Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Positive Illusions On Perceived Racism, Miyako Jun-Ko Hayashi

Dissertations and Theses

This study investigated the effects of self-esteem, controllability, and optimism, the constructs inherent in positive illusions, on perceived racism. The perceived racism scale in this study was found to contain two dimensions, Equal Opportunity (EO) racism and Authority (AUT) racism. Thirty-seven African-American, 64 Asian-American and 100 White-American students at Portland States University (101 females, 100 males and mean age of 25 years) served as subjects. The findings revealed that both African- and Asian-American students perceived a racist atmosphere from peer students (EO racism) significantly higher than did the White-American students. However, only African-American students perceived greater racism from faculty members …

Methods Of Language Assessment: A Survey Of Oregon Public School Speech-Language Pathologists, Staci Lee Johnson Ball

Dissertations and Theses

Much advice has been published in the last 40 years that has attempted to aid speech-language pathologists in choosing language assessment tools (e.g., Danwitz, 1981 & Darley, 1979 ). Questions have arisen about what tests are actually being used in public schools and the reasons for those tests being used over other tests. The data bank of information is minimal in this area as only one study has appeared in the literature in which Wilson, Blackmon, Hall, & Elcholtz, (1991), conducted a State survey of currently used language assessment instruments. The primary research question to be answered was: What methods …

Sustainable Development In Sub-Saharan Africa: Strategies For Self-Help In Food Production, Case Study Of Kenya, Dieudonne Mayi

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis analyses the food crisis in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1980s and 1990s, identifies roots of the problem, and proposes strategies of sustainable development based on self-sufficiency in food production for domestic needs. The main goal of this research has been to devise development strategies centered on development of the food production sector. The thesis strongly suggests that countries of the region should consider developing the food production sector to experience any meaningful development, and to escape a dark future of food shortages and food dependency on developed economies. Investigation into Development Economics, Dependency, Underdevelopment, and Modernization theories has …

Memory Deficit Compensation Among Survivors Of Traumatic Brain Injury, Hugo Maynard

Dissertations and Theses

Memory impairment is an outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and associated with lower levels of post-morbid adjustment. This research isolated the memory impairment of retrieval deficit, and examined the efficacy of cues and mnemonics in remediating the impairment. Thirty-three male and female TBI survivors, 18 to 71 years old, were pre-tested for attention (COPY), short-term memory (SD), long-term memory (LD) and recognition memory (RS) employing the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (CFT), and Subtest. Sixteen subjects demonstrating a retrieval deficit were administered the post-test, with even random assignment into four treatment conditions: a control group (CONTROL), a group administered …

Sex-Role Stereotypes: How Far Have We Come?, Erica D. Monte

Dissertations and Theses

Parents are the first source of a child's learning of her or his gender. In fact, sex-role stereotyping of infants by parents may occur within the first 24 hours of birth. This study examined the nature of parental stereotyping on the basis of their infant's sex by obtaining parents' descriptions of their newborn and toy and clothing preferences for their newborn. In 1974, Rubin found that parents responded stereotypically to their infants on the basis of sex. Following Rubin's interview approach, 50 parent pairs from two urban hospitals were asked to participate in a parent-infant study and were subsequently interviewed …

Implementing Community Policing: A Documentation And Assessment Of Organizational Change, Emmajean Williams

Dissertations and Theses

Four research questions guided this documentation and assessment of the Portland Police Bureau's conversion to community policing. These questions generated a description of the events and circumstances that created the perceived need for change in the Bureau's role and function; a search for justification for selecting community policing as an alternative policing approach; a comparative analysis of past attempts to implement innovative change of a similar dimension in police organizations; and an assessment of the process by which the Bureau implemented this new policing strategy.

The findings indicate that the prominent factors driving this change are first, the limitations of …

Toward Defining A Zero Option: Discussion Draft, Metro (Or.)

Metro Collection

No abstract provided.

The Nature Of 2040: The Region's 50-Year Plan For Managing Growth, Metro (Or.)

Metro Collection

No abstract provided.

