project. Paradoxically, some Basin residents are bitterly resentful of both the District and the Bureau, claiming …

Electroacoustic Impedance Measurements: A Learning Packet, Michael J. Cevette

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to provide an instructional format in the presentation of the clinical application of electroacoustic impedance measurements. Journal articles and impedance procedural booklets were used as a source of data for the information contained in the learning packet. Fundamentals of acoustic theory were treated to show the conceptual relationship of acoustic impedance and acoustic admittance. The terminology, normative data, and clinical interpretation of static acoustic impedance measures were examined. Diagnostically significant variables of the tympanogram were related to the audiometric-medical status of the patient. Clinical application of the acoustic reflex was investigated through descriptions of …

The Impact Of Oil Shale Development On The Uintah School District, Dominica Onyesonam Alozie

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The aim of this study is to estimate the future school enrollment in the Uintah School District that results from oil shale development. Future need for classrooms and teachers is also projected, and costs to the school district for providing this need are estimated.

Yearly revenue from the oil shale plant and from new residential buildings due to the plant is also estimated. The annual costs and revenues are compared and it is observed that the costs exceed the revenue during the first five years. The deficit can be reduced, however, if stagger sessions are used to provide needed classrooms …

Snowmobiling In Utah: An Analysis Of Consumer Characteristics, Site Quality, And Carrying Capacity, Richard A. Haws

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A consumer characteristic profile of the snowmobile owners in Utah was compiled and compared to the general population in Utah and the United States. Other statistics were compiled which included user preferences of snowmobiling sites and machine characteristics.

Data were collected by a mail survey of snowmobilers during the 1974-75 snowmobiling season. Approximately 315 questionnaires were analyzed. Additional data were collected from the Utah Division of Parks and Recreation.

Total economic rent values were estimated for 58 sites in Utah. These values were then separated into location and quality values. This was done by reallocating trips to sites by means …

Families Without A Home: Child-Rearing Patterns In A Palestinian Refugee Camp, Hala Jamal Hammad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate child rearing in a Palestinian refugee camp and the values affecting these patterns . The areas investigated were: independence, dependency, aggression, methods of control, sex role training, mother-child interaction, maternal role, maternal expectations of the child in the present time and the future, and the role of the father as perceived by the mother.

An interview was undertaken in October, 1974 at the Al Hussein refugee camp in Amman, Jordan with forty Palestinian in-camp refugee mothers. Since the review of literature did not contain specific references in the psychology, or sociology of …

Recent Reforms In Campaign Finance Regulations And Their Potential Effect On Federal Elections And Reflections On Washington As A Congressional Intern, Randy D. Funk

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

In the spring of 1975, upon learning that I had been selected as a summer intern in Congressman Gunn McKay's office, I thought that such an experience might readily serve as the basis for my senior Honors project. I discussed this possibility with Dr. Douglas Alder, the Honors Program Director, and Dr. Wendell Anderson, the intern advisor. With their approval, I decided to write one paper on my impressions of Washington as an intern and then upon my return to school, research and write another paper on an issue related to Congress. This is the reason my thesis project is …

Description And Research Study Of Four Effective Teaching Methods, Gail Ryan

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

During my years in the public school system, I have felt that a basic deterrent to the child's personal and emotional growth has been the inability of educators to effectively communicate with children in the classroom. Gordon (1970, p. 298) states that teachers and other adults "lack the basic attitudes and skills to be effective training agents in an interpersonal relationship with a child or adolescent." Flanders (1971) feels that teachers, while behaviorally influencing children and determining the learning situation, actually have little knowledge about those methods of influence.

I am concerned with the need to train teachers to work …

The Recreational Use Of Irrigation Canals: Logan City Canals As A Case Study, William R. Gast Jr.

