Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Tfr 16.2 Full Issue

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Executive Summaries

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

A Philanthropic Theory Of Systems Transformation For Advancing Equity In The Polycrisis, Michael Quinn Patton, Ruth Richardson

The Foundation Review

The term “polycrisis” calls attention to overlapping, mutually reinforcing, and potentially disastrous trends and crises that are interconnected, like climate change, increasing global inequities, widespread disinformation, pandemic dangers, the ravages of war, and pollution of land, air, and water. Vulnerable and marginalized populations are most directly affected by the intensifying problems that are manifested in the polycrisis.

This article, on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of The Foundation Review, invites readers to ponder the risks posed by the polycrisis and how philanthropy might look beyond business as usual to respond to those risks. We review the evolution of philanthropic …

What Practices For Shifting Power Are Core To Advancing Racial Equity?, Kantahyanee W. Murray, Ji Won Shon, Ashley Barnes, Natalia Ibanez, Karuna Sridharan Chibber, Janelle Armstrong-Brown, Elvis Fraser

The Foundation Review

Power-shifting approaches are increasingly being recognized as practical solutions funders can employ to amplify the voice and agency of grant partners and communities, especially those historically under-resourced and marginalized.

Informed by a literature review and interviews with funders, grant partners, and thought leaders, this article describes four common practices for shifting power to advance equity: embed a racial equity lens into the process to shift power; demonstrate a genuine commitment to communities; give grant partners the power to define success; and embrace an internal systems change orientation.

This article explores the capabilities, mindsets, policies, skills, and resource considerations needed for …

Editorial, Hanh Cao Yu

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

Advocacy And Bridging Strategies Are Failing On Their Own. Multifaith Nonprofits Embody Six Solutions For A Pluralistic Democracy, Allison K. Ralph

The Foundation Review

This article clarifies a strategic dilemma between bridging difference or advocacy strategies for funders and their grantees seeking social change in the context of polarization, putting it in conversation with social science research on intergroup contact theory, on which bridging strategies are based, and advocacy. Based on a set of interviews and surveys, this article explores how multifaith organizations embody strategies that navigate the contact/advocacy divide.

This article posits that multifaith organizations — those intentionally formed of people or institutions with different faith identities — embody six practices that avoid the false dichotomy of bridging and advocacy strategies: “dual identity” …

Seeding Impact: Shifting From Orchestration To Emergence, Marilyn Darling, Veena Pankaj

The Foundation Review

The 2016 Foundation Review article “Emergent Learning: A Framework for Whole-System Strategy, Learning and Adaptation” talked about what an emergent strategy promises — to create a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. Has this prediction played out in practice? Since it appeared in 2016, what has the growing community of Emergent Learning practitioners learned about what it takes to seed and grow impact?

This article addresses those questions, drawing on interviews with Emergent Learning Community members to illustrate what EL looks like in practice and how it is producing results that are emergent in nature. It …

Strategy For Now, Jara Dean-Coffey, Jill Casey

The Foundation Review

We are in a profound period of understanding who we are as a people, past and present. This applies to practices held as core to how society operates. If we are to thrive as a species, the present and future necessitate reimagining the structures, systems, and conventions that limit some and thus us all. This includes not defaulting to control, competition, and certainty as we navigate circumstances we created.

Amid growing desires to integrate and embody practices aligned with equity, emergence, and complexity, concepts and points of view that dominate business continue to lead conversations about strategy formation in philanthropy …

A Systems And Innovation Approach To Attune Grantmaking For Early Childhood To What Matters Most At The Point Of Service, Wally Patawaran

The Foundation Review

This article discusses how and why The JPB Foundation, a nationally focused private philanthropy in the United States, promoted multistakeholder innovations as it evolved its strategy for early childhood health equity. Through coordinated grantmaking, its cross-sector partnerships over the past decade shifted the science, clinical practice, and public discourse on early life stress.

Building on field learning and trusted relationships, JPB and its partners paved the way for a reimagined paradigm of care that brings ecosystem stakeholders together to overcome competing frictions inhibiting their mutual flourishing. Working collaboratively with grantees as their champion and thought partner, JPB formulated an agenda …

Enticing Institutions To Become More Inclusive And Responsive: Lessons From The Colorado Health Foundation’S Locally Focused Work, Douglas Easterling, Jehan Benton-Clark, Scott Downes, Phillip Chung

The Foundation Review

Equity-focused foundations have generally sought to change institutions, systems, and structures through advocacy, policy change, and community organizing — either on their own or by supporting activist organizations. This article examines an alternative philanthropic strategy: directly engaging and supporting the institutions that need to become more diverse, inclusive, and responsive to the communities they should be serving.

