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Articles 6391 - 6420 of 63109
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Generative Ai-Driven Paradigm Shift For Future Industrial Innovation, Lan Xue, Lidan Jiang
Generative Ai-Driven Paradigm Shift For Future Industrial Innovation, Lan Xue, Lidan Jiang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Generative AI, as the core engine triggering a paradigm shift in future industrial innovation, is propelling the next generation of artificial intelligence toward a “new qualitative state” characterized by deep thinking and long-chain reasoning. This study, grounded in the emerging attributes of generative AI-driven future industrial innovation, examines the mutually constitutive relationship between generative AI and industrial innovation in the digit-intelligence era. Through three analytical dimensions, namely, AI-driven transformation of knowledge production paradigms, the reconstruction of technological agency spaces, and the unleashing of new qualitative factor values, it thoroughly deciphers the paradigm evolution driven by generative AI. Furthermore, it proposes …
Development Of China’S Ultra-Precision Equipment Industry And Support Of Patient Capital, Hong Jiang
Development Of China’S Ultra-Precision Equipment Industry And Support Of Patient Capital, Hong Jiang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As a core field of high-end manufacturing, China’s ultra-precision equipment industry has achieved rapid development driven by policy support and technological advancements. Nevertheless, it still faces challenges such as technological bottlenecks, international competition, and funding shortages. Its characteristics—long R&D cycles, high risks, and substantial capital investments—are misaligned with the risk-averse nature of traditional financial systems, urgently requiring the support of “patient capital”. Although China possesses a vast pool of long-term capital (e.g., social security funds and insurance funds), systemic gaps prevent these funds from being effectively transformed into patient capital that supports frontier technologies. This study argues that developing patient …
Challenges And Opportunities For Semiconductor Equipment Facing 15th Five-Year Plan, Tianchun Ye, Yu Zhu, Guoming Zhang, Xiaoli Du, Zhenlin Lei, Pengpeng Yuan
Challenges And Opportunities For Semiconductor Equipment Facing 15th Five-Year Plan, Tianchun Ye, Yu Zhu, Guoming Zhang, Xiaoli Du, Zhenlin Lei, Pengpeng Yuan
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
During the “15th Five-Year Plan”, China’s semiconductor equipment industry is facing the dual challenges of technological blockade and supply chain decoupling. It needs to shift from “catching up and replacing” to “path innovation” to break through its dependence on the international technology system. This study analyzes three core needs: supporting self-reliance (breaking through the bottleneck of advanced process equipment and parts), building an innovation ecosystem with Chinese characteristics (exploring new technology paths such as GAA and 3D integration), and promoting intelligent upgrading (integrating AI and digital technology). At the same time, it proposes to use the strategy of “re-globalization” to …
Materials Science And Technology In Ultra-Precision Equipment, Jun Tan, Feng Liu, Mingsheng Luo
Materials Science And Technology In Ultra-Precision Equipment, Jun Tan, Feng Liu, Mingsheng Luo
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The technological advancement of ultra-precision equipment is highly dependent on the development of advanced high-performance materials. The preparation and processing techniques of key materials directly impact the performance and service behavior of ultra-precision equipment. Nevertheless, the shortcomings in high-performance materials have become major weaknesses in China’s high-end equipment manufacturing. This study systematically summarizes the application of advanced materials in ultra-precision equipment and provides an in-depth analysis of the current status of material preparation and processing technologies, and prospects for future development directions in this field are offered as well. Based on a thorough analysis of the main issues currently faced …
Ultra-Precision Equipment For 15th Five-Year Plan: Challenges And Opportunities, Jianlin Cao
Ultra-Precision Equipment For 15th Five-Year Plan: Challenges And Opportunities, Jianlin Cao
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
People generally refer to equipment with micron-level precision in manufacturing processes as precision equipment, while equipment meeting requirements beyond the micron level (nanometer-level) is termed ultra-precision equipment. Ultra-precision equipment serves as the foundation of advanced manufacturing today and is also a critical component of several high-tech industries, such as integrated circuits, displays, aerospace, instrumentation, and high-end machine tools. The level of ultra-precision equipment in these industries has a decisive impact on their development. Ultra-precision equipment is also the crystallization of modern scientific, technological, and engineering practices, and its development is a historically iterative process, requiring the interplay of demand-driven factors, …
Vigorously Promote Technological Innovation Oriented Towards Industrial Development, Guojie Li
Vigorously Promote Technological Innovation Oriented Towards Industrial Development, Guojie Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