Information Theoretic Mask Analysis Of Rainfall Time Series Data, Martin Zwick, Hui Shu, Roy Koch

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study explores an information-theoretic/log-linear approach to multivariate time series analysis. The method is applied to daily rainfall data(4 sites, 9 years), originally quantitative but here treated as dichotomous. The analysis ascertains which lagged variables are most predictive of future rainfall and how season can be optimally defined as an auxiliary predicting parameter. Call the rainfall variables at the four sites A...D, and collectively, Z, the lagged site variables at t-1, E,,,H, at t-2, I...L, etc. and the seasonal parameter, S. The best model, reducing the Shannon uncertainty, u(Z), by 22%. is HGFSJK Z, where the independent variables, H through …

Behavioral And Community Impacts Of The Portland Needle Exchange Program, Kathleen Joan Oliver

Dissertations and Theses

Research questions were: 1: Will Drug Injectors Use An Exchange In A StateWhere Syringes Are Legal? 2: Will Drug Injectors Using An Exchange Decrease Risky Behavior? 3: Will Frequent Clients Change Risk Behaviors More Than Infrequent Clients? 4: Will Drug Injectors Using An Exchange Change Risk Behaviors More Than A Comparison Group Not Using An Exchange? 5: Does An Exchange Have An Impact On The Number Of Discarded Syringes On The Streets? 6: Is There A Difference In The Rate Of Spread Of HIV Infection Among Users And Non-Users Of The Exchange. Drug injectors will use needle exchange programs, even …

Vibrations Of Maroons And Marronage In Caribbean History And Archaelogy, E. Kofi Agorsah

Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

A discussion of the phenomenon of "resistance" as an important element in the shaping of the History of the New World, and the geographical distribution of Maroon resistance groups in the Caribbean and adjoining areas, introduces this paper. It is contended that historical and ethnographic evidence fail to adequately present the true picture of Maroon culture, considered as a only most important element that brings others together in a coherent way. Using evidence from Jamaica, it is illustrated that filling in the existing gap in our knowledge about Maroons and marronage as well as identification of cultural continuities and discontinuities, …

The Tripartite Model Of Rehabilitation Intervention: Basics, Goals And Rehabilitation Strategies, Hanoch Livneh

Counselor Education Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper discusses the tripartite model of rehabilitation as embedded within the broader model of therapeutic interventions. Rehabilitation, or tertiary intervention, can be viewed as addressing specific goals as they relate to diverse functional limitations. The three phases, or components, of rehabilitation intervention discussed include: (a) disability minimization in an effort to reduce its impact upon life activities; (b) skill development, as an attempt to compensate for limitations imposed by permanent losses; and (c) environmental manipulation to promote physical and social-attitudinal accessibility. The paper concludes with discussion of the model's applicability to the field of rehabilitation counseling.

Getting From Here To There: An Outline Of The Wildlands Reserve Design Process, David Johns, Michael Soulé

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Turning back the assault on the natural world is a monumental and complex task; even the first step – planning a network of reserves – is an enormous undertaking. This paper is intended as a general guide to the steps needed to produce a regional proposal for a Wildlands reserve system. It is based on an assessment of work underway in some regions, and extensive discussion with regional groups throughout the continent.

Language Typology And Reconstruction: The Prenasalized Stops Of Kisi, George Tucker Childs

Applied Linguistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The findings of language typologists can contribute to understanding synchronic variation where no diachronic facts are available. By establishing what happens universally, one can extrapolate as to the past and perhaps as to the future of a language on the basis of synchronic evidence. One approach within such a framework concentrates on a typologically unusual or marked feature on the assumption that its derivation may be established from less highly marked features. This paper discusses the typologically unusual prenasalized stops of Kisi, a Mel language belonging to the Southern Branch of (West) Atlantic. The approach adopted here is based on …

Physical And Environmental Features That Contribute To Satisfaction With Hospice Facilities, Arezu Movahed

Dissertations and Theses

Improving the quality of remaining life for individuals who are terminally ill and their families is an issue that has become increasingly important in recent years. This issue has evolved from perceived deficiencies of conventional health care institutions in meeting the needs of people who are in the final stages of their life, when curative measures are no longer deemed appropriate. In response to deficiencies in care of the terminally ill and their families, there has been a movement toward humanizing conventional health care and making it more holistic. Hospice care, which is consistent with this movement, has evolved as …