The Colorado Health Foundation has “enticed institutions” as one element of its Locally Focused Work effort, launched in four Colorado communities in 2017. With LFW, program officers actively seek to build supportive relationships with a wide range of community-based organizations and actors who …

Front And Back Matter

The Foundation Review

No abstract provided.

The Weight Of Power: Reframing Evaluation In Philanthropy To Amplify The Voices Of Communities Of Color, Martena Reed, Blanca Flor Guillen-Woods, Kantahyanee W. Murray, Dabney Brice, Ashley Barnes, Liza Mueller

The Foundation Review

Philanthropy’s current structure and practices perpetuate a relationship with nonprofits led by people of color that can keep foundations removed from the work and keep these nonprofits fighting to stay effective and sustainable. When equitable and responsive strategies to support grant partners are implemented, however, relationships and power begin to shift.

This article explores the complexities of philanthropy’s relationship with POC-led nonprofit and grassroots organizations as mediated by evaluation and reporting practices. By critically analyzing these practices and power dynamics within philanthropy, it aims to uncover the root causes of disparities and establish a basis for creating pathways toward greater …

Resourcing Transformational Strategies: How Funding With The Right Timescales, Places, And Relationships Can Advance Multiracial Feminist Democracy, Lauren Jacobs, Elly Matsumura, Rachel Rosner, Eric Wat

The Foundation Review

This article explores how philanthropy can support movement organizations and networks organizing for long-term power building that transforms who holds governing power. PowerSwitch Action, a network of influential regional advocacy and organizing groups in the U.S., draws on a recent evaluation that laid out key elements of its approach to the work to share learnings in hopes that they will benefit both other movement organizations and the philanthropic sector that provides critical backing to the field.

Specifically, the article identifies three recommendations for funders: 1) support long-term efforts to shift governing power rather than expecting quick victories; 2 recognize how …

Mapping The Threat Environment Of Southern California’S Elected Officials, John Porten, Rachel Locke

Kroc IPJ Research and Resources

Are threats towards and harassment of public officials a problem? Some characterize the issue as one of free speech; strenuous criticism of local officials is required for democracy to function. Others argue that local elected officials and the media are simply seeking attention or blowing a small problem out of proportion. In other spaces, the case is made that democracy in America is broken, that governance at the local level can no longer function, and that security risks are rampant. Those studying the issue have gathered data that point to more insidious effects, including the disenfranchisement of voters, shifting representation …

Construction Contracting In The Zero Emission Transportation Sector: Evidence From Underrepresented Businesses, Gökçe Soydemir, Orestis P. Panagopoulos

Mineta Transportation Institute

This study investigates the degree to which underrepresented construction contractors face challenges in California's zero-emission transportation sector to devise a simpler and more efficient bonding structure. Using a survey dispersed over underrepresented businesses across the state, the study provides several suggestions for a statewide bonding program that caters to the needs of contractors. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used in the study. The survey data are evaluated using econometric tools to analyze whether there are any statistically significant associations between contractors' characteristics and their industry experiences. Focus groups and focused interviews are conducted to identify those perspectives the survey …

Are California’S Local Jurisdictions Disproportionately Directing Growth Toward Existing Disadvantaged Communities? Evidence From The Southern California And San Francisco Bay Area Regions, Shishir Mathur, Christopher Ferrell

Mineta Transportation Institute

Communities across the United States are striving to promote smart urban growth through compact urban infill residential development. They are doing so to mitigate sprawl's negative fiscal, environmental, social, and physical impacts, strengthen land use-housing-transportation linkages, and develop at densities needed for well-functioning public transit. Some states, such as California, have gone a step further by linking compact urban infill development as critical to meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets. Anecdotal evidence suggests some California local jurisdictions are planning disproportionately large amounts of new urban development in disadvantaged communities (DACs). However, empirical evidence is lacking. This study aims to fill …

Artificial Intelligence For Pedestrian And Bicyclist Safety: Using Ai To Detect Near-Miss Collisions, Mohammad Pourhomayoun

Mineta Transportation Institute

Near-Miss Collisions are events that, with a slight change in position or timing, could have resulted in a collision, which could have caused severe injury or property damage. Understanding near-miss collisions can help identify risks and potentially improve road safety. In this project, we developed an effective end-to-end system based on advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models and computer vision algorithms to detect and report near-miss collisions as an important indicator to identify and measure safety risks, especially in specific circumstances such as a right turn on a red light. The main objective is to improve the safety of pedestrians and …

Measurement And Prediction Of Transit System Performance Using Probe Data Generated Through Dsrc And Non-Dsrc Technologies, Gregory L. Newmark

