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Articles 4021 - 4050 of 6655

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, And Coping, Ute Schönpflug Aug 2002

Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, And Coping, Ute Schönpflug

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Ethnic identity is understood as a dynamic state, that is determined by three components: (1) by the degree of inclusion in the group of one's cultural origin; (2) the tendency to assimilate to the ethnic group of origin; and (3) the complementary tendency to differentiate from one's own ethnic group. In the same degree as the inclusion intensifies, the tendency to assimilate decreases and the tendency to differentiate increases and vice versa. A state of balance of the two complementary tendencies to assimilate and to differentiate is assumed to exist at an intermediate degree of inclusion (Brewer, 1992). The model …

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Bilingualism: Language, Memory And Applied Issues, Jeanette Altarriba Aug 2002

Bilingualism: Language, Memory And Applied Issues, Jeanette Altarriba

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Bilingualism, or the knowledge of more than one language, is quite prevalent throughout the world. However, much of the cognitive literature that exists on language processing and memory retrieval has included participants who are monolingual speakers. The current chapter introduces the ways in which bilingualism has been investigated in the areas of autobiographical memory, memory recall, and communication in applied settings. The notion of code-switching or language-mixing is introduced as a strategic means through which bilingual memory may be fruitfully investigated.

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Cultural Explorations Of Human Intelligence Around The World, Robert J. Sternberg Aug 2002

Cultural Explorations Of Human Intelligence Around The World, Robert J. Sternberg

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

The goal of this article is to review cultural explorations of human intelligence around the globe. The article opens in the first part with a consideration of cultural studies that suggest that there is more to intelligence than IQ. It continues with the suggestion for what that "more" might be, namely, "successful intelligence." The second part of the article thus describes the theory of successful intelligence, as well as data from various cultures that support the theory. The third part of the article considers cultural conceptions, of implicit theories of intelligence. It is concluded that cultural studies suggest that conventional …

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Cross-Cultural Research On The Five-Factor Model Of Personality, Robert R. Mccrae Aug 2002

Cross-Cultural Research On The Five-Factor Model Of Personality, Robert R. Mccrae

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

The Five-Factor Model (FFM) is a comprehensive taxonomy of personality traits, which are tendencies to show consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions. Although it was originally identified in the United States, the model appears to describe personality structure well in a wide variety of cultures, suggesting that personality trait structure is universal. Age changes--decreases in Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness and increases in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness from adolescence to adulthood--also appear to be universal, as are gender differences. Current studies comparing the mean levels of personality traits across cultures show systematic patterns, but their interpretation is uncertain. The FFM is …

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Studying Personality Traits Across Cultures: Philippine Examples, A. Timothy Church, Marcia S. Katigbak Aug 2002

Studying Personality Traits Across Cultures: Philippine Examples, A. Timothy Church, Marcia S. Katigbak

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Trait perspectives are dominant in the study of personality cross-culturally. We review the questions addressed by researchers who study personality traits across cultures, including, among others, whether traits are used in all cultures to understand persons and their behavior, the universality versus culture-specificity of traits, the validity of imported and indigenous measures of personality traits, and the meaningfulness of trait comparisons across cultures. We then summarize evidence relevant to these questions in one collectivistic culture, the Philippines. Overall, personality research in the Philippines supports the applicability of traits and trait theory as a basis for understanding persons and their behavior …

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Kluckhohn And Strodtbeck's Values Orientation Theory, Michael D. Hills Aug 2002

Kluckhohn And Strodtbeck's Values Orientation Theory, Michael D. Hills

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

People's attitudes are based on the relatively few, stable values they hold. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's (1961) Values Orientation Theory proposes that all human societies must answer a limited number of universal problems, that the value-based solutions are limited in number and universally known, but that different cultures have different preferences among them. Suggested questions include humans' relations with time, nature and each other, as well as basic human motives and the nature of human nature. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck suggested alternate answers to all five, developed culture-specific measures of each, and described the value orientation profiles of five SW USA cultural …

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Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Midlife And Later Years In Western And Non-Western Societies, Frank Eyetsemitan Aug 2002

Life-Span Developmental Psychology: Midlife And Later Years In Western And Non-Western Societies, Frank Eyetsemitan

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This chapter discusses the basis on which studies have been done on the later years of life in Western and non-Western cultures. It suggests that because Westerners value independence, most research on aging in Western societies has focused on how to help the individual maintain his or her functional independence throughout the life-span. Non-Westerners, on the other hand, value interdependence. Therefore, most research on aging has focused on the availability of social support in later life. But with Westernization influences in non-Western societies, there should be a shift in research efforts in order to accommodate a new understanding of aging …

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A Model Of Family Change In Cultural Context, Cigdem Kagitcibasi Aug 2002

A Model Of Family Change In Cultural Context, Cigdem Kagitcibasi

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This reading is about the psychological study of the family with a cross-cultural comparative orientation. It attempts to provide answers to some basic questions regarding the family in context - whether there are systematic global changes in the family, what might be some of the important factors that characterize family and family change, and how they function. A model of family change is proposed to address these questions and to shed light on the variations in family patterns in different socio-cultural-economic contexts. These patterns also help understand the development of the self in family and society. It is proposed that …

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Sojourners To Another Country: The Psychological Roller-Coaster Of Cultural Transitions, Nan M. Sussman Ph.D. Aug 2002

Sojourners To Another Country: The Psychological Roller-Coaster Of Cultural Transitions, Nan M. Sussman Ph.D.