Redefining Maroon Heritage In The New World Studies, E. Kofi Agorsah

Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Evidence from recent archaeological studies appear to suggest a redefinition of the heritage of runaway slave communities, referred to by the name Maroons and other terms. Now properly defined as the pioneer freedom fighters, it is also becoming clear that their heritage is a single constant strand in that of the New World. Contrary to previous views and descriptions which appear to indicate that these communities derived only from African slave escapees, historical and archaeological evidence from the Caribbean, and the Americas now reveal that the heritage of Maroon communities stemmed from the united force forged by between native American …

Archaeology And The Maroon Heritage In Jamaica, E. Kofi Agorsah

Black Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Of all the fascinating aspects of Jamaican history, the Maroon Melement appears to be the only one that weaves through the whole period, including the present day. Referring to themselves as 'True blu chankofi piti bo," some Maroons of Moore Town in the parish of Portland claim that, with the exception of the freedom fighters of South Africa, they are the only living genuine and most honourable freedom fighters worthy of the name.

Structuring Skinner: Argument, Structure, And Metaphor In Verbal Behavior, Patrick Hamilton

Anthós Journal (1990-1996)

Skinner’s purpose in Verbal Behavior is to make the study of behavior a science and thus to eliminate argument, rhetoric, and metaphor. But clearly Skinner has not completely eliminated argument, rhetoric, and metaphor from his study. This discussion of Skinner’s work demonstrates that these rhetorical and persuasive ways are tied into his "scientific" investigation of language and verbal behavior, and in many ways, it is these very methods that allow Skinner to create and describe his conception of verbal behavior, even as he claims to be eliminating and avoiding the use of these techniques. This analysis of Skinner's Verbal Behavior …

Diversity Dynamics In Static Resource Models, Mark Bedau, Matt Giger, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

We define three information-theoretic methods for measuring genetic diversity and compare the dynamics of these measures in simple evolutionary models consisting of a population of agents living, reproducing, and dying while competing for resources. The models are "static resource models" i.e., the distribution of resources is constant for all time. Simulation of these models shows that (i) focusing the diversity measures on used alleles and loci especially highlights the adaptive dynamics of diversity, and (ii) even though resources are static, the evolving interactions among the agents makes the effective environment for evolution dynamic.

Keywords: diversity, information theory, evolutionary model, static …

Civic Stadium Viability Study: A Regional Perspective, Dan Diessner, Tita Egan, Michael Harrison, David Taylor, Michael Weeks

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects

From December 1994 through March 1995, the D2T2M consulting group took a serious look at the future of Civic Stadium and its position in the regional community. This study was prepared for the Portland Metropolitan Sports Authority.

In an effort to develop a series of alternative scenarios on the future of Civic Stadium the group conducted an exhaustive series of interviews and a national data search. These interviews included financial experts, event promoters, current tenants, city and regional officials, stadium experts, concerned citizens and others.

A New Era Of Water Quality Management In Agriculture: From Best Management Practices To Watershed-Based Whole Farm Approaches, David E. Ervin

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Why is reducing water pollution from agriculture such a stubbornly slow process? Despite several policy initiatives since the 1970s, farms and ranches rank as the primary contributors to impairments of the nation's surface waters [U.S.EPA, 1994b]. Emerging research also points to agricultural chemicals in many cases of groundwater contamination [Barbash and Resek; Mueller, et al.]. After a little reflection, the industry's negative distinction may not be surprising. Covering nearly half the U.S. land base, crop and livestock production inevitably alter natural vegetative cover, apply fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation water, and involve animal wastes. All of these processes can degrade water …

Pretrial Release In Criminal Courts: A Study Of Three Oregon Counties, Melvin Earl Degraw

Dissertations and Theses

Pretrial release (PTR) is the permanent or temporary freedom from incarceration for criminal defendants awaiting adjudication of their cases in court. From Anglo Saxon times in England, people accused of non-capital crimes were generally permitted to remain free until judicial officials could hear the charges against them. In America, pretrial release has been advocated by the courts since the colonial era. The U. S. Constitution requires that bail not be excessive, but leaves governments free to decide how bail laws are administered. The study briefly traces the historical developments of PTR up to the present time. The study then centers …