From the perspective of scientific and technological workers, this study discusses some understanding and conceptual issues related to the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Firstly, it points out that the shift from emphasizing “transformation of achievements” to emphasizing “deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation” is a sublimation in the understanding of the laws of scientific and technological development and economic growth. The connection point between scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation is the problem to be solved, and the focus of the connection is frontier technology research to explore the feasible pathways. …
Current Status And Development Trends Of Domestic High-End Equipment In Aero-Engine Manufacturing, Hu Chen, Shilin Jiang, Hongtao Tang, Mingshan Song, Haowei He
Current Status And Development Trends Of Domestic High-End Equipment In Aero-Engine Manufacturing, Hu Chen, Shilin Jiang, Hongtao Tang, Mingshan Song, Haowei He
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Aero-engines are known as the “pearl on the crown of industry”. As global manufacturing competition intensifies, achieving independent control of high-end equipment in aero-engine manufacturing is crucial for China to become a global aviation power. This paper reviews the development, achievements, challenges, and future directions of domestic five-axis machine tools, planers, 3D printing equipment, and micro-hole processing equipment in this field. Domestic five-axis machine tools have made progress through structural innovation and process optimization, gradually replacing imports. Planers have advanced in intelligence and precision, 3D printing equipment in multi-axis coordination and material diversity, and micro-hole processing equipment in compound processes …
Byd: Practices And Reflections On Driving Green Development Through Integrated Innovation, Chuanfu Wang
Byd: Practices And Reflections On Driving Green Development Through Integrated Innovation, Chuanfu Wang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
In three decades of development practice, BYD has upheld the technology-based and innovation-oriented mindset of development, and seized opportunities presented by technological revolutions and industrial transformations. From battery production, to automobile research and development (R&D) and to rail transit innovations, BYD has continuously deepened integrated development, achieving notable progress in implementing innovation-driven development strategies and cultivating new quality productive forces. This study examines BYD’s integrated innovation development practices as the primary framework, summarizing five distinctive characteristics: technological DNA, vertical integration and integrated innovation, precise strategy, talent engine, and green leadership. In light of future developmental requirements, it proposes relevant insights …
Case Study And Enlightenment Of Key And Core Technology Research, Yanni Han
Case Study And Enlightenment Of Key And Core Technology Research, Yanni Han
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Since the reform and opening up, China has made significant progress in economic and technological development. Nevertheless, the complex international situation has made us aware that there are still some visible and invisible key core technologies under the control of others, bring us into a passive situation in international competition. Technological advantages are increasingly being applied in political confrontations between nations, serving as important means of sanctions and invisible weapons. Being dependent on others for key and core technologies has become a hidden danger to China’s economic and social development. Based on case studies of some successful key and core …
Study On Management And Mechanism Of National Research Institutions To Organize Critical And Core Technologies R&D Activities, Xiaoxi Xiao, Xiang Shen
Study On Management And Mechanism Of National Research Institutions To Organize Critical And Core Technologies R&D Activities, Xiaoxi Xiao, Xiang Shen
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As an important component of the national strategic scientific and technological forces, national research institutions, especially those in high-tech fields, have important missions and responsibilities in developing critical and core technologies. This study firstly analyzes the mission and function of national research institutions in critical and core technology research, and then illustrates that national research institutions are capable of undertaking critical and core technologies that need large and long cycle of investments and are of high risk, which means universities and enterprises could not or have no willingness to carry out. In details, national research institutions are able to conduct …
Research On Identification And Selection Practice Methods Of National Critical Technologies, Yanlin Cheng, Yaling Cao, Yan Xiao, Tao Dai
Research On Identification And Selection Practice Methods Of National Critical Technologies, Yanlin Cheng, Yaling Cao, Yan Xiao, Tao Dai
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
National critical technologies are crucial to economic prosperity, social welfare, and national security of a country or region, playing a vital role in enhancing national scientific and technological innovation capability and boosting its international competitiveness. How to identify and select national critical technologies is the prerequisite and foundation for optimizing research layouts and cultivating priority fields. Based on the understanding of the connotations and characteristics of national critical technologies, this study proposes an analytical framework for their identification and selection. Through a cross-case analysis of practices in the United States, the European Union, South Korea, and Australia, the study compares …
Practice And Enlightenment Of National Critical Technology Strategy, Jie Chen, Xiao He, Tao Dai
Practice And Enlightenment Of National Critical Technology Strategy, Jie Chen, Xiao He, Tao Dai
