Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Women In Transition At Midlife, Kay T. Rawson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Women in modern America are living longer than ever before and society's expectations are changing. In 1900, it was expected that most women would die in their forties or early fifties. However, with today's life expectancy of approximately 80 years. midlife is a viable component of a woman's total life course. Since midlife is an important part of the lives of today's women, this study examines the elements of well-being in midlife women over three transitional periods surrounding the half century birthday. A random sample of 1,041 midlife women, ages 34-66, living along the Wasatch Front in Utah, responded to …

Assessment Of Parental Expectations: A Preliminary Investigation Of The Expectation Sort For Parents, Jennifer J. Stepan

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The standards that parents set for their children and the expectations they hold are an important consideration in studying family dynamics, development of a child's self-esteem, quality of parental care, emotional responses to required and desired behavior, and virtually any other aspect of the parent-child relationship. Parents maintain expectations of their child's physical, socio-emotional, and intellectual development. Children's self-concept, self-esteem, and general emotional well-being are all affected by their ability to fulfill parents' expectations. Failure to live up to a standard that is important to the parent could lead to psychological distress for the child and disruption in the family. …

Negative Political Advertising, Negative News Coverage: A Connection?, Karrie Cook

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Although negative advertising and negative news coverage of candidates is not a new phenomenon there is a perception among the news media that the number of negative ads has increased in the past decade (1984-1992), especially in the past five years. This perception has led reporters to increase their coverage and scrutiny of such ads, while at the same time showing them repeatedly on news casts. There are many reasons given as to why the number of negative ads and negative election reports may have increased, including more consulting companies, changes in election process in the 1960s, independent political groups …

Somalia And Unosom: A Case Study In International Peacekeeping, Shawn D. Miller

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Somalia. In December 1992, this word conjured up horrific images of extreme deprivation and senseless suffering due to prolonged war and famine. Calls for intervention were heard and answered resulting in an unprecedented deployment of troops for a humanitarian cause. Immediately thereafter, a notable surge of support for the United Nations (UN) and its role in the post-Cold War world was evident.

A Comparative Study Of The Effect Of Paper-And-Pencil Versus Computer Administration Of An Achievement Test, Perry Sailor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study examined whether, under comparable testing conditions, second- and fourth-grade students who took a computer-administered (CA) achievement test in mathematics achieved the same mean score as comparable students who took the same test by paper and pencil (PP).

For number correct, the CA standardized mean difference effect size was - 0.28, which was larger than the expected effect size of zero, although not statistically significant at .05. It was noted that CA subjects completed the test more quickly, on the average, than PP subjects (CA effect size for time to completion = - 0.79). When time to completion was …

Do Prospective Ratings Correct Retrospective Distortions Based On Negative Social Stereotypes Of Premenstrual Syndrome?, Mary L. Stone

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Daily Assessment Form (OAF) retrospectively assessed symptoms of late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD), both at the beginning and at the end of a 2-month time interval. Ninety-four women between the ages of 18 and 45 entered the study. Half of the subjects viewed a negative-case, stereotypic presentation of LLPDD prior to the pretest. sixty-eight subjects qualified on the pretest to complete the study. Half of the remaining no-case subjects and half of the remaining negative-case subjects completed 8 weeks' prospective ratings via the OAF. Forty-eight subjects remained to complete the posttest at the end of that time interval. …

Factor Analytic Study Of Spatial Abilities In Second-Grade, English-Speaking Navajo And Non-Navajo Children, Laurie Sullivan-Sakaeda

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study was conducted to continue the investigation of apparent differences in cognitive abilities between Navajo Indian children and non-Navajo children. Subjects were 248 second-grade students, ranging from 7 to 9 years old. The Navajo sample lived in the Shiprock, New Mexico, area of the Navajo Indian Reservation, and the non-Navajo sample lived on the east side of Salt Lake City, Utah. Data were collected using six tests designed to measure spatial abilities in primary grade children. Results indicated that the non-Navajo children scored significantly higher on two individual tests and on the total test score under timed conditions, with …