A Study Of Two Attempts By President Plutarco ElíAs Calles To Establish A National Church In Mexico, Roger David Gouran

Dissertations and Theses

In the one-hundred years between 1810 and 1926 there were many civil wars in Mexico. The last of these wars. La Cristiada, was not fought, as were the previous civil wars, by groups seeking political control of Mexico. Rather, the genesis of this war was a question of who would control the Church in Mexico. The war began when President Plutarco Elias Calles attempted to enforce rigorously certain articles of the Constitution of 1917 as well as two laws which he promulgated. If Calles had succeeded, he would, in fact, have created a church in Mexico controlled by the federal …

A Case Study Of The Development Of Oregon's 1985 Public Policy In Youth Substance Abuse, Sonja Carol Grove

Dissertations and Theses

Youth substance abuse in Oregon reached epidemic proportions in the early 1980s. A response to this social issue from the Governor's Office, the state legislature, and the Office of Alcohol and Drug Programs during 1983-1985 is the foundation of this case study. Oregon, a small state of three million, was faced with a growing problem of youth and adult substance abuse. Legislative leaders, agency staff, and Governor Atiyeh recognized an opportunity to create public policy to solve problems of substance abuse including crime. The focus on substance abuse included streamlining several budgets with substance abuse monies in various state agencies. …

Social Support In An Urban Moroccan Neighborhood: The Effects Of Social Networks, Mediation And Patronage On The Physical Health And Psychological Adjustment Of Women, Carla Ann Green

Dissertations and Theses

Although there has been a great deal of research in the areas of social networks, social support and well-being over the past two decades, little of that research has been cross-cultural, and virtually none has been carried out in countries outside the West. The present study attempted to describe the structure and functioning of the social networks of a group of relatively modern urban Moroccan women, and the associations among their social networks, social support, physical health and psychological well-being. Extensive interviews were conducted with 108 married or previously-married women who were living in a middle-class neighborhood in Rabat, Morocco. …

Causal Attributions For Teen Problem Drinking, Barbara J. Seatter

Dissertations and Theses

Teen problem-drinking is a pervasive problem in our society. Teens with drinking problems utilize treatment centers and then return to school attempting to stay sober. However, many return to affiliate with problem drinkers instead of with non-drinkers, and risk for relapse is high. One explanation may be that teens without drinking problems do not accept teen problem drinkers into their peer group due to negative reactions toward problem drinkers. One way to examine their attitudes is to examine differences between teen problem drinkers and non-drinkers regarding causal attributions. Attribution theory proposes that various attributions will elicit different emotional reactions and …

Atlases For Select Portland Metropolitan Watersheds, Elizabeth Dimmick, Scott Kaden, Elizabeth Mros, Doug Strickler, Alex Welsch

Master of Urban and Regional Planning Workshop Projects

The primary purpose of this project is to promote planning on a watershed basis in the Portland Metropolitan area. We intend to support Metro's Regional Planning Framework process by encouraging a stewardship ethic based on watershed considerations. Atlases characterizing several of Portland's watersheds will provide specific information to three audiences: planners, community activists, and decision makers. The atlases will provide an information base upon which watershed management processes can be built.

Neighborhood Livability In Northwest Portland: A Case Study Of Portland's Northwest District, Martha J. Bianco, Judy S. Davis, Vicky Lovell

Center for Urban Studies Publications and Reports

Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled.

This study examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability.

Neighborhood Livability In Northwest Portland: A Case Study Of Portland's Northwest District Executive Summary, Martha J. Bianco, Judy S. Davis, Vicky Lovell

Center for Urban Studies Publications and Reports

Portland's Northwest Neighborhood District ("the District") has a unique character, reflecting its special role in Portland's economic history and its geographical location relative to the downtown area, the Willamette River and the West Hills. Current tensions between the District's function as a close-in, high density residential area and its commercial activities are the most recent iteration of tensions that have existed from the time the area was first settled.

This is an executive summary of the report which examines the impacts of retail and residential land use in the District and how this mixture of residential/retail affects the residential livability.

Richmond Neighborhood Plan Action Charts: Adopted By Resolution Number, Portland (Or.). Office Of The City Auditor

Portland City Archives

No abstract provided.