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Critical technologies have become an important factor affecting the international competition pattern, national economic and social development, and national security. In recent years, major countries such as the United States, South Korea, and Australia have implemented national critical technology strategies to systematically promote the cultivation and protection of critical technologies at the national level. Firstly, the different strategic choices made by the United States, South Korea, and Australia based on their own advantages and foundations were compared from the dimensions of strategic positioning, focus, and main measures. The United States was analyzed as a technology leading strategy, South Korea as …
Considerations And Initiatives For Domesticating Display Manufacturing Equipment, Songlin Ma, Shijian Qin
Considerations And Initiatives For Domesticating Display Manufacturing Equipment, Songlin Ma, Shijian Qin
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The display panel industry has evolved from CRT to OLED, with major technology-leading regions such as Japan and South Korea adopting a vertically integrated model encompassing equipment, materials, and products. This approach ensures self-sufficiency within their regional industrial chains, while each technological leap has reshaped the global industry landscape. China’s display industry started from scratch and, through a strategy of complete technology import, digestion and absorption, and independent innovation, has gradually achieved the world’s highest shipment volume. Nevertheless, it still faces the challenge of being “large but not strong”, as core equipment for display panel production lines heavily relies on …
How To Scientifically Understand "New Quality Productivity", Yongnian Zheng
How To Scientifically Understand "New Quality Productivity", Yongnian Zheng
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
New quality productivity (NQP) is a strategic concept that can be defined as all economic activities that can contribute to enhancing the technological content and value-added of products based on technological progress. Discussions on NQP will have to have a scientific sense of the industrial upgrading on the basis of technological progress, avoid restricting NQP to some specific areas of technological development, and treat NQP as technologically deterministic. Empirically speaking, the development of NQP can focus on the three core production factors of basic research, applied technology, and the financial system. In addition, it is necessary to provide an effective …
Big Life-Science: Study Of Omics From Microscopic To Mesoscopic Scales, Jiarui Wu
Big Life-Science: Study Of Omics From Microscopic To Mesoscopic Scales, Jiarui Wu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The human genome project at the turn of the century opened a new era of life science research and formed various omics characterized by holistic high-throughput research. The initial omics research was mainly carried out at the molecular level, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc., showing a new paradigm of data-driven research. With the development of research technologies, the omics research has risen to the mesoscopic level, the representative is the “Human Cell Atlas” project launched in 2017. At present, researchers have been able to carry out omics research at the level of tissues, organs, and even individuals, and resulted …
Brain Science And Brain-Inspired Intelligence In Intelligent Era, Xu Zhang
Brain Science And Brain-Inspired Intelligence In Intelligent Era, Xu Zhang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
With intelligence technology as the core technology and intelligent computing power as the productive force, the intelligent era has once again pushed brain science to the forefront of world science and technology. Brain science is the science that studies the nature and rule of cognition and intelligence of human, animal, and machine. A comprehensive analysis of the structure and functional connection rule of the nervous system will eventually draw the functional connectivity map of the brain. In the past decade, neuroscience research has been committed to systematically analyzing the types of neurons and neural structural connections of the nervous system, …
Some Reflections On Developing Trend Of Gravimetry In China, Heping Sun
Some Reflections On Developing Trend Of Gravimetry In China, Heping Sun
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
With the development of modern science and technology, gravimetry is growing vigorously and is increasingly becoming an interdisciplinary subject that is closely related to many others such as geology, fundamental physics, geodynamics, hydrology, oceanography, and astronomy. It is now a key subject in giving service to demands in national strategy and fundamental researches in geoscience such as fiducial surveying and mapping, resource exploration, military security, and hazard monitoring. Therefore, owning the core gravimetric techniques is one of the pivots which reflect national core competitiveness. This study first briefly overviews the history and actuality of the growth of gravimetry subject in …
Nanozyme: Combining Power Of Natural Enzymes And Artificial Catalysis, Peng Du, Lizeng Gao, Jian Jiao, Kelong Fan, Xiyun Yan
Nanozyme: Combining Power Of Natural Enzymes And Artificial Catalysis, Peng Du, Lizeng Gao, Jian Jiao, Kelong Fan, Xiyun Yan