Alcohol, Abstinence, Efficacy, And Social Normative Expectancies: The Relationship To Alcoholics' Level Of Drinking Following Inpatient Treatment, Martin John Toohill

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It has been argued that individuals receiving traditional alcohol treatment do not necessarily perceive life-long abstinence from alcohol as a favorable treatment outcome, and that negative expectations associated with this abstinence goal may have an adverse effect on treatment outcome. However, "abstinence expectancies" have never been systematically explored. This study used the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the relationship between the abstinence outcome expectancies of alcoholics beginning treatment and subsequent alcohol consumption. The independent and combined effects of abstinence outcome expectancies, alcohol outcome expectancies, self-efficacy expectancies (to abstain from alcohol use), and the normative beliefs of individuals beginning inpatient …

Utah Boating And Fishing Survey: Applying Contingent Valuation And Travel Cost Methods To Estimate Recreation Values In Northern Utah For The Bear River Water Development Project, Jeff T. Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The intent of this thesis is to compare contingent valuation methods (CVM) and travel cost methods (TCM) to estimate consumer surplus for boaters and anglers in northern Utah. TCM results are about three times that of CVM. Several limitations are noted, specifically that CVM solicits given willingness to pay (WTP for specific reservoir sites. TCM analyzes aggregated trips to reservoirs with a wide array of site characteristics.

Cognitive Style As A Mediator Of Premarital Sexual Attitudes, Motivations, And Behavior, Susan Campbell Bowman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between adolescent premarital sexual attitudes, motivations, behavior, and cognitive style (style of decision-making process). A review of the literature indicated that deviant behaviors among youth are related to one another and that they are also related to ego identity and cognitive style. No previous study had specifically examined sexual behavior, attitudes, and motivations in relation to cognitive style.

A self-report questionnaire was employed to gather information about cognitive style and sexual behaviors, attitudes, and motivations. The sample was comprised of 579 university students ages 17 to 25 …

Relation Between Child Abuse Risk And Security Of Mother-Infant Attachment At One Year, Miriam Egan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although previous studies have shown that children who have been abused are more likely to be classified as insecurely attached to their mothers, research has not examined risk for child abuse when measured as a continuous variable in relation to security of attachment when measured as a continuous variable. This study examined the relation between risk of child abuse (as measured by the Child Abuse Potential Inventory and the Harsh Parenting Scale) and security of mother-infant attachment (as measured by the Q-sort of Infant Attachment) at 14 and 17 months. Results supported the view that there is a negative relation …

The Effects Of A Cd-Rom Computer Storybook Program On Head Start Children's Emergent Literacy, Susan Talley

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined the effects of a computer CD-ROM storybook program on 73 Head Start children in Logan, Utah. A variation on the two-group pretest/posttest design was used to determine if there was any increase in emergent literacy skills after spending an average of 15 minutes per day for an average of 12 days on the computer.

Previous research suggests that a child's home environment is integral to the preschool child's emergent literacy development. A parent questionnaire designed for assessing information regarding the child 's Iiterate environment at home was administered. Mean scores indicated that those children scoring highest on …

Officially Reported Characteristics Of Spouse Abuse Victims Seeking Assistance In Utah, 1992, Kevin D. Thompson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Spouse abuse is a significant social problem that has recently received considerable attention by family researchers. National studies have estimated the incidence of spouse abuse in the United States, but few studies have been conducted at the state or local level.

Data were obtained from the Utah Division of Family Services Domestic Violence Client Record (Form 741-S) reporting system. A total of 1,363 primary victims of spouse abuse was identified for the calendar year 1992.

It is posited that victims of low socioeconomic status and victims of severe physical abuse are more likely to return to their own home after …

Immune And Endocrine System Responses To Acute Skin-Temperature Reductions And Thermal Biofeedback, Kenneth E. Bell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the cold pressor test on skin temperature, natural killer cell activity, plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 and cortisol, and the numbers of white blood cells, CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and CD56+ cells in the peripheral blood. In addition, the study examined whether thermal biofeedback, when presented following the cold pressor tests, would mitigate the effects of the cold pressor tests.

