Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Cost Accounting Regulations In Oil And Gas Industries, Lakshmi U. Tatikonda, Rao J. Tatikonda

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The cost accounting methods that are currently used in the oil and gas Industry are very diverse. Since the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, increased attention was given to this issue, which resulted in the issuance of SFAS-19 by the FA SB and the SEC’s attempt to develop a new accounting method based on the value of their reserves. The pros and cons of the existing methods are discussed. Also discussed is the need for a uniform accounting procedure.

The Advantages Of Local Extremes Of Systems When Considering Energy Supply Trends Toward Size And Complexity, Harold A. Kurstedt Jr., Arthur M. Squires, William A. Kramer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Recent discussions of new energy sources, including some debate concerning the relative merits of a number of approaches, reflect an emerging trend toward extremes in size and complexity of sources. This trend is justified as a fundamental premise for future energy development. The trend is related to similar trends in commerce, business, medical service, and transportation. The recent sharp increases in marginal energy costs, along with governmental intervention in the energy scene, are accelerating a focus on the concept of an energy park, at one extreme, and on small locally-controlled sources of energy, at the other A key to successful …

Input-Output Analysis Of Industrial Energy Consumption: Some Effects Of Changing Prices And Federal Regulation, John R. Griffith, Ruth Y. Griffith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Input-output data are used to indicate some possible effects on the industrial sector of government options relating to energy, and some results of the industrial conservation program are examined.

Concentration Of Solar Energy Using A Cassegrain Type Solar Furnace, M. H. Cobble, W. C. Hull

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A solar furnace consisting of a paraboloid of revolution that tracks the sun, and a hyperboloid of revolution reflector that has a focus in common with the paraboloid is analyzed using a three-dimensional ray trace to determine the image shape and size, and for the concentration to be obtained for various eccentricities e of the hyperboloid when used with an 84 foot diameter paraboloid (radar dish).

Energy Substitution Prospects, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Any discussion about the future pattern of energy use invariably includes scernarios involving a switch-over to that source of energy which is available in abundant supply. It is taken for granted, for example, that coal will play a major role in the future and that the relative share of oil will decline with the passage of time. It is too simplistic to assume that a time series analysis will give the likely clues as to the pattern of switch-over from one source of energy to another. There has been a radical change in the structure of exchange relations between the …

Electricity Generation And Abatement Of Gypsum Production, Angelos Pagoulatos

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper analyzes the possibility of reducing costs of compliance for coal-fired electric generating plants. As electricity production relies more heavily on coal, the possibility of marketing abatement gypsum is explored and qualitative estimates are obtained.

The Solar Connection -- Promise Or Peril?, Paul S. Strong

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

During the past decade important progress has been made in understanding the sun-earth environmental system. Modern observations of solar activity document changes in solar output over time scales ranging from seconds to decades, and evidence for longer term variations have been found in historical records. It follows that the sun cannot be considered to be a totally non-variable energy source. Continued research progress into solar-terrestrial interactions will hopefully provide an understanding of sun-weather/climate relationships resulting in energy conservation through more efficient energy utilization of our planet's atmospheric energy system.

America’S Energy Portrait -- 1978 And Beyond, Tom Day

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There is a general consensus that fragmented energy policies are a product of unrefined knowledge about our energy supplies and energy management capabilities. There is also a specific endeavor that we mortals must have knowledge available in order to learn how to proceed with this business of living. Knowledge about energy and how we use it is our strongest weakness and our most gullible assumption.

Utility Rate Structures: What We Can And Should Do And What We Can’T And Should Not Do, Charles David Laderoute

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper analyzes the economics of a nurrber of items of interest in public utility rate design. These include: lifeline rates, time-of-day rates, marginal cost pricing, and so-called "free services."

National And Regional Agricultural Impact Of Natural Gas Deregulation And Curtailment Under A High Export Scenario, Barton C. English, Earl O. Heady, Dan Dvoskin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An interregional national linear program ring model is used to evaluate the national and regional inpacts cn agriculture of two alternative natural gas policies -- curtailment to irrigation and deregulation. Energy use, agricultural production, commodity shadow prices, and resource use under natural gas curtailment and deregulation are compared to a base nn without these policy changes.

