Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Some Characteristics Of Female College Students Who Select Academic Majors In Fields Of Exact Science And Non-Exact Science: A Longitudinal Follow-Up, Paul David Warner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The present study, conducted in 1974, was a longitudinal follow-up of two groups of female subjects who had participated in an earlier study (Wright and Johnson, 1960) while the subjects were university students. One group of the subjects had majored in fields considered at that time to be traditionally feminine majors, i.e. social sciences, art, music, education, homemaking, etc. The other group had majored in fields of exact sciences, which at the time were considered more traditionally masculine. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether differences noted in the 1960 study will exist between these two groups …

The Use Of The Delphi Technique To Effect Decisions Concerning The College Level Examination Program By Higher Education Representatives, Terry Joseph Orme

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study investigated the use of the Delphi technique in educational decision making.

Utah State institutions of higher education employ the College Level Examination Program (CLEP) to award credit in lieu of course work. However, since no uniform policies existed among them, 145 persons were selected on a representative basis to recommend a norming group to use for performance comparisons, the standard by which to judge CLEP performance, and the levels for maximum and minimum credit.

The Delphi technique, which employs a round-by-round questionnaire with feedback procedure, was used for six rounds to obtain sufficient consensus on the three aforementioned …

Snowmobiling In Utah: An Analysis Of Consumer Characteristics, Site Quality, And Carrying Capacity, Richard A. Haws

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A consumer characteristic profile of the snowmobile owners in Utah was compiled and compared to the general population in Utah and the United States. Other statistics were compiled which included user preferences of snowmobiling sites and machine characteristics.

Data were collected by a mail survey of snowmobilers during the 1974-75 snowmobiling season. Approximately 315 questionnaires were analyzed. Additional data were collected from the Utah Division of Parks and Recreation.

Total economic rent values were estimated for 58 sites in Utah. These values were then separated into location and quality values. This was done by reallocating trips to sites by means …

Availability And Perceived Adequacy Of Health Services In Utah, Cheryl L. Thayer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It is the general consensus that continuous and comprehensive health care of good quality should be available to all, under conditions that are convenient, comfortable, and not detrimental to the dignity or self-respect of the individual.

This study concerns the adequacy of health services as perceived by persons living in rural, urban, and urbanizing-rural areas of Utah. It is also a study (1) to determine the degree to which various demographics found to be related to differential medical needs in metropolitan areas is related to perception of health services, and (2) to assess the congruence between empirical and perceived availability …

An Economic Appraisal Of Reuse Concepts In Regional Water Supply Planning, Rangesan Narayanan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Using a conceptual model of a water supply firm, the necessary conditions for production and market efficiency are derived when renovated wastewater is considered as a potential water resource. The nature and extent of the supply augmentation due to recycled reuse is demonstrated using classical optimization techniques. Three stages of short-run supply corresponding to no recycling, partial recycled reuse and complete recycling of all reclaimable water are identified through appropriate Lagrangian Multipliers as well as graphical techniques.

A mathematical programming model is structured to determine the optimal water resource allocation and pricing policy for Salt Lake County. By maximizing the …

Adjustment Of Persian Students At Utah State University, Homa Aflatouni

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Social adjustment of Persian students in terms of their social participation with Americans is analyzed by correlation and multiple regression analyses with six independent variables. The six independent variables are: education, attitude, time, English, social class, and religion. The results of correlation and multiple regression analyses support some of the hypotheses. The significant finding is that the level of education the Persian students completed before coming to the United States, their attitudes toward the Americans, and the length of stay in the United States are the most important factors while other variables are much less useful.

Verbal Memory Of Preschool Indian And Non/Indian Headstart Children, Karen L. Swenson Carter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses l) there is a significant difference between scores of Head Start children on the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation in Utah and the norms of the Verbal Memory Test from the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities; 2) there will not be an association between being Indian or non-Indian; 3 ) there will be an association between teaching styles and the children's performance on the language test. The T test was used to analyze all of the data. The experimental sample scored lower, but not significantly lower than the standardized norms. …

Ego-Identity Formation And Value Orientations In College Students And Working Youth, Gordon Bruce Munro

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An extension of James Marcia's research was undertaken to examine the ego identity development of college and working youth. A number of comparisons were made between college and noncollege working youth, males and females ranging in ages from 18-21. A value orientation instrument (measuring instrumental and expressive attitudes) constructed for this study, Marcia's (1964) Ego-Identity Incomplete Sentence Blank (EI-ISB) and Identity Status Interview, LaVoie's (1975) Child Rearing Instrument, Schwartz's (1 971) Future Orientation and Independence from Family Authority Scalograms were used in assessing these comparisons.