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Irrigation plays a major role in Utah and other arid regions of the West. Canals transporting water from lakes, rivers and reservoires have converted millions of acres of marginal land to rich productive sites and are the lifeblood of western agriculture. These canals are common ingredient in the landscape and life styles of most communities of the state. Cache valley, Utah is one example of an area which has flourished with the use of irrigation canals diverted from the Logan River.

The growth of urban populations and demand for outdoor activities has created need for more local parks and recreation. …

Facilitating Effective Communication Between Foreigners And Americans At Utah State University, Aruneeprabha Homsettee

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

As one of the foreign students in this country, I have had a lot of problems while studying here. For example , how should I express myself, how should I behave when going to an American party and participating in other traditional occasions such as Halloween, Christmas, Thanksgiving, etc. Also, how can I learn about Americans' activities and manners? Some of them I can solve by learning from others or by myself. Many Americans have trouble when communicating with foreigners. They try hard, but they often do not understand each other.

Information from both Americans and foreigners indicates that if …

An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Parent Training Programs In Changing Parent Behavior, Betty Payne Janiak

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effectiveness of two types of parent training were evaluated and compared with a control group that received training. A child Management Inventory was constructed for this purpose.

Parent Effectiveness Training was significantly superior to a training program developed by the Utah State Department of Education as measured by pre- and post-test criterion measure. There were no significant differences between the Utah State Department of Education group and the control group. This was determined by applying an analysis of covariance to the pre- and post-test data from all three groups. However, on a follow-up critical incidents test the Utah State …

Assessing The Impact Of The Mobile Assisted Career Exploration Unit 3 Years Later, Gary Lynn De Vries

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The specific objective of this research was to determine if the MACE (Mobile Assisted Career Exploration) Program has had an effect on the realistic occupational decision-making ability of students after a period of 3 years.

Subjects were 12th grade students at Dixie High School. The experimental group was composed of 40 students (15 males and 25 females) who had been involved in project MACE in the ninth grade. The control group was composed of 32 students (15 males and 17 females) who had moved into the boundaries of Dixie High School since the loth grade and who had, therefore, not …

A New Self Report Behavioral Measure For Evaluating Therapeutic Outcomes, Clyde D. Elliott

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Statement of the problem

Psychology is currently unable to demonstrate that psychotherapy is effective because it has no reliable no-inference objective measures of behavior and behavior change. Reliable measures of therapeutic outcomes are currently nonexistent. The problem with which this study was concerned was one of reliably evaluating psychotherapy outcomes and behavioral change.

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop and assess new measures of behavioral change. The assessment was directed toward those distressing behaviors which cause adult clients to seek psychotherapy.

Methods and procedure

Development of a Behavioral Checklist which would assess the distressing behaviors which brought …

The Effects Of Different Time Arrangements On A Segment Of Individual Psychotherapy Sessions, Dan C. Yergensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different time arrangements for individual psychotherapy vary in effectiveness for the therapeutic process. The following time arrangements were compared against each other: Treatment I, 1/2 hour sessions twice per week; Treatment II, 1 hour sessions once per week; and Treatment III, 2 hour sessions every other week.

Twenty-one subjects and seven therapists were selected from six mental health facilities in Utah and Idaho for this project. All therapists participating had at least 2 years experience as psychotherapists. All subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments. Each therapist received …

The Effects Of Leadership Style On Group Interaction In Differing Socio-Political Subcultures, Kenneth W. Gilstein

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Four encounter groups were run using 41 undergraduates at Utah State University to measure the effects of leadership style, member vii socio-political subculture, and member personality on the quantity and quality of group interaction, and on member satisfaction. Using Kerlinger's Social Attitudes Scale, the subjects were divided into subgroupings of "conservatives" and "liberals." One conservative group and one liberal group were each conducted by a leader acting in a non-directive style, while one conservative and one liberal group were run by a leader acting in a directive style. The California Psychological Inventory was administered to the subjects to gain …

Community Alcohol Education And Prevention Program, John Fredricks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an alcohol education program for the inhabitants of region seven, state of Idaho. A questionnaire comprised of multiple choice, and true-false questions, plus an attitude scale was developed to measure changes by way of pre and post testings.