Commercially Available Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors, Stanley J. Ring

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Efficiencies on the order of 50 percent with high differential temperature (150° C) have been advertised with the current distribution of commercially available evacuated tube collectors. Product specifications and, where possible, experimental data have been gathered and presented. The paper also develops a mathematical model for evaluation of these collectors. Results conclude that, although performance is high, collector expense limits the cost effectiveness to necessary high-temperature, high-volume applications. These include both residential cooling and industrial processing.

An Energy Initiative -- To Inform The Public, James E. Beavers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper discusses the formulation and implementation of an Energy Initiative Program whose purpose 1s to inform and educate the public. The program is supported by the efforts of the Coordinating Committee on Energy (CCE) of the Association for Cooperation in Engineering (ACE) composed of representatives from 22 national engineering societies.

Computer Modeling Of A Solar Hot Water Collector System, Michael F. Bregar, William E. Stewart Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Computer modeling of a solar collector system can facilitate the selection of design paths and produce the optimal orientation and layout of the system for its intended location and seasonal usage patterns. Application of economic criteria to modeling also enables the analysis of alternate designs in terms of their installed and operating costs, as well as allowing calculation of payback periods for the various system configurations.

This program was intended to aid in the design of solar hot water collector systems. Design parameters of the system are used as inputs to the program. System configuration and design can then be …

Planning For Energy Conservation -- A Cooperative City/University Effort, A. Richard Graham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Cities that are planning energy conservation programs are often in need of assistance in organizing the programs. This paper describes a project which is providing this service to a pilot network of cities. Programs which have been Implemented are described.

Assessment Of Residential Energy Use: Some Results And Methodologies, Gunar E. Liepins

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper addresses the problem of determining residential energy use. Specifically, it discusses some of the estimation methods, selected results, and potential errors in the estimates.

Analysis Of Residential Electric Demand In Southwestern Indiana, Mangi L. Agarwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyzes the residential demand for electricity in the Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company service area. It explores the many variables which may contribute to electricity consumption. It also attempts to synthesize various weather and climatic data into one variable called the "comfort index" which may explain part of the electricity consumption. In estimating the demand equations, monthly data for twelve years have been used.

To Light Or Not To Light? -- That Is The Energy Question, J. Byron Nelson, Burns E. Hegler

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The controversy over lighting levels has existed for some time. Interest in methods of lighting has been heightened by the energy crisis. It has been estimated that lighting consumes approximately five percent of the nation's energy, therefore lighting is a relatively small energy user when compared to transportation and industrial processes which consume the bulk of the nation's energy. However, any saving that will make a contribution to the energy crisis should be considered. Consequently, this paper shows how energy for lighting may be reduced without sacrificing the present quality of lighting and in some cases, actually improve the lighting …

Wood As An Energy Source In The Tennessee Valley Region, Richard L. Doub

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

TVA has been working with wood energy production systems for only a short time, but we have been involved with forest development for many years, and our experience has led us to believe in the viability of using wood for energy production. Commercial forests of the Tennessee Valley region (125 watershed counties, plus another 76 counties where TVA provides Power) occupy some 30.5 million acres. The annual total tree growth from these lands is about 2.3 billion cubic feet of wood-equivalent to 38 million tons of coal in heat value. Conventional forest products now consume some 580 million cubic feet …

Gasification Of Municipal Solid Waste In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, Craig W. Mosley, Radon Tolman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Results of pilot plant municipal solid waste gasification studies conducted at the Adolph Coors Company, Golden, Colorado, are presented. The nominal one ton per hour, 150 psig, fluidized bed gasification system was operated during 1973- 1974 using steam and air as oxidants and fluidizing media. These studies show the feasibility of a one-stage, air blown, fluid bed MSW conversion system.

Developing And Implementing A Municipal Energy Program, Howard Hufford, Steve Brooks, Ann Hall, Nancy Southworth

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Faced with the responsibility of providing energy and water services for a rapidly-growing community, City Utilities is looking for ways to encourage more efficient use of our available energy resources.

This paper describes the progress made and some of the pitfalls encountered by a municipal utility during implementation of energy programs as part of a federal, pilot demonstration project.