Mineta Transportation Institute

This research explores the application of two different probe data standards to transit performance measurement. The first section chronicles the proposed and implemented transit uses of dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) technologies during the two decades between the standard’s emergence and its announced sunset. The research finds that, despite proposed applications across safety, operation, and information domains, DSRC never became embedded in transit operations. By contrast, the general transit feed specification (GTFS) standard with its real-time (RT) extension has been widely embraced and offers the potential to use the associated VehiclePosition messages as probe data to generate detailed transit performance metrics. …

Racial Equity, Diversity And Inclusion In Bioethics: Recommendations From The Association Of Bioethics Program Directors Presidential Task Force, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Alexis Walker, Shawneequa L Callier, Faith E Fletcher, Charlene Galarneau, Nanibaa' Garrison, Jennifer E James, Renee Mcleod-Sordjan, Ubaka Ogbogu, Nneka Sederstrom, Patrick T Smith, Clarence H Braddock, Christine Mitchell

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Recent calls to address racism in bioethics reflect a sense of urgency to mitigate the lethal effects of a lack of action. While the field was catalyzed largely in response to pivotal events deeply rooted in racism and other structures of oppression embedded in research and health care, it has failed to center racial justice in its scholarship, pedagogy, advocacy, and practice, and neglected to integrate anti-racism as a central consideration. Academic bioethics programs play a key role in determining the field's norms and practices, including methodologies, funding priorities, and professional networks that bear on equity, inclusion, and epistemic justice. …

Update On Recommendations For Surveillance For Children With Predisposition To Hematopoietic Malignancy, Luke D Maese, Marcin W Wlodarski, Sun Young Kim, Alison A Bertuch, Gaelle Bougeard, Vivian Y Chang, Lucy A Godley, Payal P Khincha, Roland P Kuiper, Harry Lesmana, Rose B Mcgee, Lisa J Mcreynolds, Julia Meade, Sharon E Plon, Sharon A Savage, Sarah R Scollon, Hamish S Scott, Michael F Walsh, Kim E Nichols, Christopher C Porter

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Children harboring certain germline gene variants have an increased risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and other hematopoietic malignancies (HM), such as leukemias and lymphomas. Recent studies have identified an expanding number of these predisposition genes, with variants most prevalent in children with MDS but also found in children with other HM. For some hematopoietic malignancy predispositions (HMP), specifically those with a high risk of MDS, early intervention through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can favorably impact overall survival, providing a rationale for rigorous surveillance. A multidisciplinary panel of experts at the 2023 AACR Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop reviewed the latest …

“The Truth Should Not Be Hidden”: Experiences And Recommendations Of Individuals Making Npe Discoveries Through Genetic Genealogy Databases, Olivia Schuman, Caroline Beit, Jill Oliver Robinson, Whitney Bash Brooks, Amy L Mcguire, Christi Guerrini

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: Fueled by direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing and genetic-relative finder services, some participants in genetic genealogy databases are making "not parent expected" (NPE) discoveries. To better understand experiences of this phenomenon, we surveyed a large cohort of users of genetic relative finder (GRF) services concerning their experiences after an NPE discovery.

Methods: Using thematic analysis, we analyzed responses from a cohort of GRF users (n = 646) to open-ended survey items to understand these experiences and their recommendations for DTC genetic testing companies and other GRF users.

Results: We found that individuals had both positive and negative emotional experiences related …

Applying A Health Equity Lens To Better Understand End-Of-Life Prognostication, Newsha Nikzad, Joelle Robertson-Preidler, Faith E Fletcher

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Racial and ethnic inequity exists throughout the lifespan, including at the end of life (EOL). Although prognostication is inherently fraught with uncertainty, many underrepresented minorities get prognoses that are overly optimistic, which can exacerbate inequity by depriving patients of details needed to make informed decisions and plan for EOL care. This article applies a health equity lens to facilitate better ethical and clinical understandings of how to care for patients of color more equitably at the EOL.

The Role Of Policy Entrepreneurs In Understanding Oral Health Care Policy: A Case Study Approach Analyzing Multiple Streams Framework In Nc Oral Health Policy, Lori Gordon Hendrick

School of Public Service Theses & Dissertations

The United States Surgeon General has defined oral diseases as a “silent epidemic” that affects the most vulnerable citizens. More often, this includes those from low socio-economic backgrounds, children, elderly, and many members of ethnic minority groups. Although preventative and treatment modalities have improved over the past fifty years, some Americans continue to have little to no access to educational and preventative programs. The lack of access to dental care for all ages and oral health care literacy remains one of the largest health concerns for American citizens making it a “wicked problem”. Historically, raising Medicaid enrollment has failed to …

A Quantitative Study Assessing The Impact Of Financial Sector Safeguards Rules On Us Publicly Traded Companies' Cybersecurity Breach Frequency And Severity, Alan Dinerman