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Cultural sojourners are temporary visitors to another country who return to their home country. They can be students enrolled in a foreign university or corporate employees assigned to an international branch of their company. This chapter explores the psychological aspects of the cultural transition cycle experienced by the sojourner. The concepts of enculturation and cultural identity are introduced followed by a discussion of a transition model which focuses on awareness, adjustment, adaptation, self-concept change, cultural identity response and repatriation. Ideas for minimizing repatriation distress are suggested.

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Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors Across Cultures, P. Wesley Schultz Aug 2002

Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors Across Cultures, P. Wesley Schultz

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

One of the fundamental aspects of culture is the relationship it prescribes between individuals and environment. Am I part of the natural environment, or am I separate and perhaps superior to nature? The answer to this question influences the types of attitudes that individuals within a given culture are likely to develop, the types of environmental behaviors that individuals are likely to adopt, and more generally, beliefs about how to solve environmental problems. This chapter examines differences in attitudes about environmental issues across cultures. We distinguish between egoistic environmental attitudes, and biospheric environmental attitudes, and summarize recent cross-cultural research on …

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Subjective Well-Being Across Cultures, Eunkook M. Suh, Shigehiro Oishi Aug 2002

Subjective Well-Being Across Cultures, Eunkook M. Suh, Shigehiro Oishi

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

All individuals strive to be happy. How they pursue this ultimate human goal, however, seems to vary in interesting ways across cultures. Three key findings have emerged from recent scientific research: 1) individualist cultures are happier than collectivists, 2) psychological attributes characterizing the self (e.g., self-esteem, self-consistency) are more relevant to the happiness of Western individualists than to the happiness of collectivists, and 3) the self-judgment of happiness is anchored on different types of cues and experiences across cultures.

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What Questions Arise When Studying Cultural Universals In Depression? Lessons From Abnormal Psychology Textbooks, Junko Tanaka-Matsumi, Robert Chang Aug 2002

What Questions Arise When Studying Cultural Universals In Depression? Lessons From Abnormal Psychology Textbooks, Junko Tanaka-Matsumi, Robert Chang

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

We examined 70 abnormal psychology textbooks published from 1920s to the present to identify consistent cross-cultural themes with regard to human depressive experiences over time and across regions of the world. The cultural and cross-cultural literature on abnormality and depression, in particular, has contributed to widening the scope of abnormal psychology textbooks over time. However, the texts are almost entirely dependent on Western diagnostic categories, particularly with regard to definitions of depression. Within the Western classification framework, authors of abnormal psychology textbooks have increasingly recognized the role of culture in depressive experiences and their communication. On the basis of our …

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Automobiles, Individualism-Collectivism, And Psychic Systems: An Essay On The Functional Perspective In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Stefan Strohschneider Aug 2002

Automobiles, Individualism-Collectivism, And Psychic Systems: An Essay On The Functional Perspective In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Stefan Strohschneider

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

This chapter identifies the mainstream approach in (cross-cultural) psychology as "variables psychology" and contrasts it with two versions of functionalist thinking. Functionalist approaches are concerned with the purpose of cultural differences and with the psychological mechanisms that produce them. Whereas questions of purpose are frequently debated in cross-cultural psychology, the problem of the basic psychological mechanisms is not. This reading demonstrates how this problem might be tackled by explaining empirical differences between individualists and collectivists through the concepts and mechanisms of a general model of action regulation. The consequences of this approach for the development of cross-cultural psychology are briefly …

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Cross-, Intra-, And Just Plain Cultural, Douglass R. Price-Williams Aug 2002

Cross-, Intra-, And Just Plain Cultural, Douglass R. Price-Williams

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

No abstract provided.

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Culture, Psychology, And Education, David Matsumoto Aug 2002

Culture, Psychology, And Education, David Matsumoto

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

In my view, the study of culture provides three main contributions to our understanding of human behavior and mental processes. First there is great knowledge to impart about cultural similarities and differences in behavior, and these form the basis for improving psychological theories. Second the study of culture is a prime example of critical thinking in the field, as cross-cultural research begs the question about whether our notions of truth and psychological principles are applicable to people beyond those whom were studied. Third research on intercultural adjustment provides us with clues about possible psychological constructs that may be universally necessary …

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Levels Of Analysis In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Peter B. Smith Aug 2002

Levels Of Analysis In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Peter B. Smith

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Cross-cultural psychologists seek to understand the nature of culture, a concept that can only be understood at the collective, supra-individual level. In most areas of psychology, researchers treat each individual as a separate source of data. Cross-cultural psychologists therefore need a clear understanding of the relationship between individual-level and group or collective-level analysis. Selected studies are reviewed that illustrate the way in which research may yield results that differ at different levels of analysis. Indications are given as to how cross-cultural psychologists can best handle the complexities of culture-related measurements for individuals and groups.