The results revealed significantly more identity diffusion individuals in college and significantly more identity achievement …

Families Without A Home: Child-Rearing Patterns In A Palestinian Refugee Camp, Hala Jamal Hammad

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate child rearing in a Palestinian refugee camp and the values affecting these patterns . The areas investigated were: independence, dependency, aggression, methods of control, sex role training, mother-child interaction, maternal role, maternal expectations of the child in the present time and the future, and the role of the father as perceived by the mother.

An interview was undertaken in October, 1974 at the Al Hussein refugee camp in Amman, Jordan with forty Palestinian in-camp refugee mothers. Since the review of literature did not contain specific references in the psychology, or sociology of …

A Decision Theory Approach To A Resource Management System In Corn Production, James L. Anderson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The major purpose of this study is to make additional information available to the farm manager through the use of decision theory. This will enable him to improve the decision-making process relating to corn production. The goal is to use the resources at his disposal more efficiently and profitably. This study is primarily concerned with factors that influence planting date and corn variety selection. Within the framework of decision theory analysis, a priori and posteriori probabilities are employed to calculate the losses that may occur to corn crops in the Cache Valley area of Utah because of harmful spring frosts …

Economic Analysis Of Dairying In Gunnison Valley, Utah, Craig L. Mangus

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper was to measure factors that affected the profitability of dairy operations in Gunnison Valley, Utah. Special attention was paid to economies of size, return on dairy capital and benefits accruing to the owners of dairies in the valley . Also, within the scope of this study was the subject of economic development and its accompanying impacts on an economy.

A census of the dairy operations in Gunnison Valley was conducted to acquire data on dairy capital owned, cow numbers and quantities of milk produced and returns to the owners of dairies of both a monetary …

Electroacoustic Impedance Measurements: A Learning Packet, Michael J. Cevette

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to provide an instructional format in the presentation of the clinical application of electroacoustic impedance measurements. Journal articles and impedance procedural booklets were used as a source of data for the information contained in the learning packet. Fundamentals of acoustic theory were treated to show the conceptual relationship of acoustic impedance and acoustic admittance. The terminology, normative data, and clinical interpretation of static acoustic impedance measures were examined. Diagnostically significant variables of the tympanogram were related to the audiometric-medical status of the patient. Clinical application of the acoustic reflex was investigated through descriptions of …

Comparisons Of Body Activity In Depressed, Manic, And Normal Persons, Bron B. Ingoldsby

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Films of three depress ed persons, one manic, and one normal individual were analyzed frame-by-frame to determine body activity rates. Speech rates were also determined. It was found that the manic had the highest activity rate, followed by the normal comparison, and with the depressed patients having the lowest activity rates. The depressed subjects also had lower speech rates than did the normal or the manic subjects. The term 'psychomotor retardation 1 is called into question, as the frequency distributions of movement durations were similar for all subjects. Implications for treatment and for development are also discussed.

Husband-Father Involvement In The Family As Perceived By A Select Group Of Husbands And Wives, David Hugh Findlay

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare perceptions of husbands with perceptions of wives to determine if there were any significant differences between them. The perceptions dealt with husband-father involvement in the family. Husband and father patterns have experienced many alterations over the past years, and in general, have changed from strict patriarchal or traditional patterns to more equalitarian or contemporary patterns. Considering the changes that have occurred, it was hypothesized that husbands and wives would tend to perceive husband-father involvement quite differently.

Questionnaires were created by the investigator of this study. They were designed primarily to determine the …

The Relationship Of Family Religious Ritual In The Home And The Marital Adjustment Of Young Couples, Adlin Lamar Huish Ii

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The practice of family religious ritual in the home and its effect on family life has not been very well understood because of the small amount of research completed. In order to help increase the understanding of this concept, this study investigated the practice of family religious ritual in the home and measured the effect of family religious ritual on a couple's marital life by testing four hypotheses: 1) The indices of family religious ritual are positively correlated with marital adjustment. 2) Overall family religious ritual is positively correlated with marital adjustment. 3) Husband-wife family religious ritual is positively correlated …