The five hypotheses of this study are:

1. That our community and school education program would result in subjects obtaining a higher percentage of correct responses on information items on the post test administration of our questionnaire versus the pre testing.
2. The community and school education program would result in subjects obtaining an …

Reading Abilities Of Third Grade Children As Influenced By Kindergarten Instruction, Diane Thomas

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Literature indicates that in past years a controversy has arisen as to the proper time and methods to begin the instruction of reading to young children. Most recent research indicates that authorities do not advocate formalized instruction by which whole classes or groups of children participate in a given program. However, recent literature also indicates a trend toward structured and formalized reading by public school teaching staff.

While there is a great deal of research in the area of early reading, the research is not definitive. Consequently, a need remains for definitive research that can help in answering questions about …

A Comparative Study Of Mother's Education And Early Child Rearing Practices In A Southwestern Indian Pueblo, Sherry D. Remund

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The problem on which this study focused was the need to determine the manner and degree to which pluralistic values of the greater American Society are influencing family life and child rearing patterns of a Southwestern Indian Pueblo, The Southwestern Pueblo is not named for reasons of anonymity. The intent of the study was to determine the degree to which Southwestern Pueblo mothers have been affected by their education in a non-Indian culture as related to child rearing practices in the pre-school years.

The study tests the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the early child rearing practices …

Maternal Attitudes And Perceptions Concerning The Curriculum And Instructional Procedures In A University Preschool Program, Adelle Taggart Karren

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess mothers' attitudes and perceptions with respect to the preschool program at the Utah State University Child Development Laboratory. Six specific objectives were sought in this research, including evaluating maternal satisfaction concerning the present time schedule and grouping of children, assessing attitudes of mothers regarding specific possible changes in preschool procedures, determining a level of involvement of mothers in the preschool program, identifying specific concerns of mothers towards and about the preschool, determining a level of satisfaction of mothers towards the preschool's curriculum and instructional procedures, and identifying maternal expected preschool gains and …

Utah And School Age Parents, Willa C. Hurd

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Background. As Dean of Women in a small high school for the past three years, I have been frustrated because of the fact that there was no program for married and/or pregnant students that would educationally aid them.

Night high school courses are not, in my opinion, "equal education; " I felt the need for a definite program. The school district is both legally and morally responsible to provide educational opportunities to these students .

Justification. In 1970 an estimated 200,000 American girls under 18 gave birth. Nearly two-thirds of the girls had married by the time of delivery (Pregnant …

Leave-Taking Behavior Between Preschool Children And Their Parents, Elizabeth Y. Aoki

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Behavior of 84 parent-child dyads engaged in separation in preschool settings are presented. A factor analysis and correlation matrix revealed patterns of child-parent-teacher interaction, child-parent tactile-affiliative behavior, and child dependency-attachment behavior. The main pattern showed high parent-teacher gazing, smiling, and approaching interaction and high teacher smiling and gazing activity toward the child. A teacher-mediator theory in which the teacher's presence is important as an anxiety-lessening factor in child-parent leave-taking behavior is suggested and discussed to both interpret the findings and for further leave-taking research.

Transition Into Parenthood And The Effects Of Childbirth Education, Margaret B. Haycock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Attitudes of primiparous women toward childbirth were studied longitudinally as they varied with the intervention of childbirth education classes before delivery; and as they varied with the experience of labor and deli very and having a baby in the home after delivery. An anxiety scale was used measuring anxiety toward labor, delivery, the parenthood role, and stress on the marriage relationship. Measurement on the anxiety scale was taken prior to childbirth education when primiparous mothers ranged from 4 months to 7-1/2 months gestation. Measurement II on the anxiety scale was taken after childbirth education, one month prior to delivery. Measurement …