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Nanozymes represent a novel class of artificial enzymes and biocatalysts, possessing both the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials along with unique enzyme-like catalytic activities, which breaks the boundary between inorganic materials and organic life. Unlike natural enzymes, traditional enzyme mimics and chemical catalysts, nanozymes exhibit catalytic activity that can be regulated by their nanoscale physical and chemical properties. They are characterized by good stability, high- and lowtemperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, adjustable activity, and multifunctionality. As a result, nanozymes have garnered widespread attention in the fields of biomedicine, environment treatment, green agriculture, new energy resources, and have begun …
Progress And Challenges Of Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) In The World And In China, Bojie Fu, Junze Zhang
Progress And Challenges Of Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs) In The World And In China, Bojie Fu, Junze Zhang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by United Nations is a critical task for countries around the world from 2016 to 2030. Yet, recent assessments indicate that progress on half of the SDGs has stagnated or even regressed, and that most goals are unlikely to be met by 2030. This study reviews the progress globally and in China towards achieving the 17 SDGs, and summarizes five key challenges that are impinging their realization: 1) the data gaps and insufficient monitoring capacity, 2) the high complexity of interlinkages among the SDGs, 3) the influence of regional disparities and negative …
Analysis Of Research And Development Trends Of New Drugs, Ping Xu, Li Xu, Ruo-Nan Yang, Wei Li, Kaixian Chen
Analysis Of Research And Development Trends Of New Drugs, Ping Xu, Li Xu, Ruo-Nan Yang, Wei Li, Kaixian Chen
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As an important component in the pharmaceutical innovation, research and development (R&D) of new drugs stands at the forefront of a new round of life science and technology revolution and bioeconomic reform, which is of strategic significance to leading scientific and technological innovation, driving economic development, and improving people’s health and well-being. At present, continuous innovation in cutting-edge technologies, cross-domain integration of disciplines, and digital depth enablement drive active innovation in the field of new drug R&D. Both domestically and internationally, innovative small molecule drugs, antibody drugs, immune cell therapy, gene therapy and nucleic acid drugs are receiving intensive market …
New Frontier In Race For Deep Space Exploration: Lunar Water Resources, Yong Wei, Honglei Lin, Fei He, Hui Zhang
New Frontier In Race For Deep Space Exploration: Lunar Water Resources, Yong Wei, Honglei Lin, Fei He, Hui Zhang
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Deep space exploration has become the commanding heights of science and technology competition. Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has successfully completed the lunar exploration missions of “orbiting, landing, and returning” in just twenty years, and upgraded to a new roadmap of “survey, construction, and utilization”. Meanwhile, lunar exploration worldwide has shown a trend towards normalization and commercialization. The research on lunar water resources has sparked widespread interest and intense competition among countries and space agencies, marking a new focus in human’s deep space exploration. The exploration of lunar water can help reveal crucial processes in the formation …
Winning Battle For Key And Core Technologies In Emerging Fields—Inspiration Based On 863 Program Related Projects, Guangzu Bai, Li Li, Hongfei Meng, Qiang Wang, Xiaoyang Cao, Anrong Liu, Bo Cheng, Mimi Zhan, Jing Li, Leiei Cui, Xiangwan Du
Winning Battle For Key And Core Technologies In Emerging Fields—Inspiration Based On 863 Program Related Projects, Guangzu Bai, Li Li, Hongfei Meng, Qiang Wang, Xiaoyang Cao, Anrong Liu, Bo Cheng, Mimi Zhan, Jing Li, Leiei Cui, Xiangwan Du
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Emerging technology fields have become the main battleground for strategic competition among major powers today, with key and core technologies serving as crucial approach in shaping a nation’s international competitive advantage. This study, from the perspective of national strategy, profoundly understands the significant importance of winning the key and core technology battle in emerging fields. Based on this understanding, it starts with a comparison between the implementation background of the 863 Program and the current reality. It systematically summarizes valuable experiences from projects aimed at advancing key and core technologies in emerging fields, and puts forward reflections and suggestions for …
Multiple Input System Of Disruptive Technologies, Mimi Zhan, Xianke Peng, Xiaoyang Cao, Xiaomian Hu
Multiple Input System Of Disruptive Technologies, Mimi Zhan, Xianke Peng, Xiaoyang Cao, Xiaomian Hu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
As the great power to drive human society’s development and the industrial transformation, disruptive technologies have attracted the attention of countries around the world. The major economies worldwide have made relevant strategic plans to develop disruptive technologies for preempting the zenith of technological innovation. As the effective approach to gather various resources, the multiple input system of disruptive technologies has become a place of strategic importance and related studies have also been paid more and more attention. The multiple input system of disruptive technologies is investigated firstly from the perspective of innovation mechanism in this study. Based on the innovation …
Synthetic Biology Enablement: From Academic Development To Industrial Transformation, Yan Xiong, Xueqing Ma, Daming Chen, Xiao Liu, Guoping Zhao
Synthetic Biology Enablement: From Academic Development To Industrial Transformation, Yan Xiong, Xueqing Ma, Daming Chen, Xiao Liu, Guoping Zhao