The Effects Of Age And Socio-Economic Status On The Diagnosis And Educational Treatment Of Mildly Handicapping Conditions Of School Children, John W. Kelsey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biasing effects in labeling and recommendations for educational services when factors of socio-economic status and age are manipulated were studied using 50 certified school psychologists in Utah. Subjects received case report information about IQ, behavior and achievement which described a school child in need of services within one of four conditions, Age 7 Socioeconomic status (SES) High, Age 7 SES Low, Age 13 SES High, and Age 13 SES Low. Other potentially biasing variables such as ethnic background, and sex were held constant. No evidence of bias could be found when dependent measures of labeling, recommendations for educational services, and …

Error Patterning And Hypothesis Behavior Of Children And Pigeons In Discrimination Learning, William Robert Jenson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Characteristic distributions of errors across fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement were studied for two types of discrimination paradigms. Two experiments studied error patterns as a function of hypothesis behavior in two species of animals, children and pigeons.

Three key zero-delay matching-to-sample and two key simultaneous discrimination were reinforced for both species of animals on fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Experiment 1 involved children on matching-to-sample and simultaneous discrimination, and Experiment 2 involved pigeons on matching-to-sample and simultaneous discrimination. Both species of subjects experienced experimental conditions in which shift or stay response hypotheses were selectively reinforced using a high speed digital …

The Effectiveness Of Training For Empathy In Pre-Service Teacher Education, John Bruce Jessen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The specific objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of training on understanding empathy in the teacher training process.

Subjects were Utah State University students enrolled in Elementary Education during winter quarter 1976. The experimental group was composed of 34 subjects and the control group of 27 subjects.

Both groups were administered a pretest. The experimental group then received the treatment which consisted of a training program designed to help them to be able to (1) define, (2) recognize instances of, and (3) to emit empathic behavior. At the conclusion of the training program both the experimental and …

The Development Of A Composite Criminal Suicide Attempt Scale, Norman Salzberg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was designed to understand and identify prison male inmates who had attempted suicide in their history prior to their incarceration. The objectives were (1) the comparison of inmates who had indicated that they had attempted suicide in their past, referred to as "suicide attempt inmates," with inmates who had not, referred to as "non-suicide attempt inmates," on 33 behavioral and personal variables; (2) The development of a suicide attempt scale by means of an item analysis on the responses of suicide attempt and non-suicide inmates to the items of the Bipolar Psychological Inventory (BPI). This scale was named …

Development Of Cooperation Between Children In The Minimal Social Situation, Janice V. Siegel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine whether children can learn to cooperate in what has been described as the "minimal social situation." The research also compared the effectiveness of verbal instructions and a training task for teaching subjects the "win-stay, lose-change" rule. This rule has been used to explain the development of cooperation in the minimal social situation.

Subjects were 19 teams of first-, second-, and third-graders. Five teams were composed of two girls; six were girl-boy teams; and eight were boy-boy teams. Ten of the 19 teams learned to cooperate in the minimal social situation without treatment. …

Strengths Enhancement Training: Self-Concept And Self-Actualization, Tony J. Strelich

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The strengths enhancement training program was developed and evaluated in order to determine empirically if a group method designed specifically to assist subjects in the identification of personal strengths, resources, and potentials, would be effective in broadening their perceptions of themselves in a positive direction.

The strengths enhancement training program was based primarily on the work of Herbert A. Otto, using the Multiple Strengths Perception method as the central component of the training program. That method was pilot tested, and program modifications were made on two occasions.

A pretest-posttest control group design was used to assess the 80 Introductory Psychology …

Telephone Crisis Intervention: Empathy And Conceptual Level, Paul J. Seymour

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The telephone crisis intervention service at Utah State University (Help-Line) was evaluated in order to make the training program accountable and to produce recommendations for improvement in volunteer training.

Help-Line training teaches a "non-directive" counseling model and incorporates experiential sensitivity type exercises, didactic discussion, and role playing.

Help-Line volunteers were assessed by two methods. The first was a pretest-posttest control group design. Training was the independent variable and the discrimination of core conditions (as measured by the Crisis Center Discrimination Index) and the communication of empathy (as measured by the Crisis Center Communication Index) were the dependent variables. The Indexes …

Age And Sex As Influences On The Food Preferences Of Preschool Children, Tish Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A descriptive -exploratory study on the influences of age and sex on the food preferences of preschool children was undertaken to add to the knowledge of the effects of self-selection on the foods chosen and the order in which they were eaten.

Twenty-eight preschool children (fourteen two-year-olds and fourteen four and one-half-year-olds) were given two trials in which they named, selected, and ate foods from a predetermined array of seven food items.