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Directions In Gender Research In American Indian Societies: Two Spirits And Other Categories, Beatrice Medicine Aug 2002

Directions In Gender Research In American Indian Societies: Two Spirits And Other Categories, Beatrice Medicine

Online Readings in Psychology and Culture

Indigenous social role categories that represent third and fourth gender characteristics, such as the Lakota (Sioux) winkte and the Dino (Navajo) n and other Native terms, mark the status of these individuals. However, they are often blanketed by the term, berdache, in social science literature. Contextualization in an ethnographic frame is essential to greater comprehension of these roles. A critical review of contemporary research and the writings of the Native occupants of these categories has resulted in an all encompassing term: "Two Spirits." Coterminously, Native terms for lesbians are also emerging. However, all Native gay males and lesbians have …

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Grand Valley Forum, Volume 027, Number 03, July 29, 2002, Grand Valley State University Jul 2002

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 027, Number 03, July 29, 2002, Grand Valley State University

2002-2003, Volume 27

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

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Grand Valley Forum, Volume 027, Number 02, July 15, 2002, Grand Valley State University Jul 2002

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 027, Number 02, July 15, 2002, Grand Valley State University

2002-2003, Volume 27

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

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Lanthorn, Vol. 37, No. 01, July 11, 2002, Grand Valley State University Jul 2002

Lanthorn, Vol. 37, No. 01, July 11, 2002, Grand Valley State University

Volume 37, July 11, 2002 - June 19, 2003

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present.

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Grand Valley Forum, Volume 027, Number 01, July 1, 2002, Grand Valley State University Jul 2002

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 027, Number 01, July 1, 2002, Grand Valley State University

2002-2003, Volume 27

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

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In The Name Of God, Delivered At Fountain Street Church On June 23, 2002, Arend D. Lubbers Jun 2002

In The Name Of God, Delivered At Fountain Street Church On June 23, 2002, Arend D. Lubbers

Presidential Speeches

In the Name of God, delivered at Fountain Street Church on June 23, 2002 by Arend D. Lubbers, who served as President of Grand Valley from 1969-2001.

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Remarks, Delivered At Olivet College On June 20, 2002, Arend D. Lubbers Jun 2002

Remarks, Delivered At Olivet College On June 20, 2002, Arend D. Lubbers

Presidential Speeches

Remarks, delivered at Olivet College on June 20, 2002 by Arend D. Lubbers, who served as President of Grand Valley from 1969-2001.

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Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 41, June 17, 2002, Grand Valley State University Jun 2002

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 41, June 17, 2002, Grand Valley State University

2001-2002, Volume 26

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

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Lanthorn, Vol. 36, No. 36, June 13, 2002, Grand Valley State University Jun 2002

Lanthorn, Vol. 36, No. 36, June 13, 2002, Grand Valley State University

Volume 36, July 12, 2001 - June 13, 2002

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present. The Lanthorn Vol. 36, No. 35 is missing.

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Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 40, June 3, 2002, Grand Valley State University Jun 2002

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 40, June 3, 2002, Grand Valley State University

2001-2002, Volume 26

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

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Slykhouse Lifetime Achievement Award Acceptance Speech, Delivered For The Economic Club On May 29, 2002, Arend D. Lubbers May 2002

Slykhouse Lifetime Achievement Award Acceptance Speech, Delivered For The Economic Club On May 29, 2002, Arend D. Lubbers

Presidential Speeches

Slykhouse Lifetime Achievement Award Acceptance Speech, delivered for the Economic Club on May 29, 2002 by Arend D. Lubbers, who served as President of Grand Valley from 1969-2001.

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Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 39, May 20, 2002, Grand Valley State University May 2002

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 39, May 20, 2002, Grand Valley State University

2001-2002, Volume 26

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

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Lanthorn, Vol. 36, No. 34, May 16, 2002, Grand Valley State University May 2002

Lanthorn, Vol. 36, No. 34, May 16, 2002, Grand Valley State University

Volume 36, July 12, 2001 - June 13, 2002

Lanthorn is Grand Valley State's student newspaper, published from 1968 to the present. This issue is misnumbered as Vol. 37, No. 1. The Lanthorn Vol. 36, No. 35 is missing.

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Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 38, May 6, 2002, Grand Valley State University May 2002

Grand Valley Forum, Volume 026, Number 38, May 6, 2002, Grand Valley State University

2001-2002, Volume 26

Grand Valley Forum is Grand Valley State's faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1976 to the present.

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