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Synthetic biology revolutionizes the comprehension of life systems from an engineering perspective, employing a “bottomup” approach in life science research. It adopts an iterative research paradigm of “design-build-test-learn” in life science research and creates engineered new life systems grounded in genomics and systems biology. This provides a new pathway of “from creation to understanding” for life sciences, departing from the traditional reductionist research strategy of “study the whole to understand the parts” and opening up a new culture of “building to understand” the essence of life. Additionally, synthetic biology elevates existing biotechnologies previously based on “simulating natural processes” and “genetic …
Advances In Data-Driven Life Sciences Research, Haiping Jiang, Chunchun Gao, Wenhao Liu, Yungui Yang, Xin Li
Advances In Data-Driven Life Sciences Research, Haiping Jiang, Chunchun Gao, Wenhao Liu, Yungui Yang, Xin Li
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The field of life sciences is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in experimental techniques and vast biological big data which gradually arise and play an increasingly important role in life science research. First of all, biological big data has diversity and complexity, including genomic data, epigenomic data, proteomic data and other types. These data provide researchers with more comprehensive information and help reveal the laws behind life phenomena. Second, new data-driven developments and applications in life sciences cover many fields such as gene editing, precision medicine, drug development, etc., providing unprecedented possibilities for human health and quality of life. However, …
Promoting Ecosystem Based Marine Management Through A Marine Ecological Classification And Zoning System, Wenhai Lu, Xiao Li, Meng Cui
Promoting Ecosystem Based Marine Management Through A Marine Ecological Classification And Zoning System, Wenhai Lu, Xiao Li, Meng Cui
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Ecosystem based ocean management is an important means of building marine ecological civilization. The current marine ecological classification and zoning in China comprehensively sorts out the types and natural geographical characteristics of marine ecosystems, divided the Chinese seas and adjacent waters into several levels of ecological spatial units according to different scales, effectively characterizes the geographical distribution features of marine biological communities and their habitats, and provides effective support for ecosystem based marine management. This study analyzed the practical significance of marine ecological classification and zoning. Based on a review of the development of marine ecological classification and zoning, this …
Modernization Of Science And Technology From Perspective Of Chinese Path: Implications Of The Era, Characteristics, And Reflections, Baoyu Jia, Yan Ying, Jiang Yu
Modernization Of Science And Technology From Perspective Of Chinese Path: Implications Of The Era, Characteristics, And Reflections, Baoyu Jia, Yan Ying, Jiang Yu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
The modernization of science and technology is the key to Chinese path to modernization and plays a fundamental and strategic supporting role in building a powerful socialist modernization country. This study reviews various stages of development including sprouting and exploration, recovery and acceleration, catching up and leading, summarizes the characteristics and experience, and discusses the improvement in terms of level, concept, culture, topic selection, organization, system, governance, team, and guarantee, and then, proposes the concept of “Chinese Path to S&T Modernization”.
Policy Overview (April, 2024)
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
No abstract provided.
Technology Innovation Is The Key To Future Space Science Missions, Ji Wu
Technology Innovation Is The Key To Future Space Science Missions, Ji Wu
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)
Space science is one of the important space activities of China together with space technology and space application. Although it is a space program aimed at scientific discovery and breakthrough, with the development of technology and the increasing number of achievements received in the past, space science missions require more and more technological innovation to achieve their goals. This study first reviews the development trend of space science missions since their birth, then analyzes the cultivation process of space science mission proposals with technological innovation and the responsibilities of the chief scientist leading such tasks, and finally analyzes and proposes …
Examining The Historical Evolution And Contemporary Significance Of Human Rights, Ailing Lu
Examining The Historical Evolution And Contemporary Significance Of Human Rights, Ailing Lu
Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science
This paper delves into the complex concept of human rights, examining its historical evolution and contemporary significance through the perspectives of Lynn Hunt's "Inventing Human Rights," Michelline R. Ishay's "The History of Human Rights," and Samuel Moyn's "The Last Utopia." Hunt's work explores the 18th-century Enlightenment, highlighting the political foundations of natural, equal, and universal rights. Ishay provides a comprehensive account spanning ancient civilizations to modern globalization, emphasizing the dynamic nature of human rights struggles. Moyn challenges conventional views, asserting the mid-20th century emergence of contemporary human rights amidst the Cold War and failed utopian visions. While each historian offers …