The results indicate that there is a difference in the order in which the children of this study ate the food items. Both age groups selected candy first, …

Programmed Interpersonal Relations Training For High School Students, Leland J. Winger Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Basic Interpersonal Relations program as a facilitator of interpersonal relations for high school students.

Three intact classes of high school introductory psychology students were used to contrast the effectiveness of the Basic Interpersonal Relations program as shown by the experimental group with a treatment-control group receiving didactic instruction, and with a no-treatment control group. All subjects were pretested with the following instruments: Attitude Toward Others Scale (MMPI), Attitude Toward Self Scale (MMPI), Rotter's Internal- External Control Scale, and an achievement test based on the content of the Basic …

Effect Of Feeding Frequency And Caloric Intake On Weight Reduction In Obese Females, Richard Robert Weber

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Forty-five obese female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups required to consume their daily food intake according to the following feeding frequencies: (a) three isocaloric meals, (b) six isocaloric meals, (c) three isocaloric vii meals, (d) three meals in the proportion of 1/4:1/4:2/4, (e) six isocaloric meals, and (f) ad libitum (i.e., eight or more isocaloric meals). Members of the first two groups received dietary, nutritional, and exercise management information, while women in the remaining groups received instruction in behavioral control procedures in addition to the aforementioned educative treatment.

Experimental manipulations failed to produce a statistically …

Noninformative Conditioned Reinforcers In Observing Response Training, Arnold Wellman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The goal of this research was to ascertain if information per se is a necessary condition to establish a conditioned reinforcer. Five pigeons were given observing response training in a two key Skinner box using free choice and forced trials procedures and a chain VI FI reinforcement schedule. The percentage of free choice noninformative trials was the observing response measure. A time correction procedure equated actual and programmed reinforcement frequencies in informative trials and noninformative trials if a difference occurred. For one bird a discrimination reversal of the informative and noninformative stimulus presentations occurred in the last five sessions.

All …

The Development And Validation Of A Life-Change Checklist For Juvenile Delinquents, Paul G. Kulcsar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A method generated by psychophysics has been used to develop a Checklist consisting of 58 life-events that require varying degrees of readjustment on the part of adolescents experiencing them.

A very high degree of concordance was found to exist among psychologists, social workers and probation officers with regard to the relative value of life-change required by those events.

Information about the occurrence of the amount of life-change was subsequently gathered from a sample of 334 juvenile delinquents and 104 nondelinquents by administering the Checklist. A measure of the degree of severity of delinquency was also obtained for each delinquent subject. …

Some Implications Of Changing Natural Resource Use On Leadership Structure And As A Source Of Conflict In The Bear Lake Area Of Utah And Idaho, William C. Dunaway

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Several problems have arisen in recent years as the Bear Lake area of Utah and Idaho has rapidly changed from an agricultural center to a recreation center. Some of these problems have included increased pollution of the lake, rising taxes, damages through fluctuations in the level of the lake and increased crime and traffic problems.

To test the assumptions and theoretical framework of this study, five hypotheses and three sub-hypotheses were formulated. Basically, these hypotheses stated that changing land and water uses; (1) disrupt the status quo of existing social systems and that incompatible values held by different vested interest …

Does The "Draw-A-Male-And-A-Female" Test Show Male-Female Relationship?, Paul Charles Hatch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The present study investigated the "Draw-A-Male-And-A-Female" test to find if this variation of the "Draw-A-Person" test was a valid measure of male-female relationship variables, i.e., compatibility, happiness, warmth, and interpersonal anxiety and conflict. Two groups varying with respect to relationship (married group vs divorced group) were tested. A high school group was also tested. Three psychologists rated the drawings into a positive or a negative relationship group. If the male and female figures in the drawing had the appearance of warmth or pleasantness between each other, seemed compatible, and looked free from interpersonal anxiety or conflict, the picture was placed …

The Development Of An Inexpensive, Anonymous And Portable Classroom Feedback Device With Data Recording Capability, John Peter Dworetzky

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

One way to approach the improvement of teacher behavior is through the application of feedback. An electronic device was developed to provide immediate anonymous feedback from students to teachers in the classroom situation. The newly developed system, unlike other systems available, has the advantages of being portable, inexpensive, easy to use, and able to provide continuous feedback. As the system relies on a sampling procedure, it may be used adequately with any size class. In addition, the system possesses full data recording capability.

Experiments were designed to utilize the device to investigate the effects of immediate anonymous feedback from students …