A Case Study Of Conservation In Space Heating Requirements Of A Single-Family Home, Robert M. Boeke

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy requirements for space heating in a single-family home were studied over a period of four heating seasons. The effects of added insulation, reduced thermostat settings and other conservation techniques were measured. The potential for energy conservation in residences, under actual living conditions, was clearly demonstrated.

Conducting Successful Energy Audits, J. M. Phillips, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Part of any successful energy management program is well designed and conducted energy audits. Basically, there are three types of energy audits. They are 1) Gross, 2) Detailed, and 3) Walk-Through Survey. Unfortunately, the literature seldom distinguishes between the three resulting in some confusion.

This paper helps clear that confusion by defining each type, giving examples of their application, and presenting directions or guidelines. Forms for each type of audit are included with the examples.

The forms and instructions have been developed under a program at Oklahoma State University designed to research and disseminate information to help industry better weather …

Energy Recovery From Organic Residues By Fluidized-Bed Combustion, V. F. Batson, L. G. Gale, W. L. Hurt, J. W. Stallings, C. M. Young

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The merits and drawbacks of energy recovery from organic residues by means of fluidized-bed combustion are discussed. A series of analytical laboratory tests are suggested as a means of analyzing potential fuels for combustion. Finally, a number of potential fuels are described, along with problems which may be encountered in the commercial application of energy recovery from the sample fuels.

The Role Of The Energy Audit In Reducing Building Energy Consumption, William T. Snyder, Frederick W. Symonds, Richard J. Jendrucko

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The application of the energy audit process to the reduction of energy consumption in buildings is described. A methodology for selecting from an inventory of buildings those buildings which are candidates for a detailed energy audit is presented, and the analysis of energy consumption and cost savings resulting from implementation of energy conservation opportunities (ECO's) is detailed. A practical payback period formula is presented which includes escalating energy costs. The audit and analysis procedures are illustrated by two case studies.

The Role Of The Energy Manager, Charles E. Dorgan

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper sets forth the general responsibilities of the energy manager. The role the energy manager plays in making an energy management program successful is the main emphasis. Several lists have been developed to illustrate the diverse role of the energy manager.

Burning Wood As A Supplement To Solid Waste, Andrew R. Banta, William P. Smith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The University of Kansas at Lawrence uses natural gas and oil to generate steam for heating and other campus needs. The projected price increase of these fuels has led to a study of burning solid waste and wood. This study discusses the technical and economic considerations of burning wood. Topics included are sources and availability, collection and transportation, preparation and burning, and environmental effects. It is concluded that sufficient wood is available; truck transport is the only feasible option; drying some wood is desirable; and that the burning can be done separately or directly with the solid waste.

An Analysis Of Investments In Residential Energy Conservation In Southeast Missouri, Ralph Gunderson

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study examines the economic feasibility of residential solar heating. Climatic and economic variables used in this report represent those of Cape Girardeau, Missouri. An annual cost model is used to determine the conditions under which solar heating achieves a reduced annual cost of heating relative to gas and electric heating systems.

Combining Solar Heating With A Wood Burning Furnace, Kenneth Bechtold, William E. Stewart Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The objective is to minimize the use of high-cost heating fuels in rural areas with the assistance of a wood burning furnace and a solar collector.

It was discovered that when the output of a wood burning furnace can be diverted into a solar storage battery, more useful heat can be supplied to a house with little extra inconvenience to the homeowner. The total amortized system of the wood burning furnace combined with the solar system will be less than if the systems were operated independently.

Energy Evaluation And Component Characterization Data In A Residential Solar Monitoring Program, Gene E. Kouba, William P. Moran, Bruce V. Ketcham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The initial phase of performance analysis, data acquisition system development and short term component characterization of a two year residential solar energy monitoring program are presented. The purpose of the monitoring program is to accumulate both short and long term performance data which would be useful in optimizing system operation, determining possible improvements to the system configuration, validating simulation methods for predicting performance, and estimating the economics of the system.

Industrial Energy Conservation Through Boiler Operation Efficiency Improvement, Dupree Maples, G. D. Whitehouse

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A method of determining the minimum amount of oxygen in the flue gas which results in the most efficient combustion is discussed. Results of field test are presented. The magnitude of the stack gas losses is dependent on the stack gas composition determined by the fuel and quantity of excess air and the stack temperature.