Four male university students completed pretest psychological inventories and were pretrained during nine laboratory sessions to increase their skin temperature to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. During the experiment, blood …

The Predictive Validity Of The Battelle Developmental Inventory As A Measure Of Adaptive Behavior: A 2-3 Year, Longitudinal Comparison With The Scales Of Independent Behavior, Clarice E. Jentzsch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Within the last 5 years, researchers have given increased attention to preschool assessment. One test, the Battelle Developmental Inventory, has become increasingly popular for use with preschool-age children. Despite its frequent use by early intervention programs, few researchers have studied the technical adequacy of the Battelle. The predictive validity of the Battelle was examined, using 154 children with disabilities. Scores on the Battelle for children 3 to 5 years of age were compared with scores on the Scales of Independent Behavior administered to the same children 2 to 3 years later. Moderate to strong relationships were found between the scores. …

Property Tax Capitalization: Theory And Empirical Evidence, Jay M. Lillywhite

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In an environment of increasing government expenditures financed largely viii through taxes, including a relatively visible and large residential property tax, the issue of whether property taxes are capitalized into market values is increasingly important. Property tax capitalization is the reflection of property taxes in the value of real property. The capitalization of property tax does not necessarily pose a problem; rather, problems arise when homes identical to each other have different taxes and these differentials are then capitalized into market values. These capitalized tax differentials result in large capital gains and losses to owners of real estate.

This study …

Agribusiness Management In Utah Dairies, Rick L. Hirschi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This thesis outlines the theoretical factors impacting dairy profitability. The theoretical portion includes: a general review of production and profit maximization theory, a review of related studies, and an outline of the variables impacting dairy profitability.

An empirical study follows using data gathered from three applied technology centers in Utah in conjunction with dairy herd improvement production records for the farms where these data were available. The empirical section includes a synopsis of the methods and procedures used to collect and analyze the data. Regression analysis was used to determine the significant production and financial factors influencing returns per cow; …

Alternative Exchange Rate Theories (Mundell-Fleming, Monetary, And Equilibrium Approach): An Empirical Investigation, Joon-Ho Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With the shift to a system of floating exchange rates among major currencies in 1973, there was a shift of emphasis from the external balance to the exchange rate determination. Attempts have been made to explain the behavior of the exchange rate both theoretically and empirically over the last 20 years. Most models could not explain what happened, as in the 1980s, when the exchange rate moved a lot. Alternative models based on different approaches give different explanations and suggest different policies. This study examines the implications of the models to see what light the empirical results shed on the …

The Father Of ‘Talk Show Democracy’—On The Line With Larry King, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

IN THE AFTERMATH of what surely was the most extraordinary presidential campaign ever for the American news media, the Larry King story-like the man himself-has taken on almost mythic proportions: Horatio Alger Makes Good. Real good. Today, the mantle of media greatness rests easy on the selfdescribed "Jewish kid from Brooklyn" in the wake of events that defined the "top banana of talk show hosts" as the undisputed kingmaker of the 1990S. Consider: During the presidential race, Ross Perot announced his candidacy (twice) on "Larry King Live"; after belittling the idea, an uncomfortable (and, finally, desperate) George Bush came on …

The Presidency In The New Media Age, Everette E. Dates, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

Nowhere are the differences between journalism and history more evident than in assessments of the presidency of the United States. If journalism is generously described as "history in a hurry," so is it shortsighted and sloppy as it lurches forward, gathering news in bits and pieces, coming to conclusions based on short-term accomplishments and the court of public opinion.

Warping The World—America’S Mangled Images Ofrace, Jannette L. Dates, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Race—America’S Rawest Nerve, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Race For Content, Everette E. Dates, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

IMAGINE," THE SCENARIO would begin, "a room/place/device/system that will serve all your communication needs for information, entertainment, messaging, home shopping, protective security, banking and much more .... " In countless books, articles, speeches, television documentaries and news programs these and other promises have been made for decades. In his visionary science fiction work, Voices from the Sky, Arthur C. Clarke imagined this and more. So did technologists who thought cable television would be the instrument for multifaceted new media services. Others spoke of a cosy menage a trois of telephone, television and computer, an integrated world of multimedia wonder wherein …

Ghost And The Japanese: Cultural Experience In Japanese Death Legends, Michiko Iwasaka, Barre Toelken

All USU Press Publications

The Japanese have ambivalent attitudes toward death, deeply rooted in pre-Buddhist traditions. In this scholarly but accessible work, authors Iwasaka and Toelken show that everyday beliefs and customs--particularly death traditions--offer special insight into the living culture of Japan.

Food Aversion Conditioned In Anesthetized Sheep, Frederick D. Provenza, Justin J. Lynch, John V. Nolan

Green Canyon Environmental Research Area, Logan Utah

We discovered that a food aversion could be conditioned in anesthetized sheep. Sheep were allowed to eat a familiar food (alfalfa-grain pellets) for 30 min, and 90 min later they were given either an intraruminal (IR) injection of water (C), an IR injection of LiCl (L), anesthesia followed by an IR injection of water (A), or anesthesia followed by an IR injection of LiCl (A+L). Induction of anesthesia was by an intraveneous injection of pentobarbitone sodium, and maintenance of deep anesthesia was by halothane. Sheep were maintained in deep anesthesia for 2 h to ensure that the effects of LiCl …

Improving The Implementation Of A Research Tool: Methods To Increase Library Survey Response Rates, Judiith R.J. Johnson, Anne Hedrich

Library Faculty & Staff Presentations

In the winter of 1992 we began research into the implementation of a university-wide survey. This project grew out of discussion about ways Merrill Library could be more responsive through collection development to changing trends in course offerings and research emphases at Utah State University. It was felt that our collection development policies traditionally answered and were based upon teaching needs but might not address research-related needs adequately. This was in large part due to a lack of information about the evolution of research directions throughout the USU community. The problem was further exacerbated by the spiraling costs of journal …

Improving The Implementation Of A Research Tool: Methods To Increase Library Survey Response Rates, Judith R.J. Johnson, Anne E. Hedrich

Library Faculty & Staff Publications

In the winter of 1992 we began research into the implementation of a university-wide survey. This project grew out of discussion about ways Merrill Library could be more responsive through collection development to changing trends in course offerings and research emphases at Utah State University. It was felt that our collection development policies traditionally answered and were based upon teaching needs but might not address research-related needs adequately. This was in large part due to a lack of information about the evolution of research directions throughout the USU community. The problem was further exacerbated by the spiraling costs of journal …

Global News After The Cold War, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

WITH THE BREAKUP of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cold War ended. The media not only watched, but played a crucial role in the years after 1985, when Mikhail Gorbachev came to power, as rapid developments dramatically changed the world as we had known it. Images of seminal change agents in what had been the Eastern bloc-Gorbachav, Lech Walesa, Vadav Havel-facing leaders from the West-Ronald Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, Helmut Kohl and Pope John Paul II-mingled with those of explosions at Chernobyl and Tiananmen Square, the of the Berlin Wall and the Bucharest crowds who brought down a Romanian tyrant. …

The Diplomat’S View Of The Press And Foreign Policy: A Conversationwith Jack F. Matlock Jr, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

JACK F. MATLOCK JR., a career diplomat who served as U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union during the Gorbachev era and as ambassador to Czechoslovakia in the early 1980s, is Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Professor in the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. Matlock began his lifelong study of the Soviet Union in the early 1950S and joined the State Department as a Soviet analyst in 1956, subsequently serving in various capacities in the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. From 1983 to 1986, he was senior director of European and Soviet Affairs for the National Security Council, …

Professional Orientation Equals Second-Class Status In Academe, Ted Pease

Journalism and Communication Faculty Publications

Surveys journalism educators to examine the classic, divisive tension between professional and scholarly journalism activities. Details the extent and kind of their ongoing professional media activities. Discusses how those involvements play in the classroom and with promotion and tenure committees, department heads, and college administrators.