School of Public Service Theses & Dissertations

Cybersecurity failure in the private sector is a growing federal policy priority. Nevertheless, US policy makers struggle with policy instrumentation in this domain. Behavioral public policy theory asserts that a linkage exists between policy target behavioral & cultural attributes and effective policy tool instrumentation. The federal government is now embracing a regulation heavy approach, but little empirical study exists at the nexus of behavioral public policy theory and use of regulatory tools in the cybersecurity policy domain. Since the early 2000s, the financial sector has employed a regulation heavy approach using the Safeguards regulations to facilitate cybersecurity in financial private …

Documented Newborn Hearing Screenings In Florida Administrative Hospital Data: State Policy Compliance By Hospital Types, Teresa Anthony, Blake Barrett, Adam Brown, Jessica Ryan

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

Purpose: Florida policy mandates newborn hearing screenings (NBHS) in hospitals. U.S. inpatient administrative hospital data reflects low rates of documented screenings. This analysis investigates inconsistencies between Florida policy and administrative records.

Method: Analysis of Florida statutory language was completed. Florida hospital administrative data was retrospectively analyzed using various statistical methods to explore differences in proportions of documented NBHS among distinct hospital types based on profit and teaching statuses.

Results: Florida mandate requires NBHS completion in the hospital prior to discharge from the birth facility or within 21 days after birth and allows for billing a third-party payer. …

تفعيل تطبيق تقنيات المحاسبة القضائية للتخلص من ممارسات الاحتيال المحاسبي في الدوائر الحكومية, ميثم نعمة عبيد

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

يسعى البحث الى تحقيق هدفه في تسليط الضوء على تقنيات المحاسبة القضائية للحد من ممارسات الاحتيال المحاسبي الحاصلة في الوحدات الحكومية العراقية، اذ تتمثل مشكلة البحث في ضعف نظام الرقابة المطبق في تلك الوحدات وعدم قدرته في الكشف عن حالات التلاعب والاحتيال سواء في الجانب المالي او الإداري واستند البحث على فرضيتين رئيسيتين لقياس علاقة الارتباط والتأثير بين تطبيق تقنيات المحاسبة القضائية الحد من عمليات الاحتيال المحاسبي. وتم اثبات صحة الفرضيات عن طريق نتائج التحليلات الإحصائية لإجابات عينة البحث بالاعتماد على استمارة الاستبيان التي خصصت لهذا الغرض اذ تم جمع وتحليل بيانات الاستقصاء لآراء عينة من الموظفين والأكاديميين ذوي الاختصاص …

العلاقة بين المساءلة المدركة والقلق في مكان العمل: الدور التفاعلي للتمكين النفسي, علي عصام لطيف, عدنان رحيم نور, علي عبد الرزاق لفته

Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences

تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى اختبار العلاقة بين المساءلة المدركة والقلق في مكان العمل من خلال الدور التفاعلي للتمكين النفسي، إذ حاولت تقديم إطار نظري لأهم ما عرضه الكتاب والباحثون حول متغيرات الدراسة، إلى جانب إطار عملي تحليلي لآراء (131) من العاملين في مصرف الرشيد فرع الديوانية. وقد تم التعبير عن المساءلة المدركة بوصفها متغيراً مستقلاً احادي البعد، فيما تم التعبير عن التمكين النفسي بوصفه متغيراً تفاعلياً يضم أربعة أبعاد هي (معنى العمل، المقدرة، الاستقلالية، والتأثير)٬ في حين تم التعبير عن القلق في مكان العمل بعِّده متغيراً معتمداً احادي البعد. واعتمد الباحث الاستبانة أداة رئيسة لقياس متغيرات الدراسة والتي تتكون من …

Implementation Of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Excise Policy And Its Implications In Various Countries: Literature Review, Roissiana Khotami, Vetty Yulianty, Ratih Oktarina

Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration

The prevalence of diabetes in the world is projected to continue to increase to 643 million in 2030. Indonesia is ranked 7th with the highest number of diabetes mellitus sufferers and the only one in Southeast Asia with a total of 10.7 million sufferers. Consumption of sweetened drinks is the most dominant factor in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. Indonesia ranks third highest in Southeast Asia in sweetened drink consumption. Excise on sweetened drinks is an effective intervention to reduce consumption of sweetened drinks, but Indonesia has not yet implemented it. This research aims to determine the implementation …

A Novel Approach To Evaluate Seatbelt Non-Compliance Of Drivers In New Jersey, Md Arifuzzaman Nayeem

Theses and Dissertations

This study intends to investigate the non-compliant behavior of drivers with seatbelt use in New Jersey. By examining various factors such as temporal and roadway characteristics, this study seeks to identify the underlying causes of this seatbelt non-compliance behavior. To overcome the limitations of traditional methods like cross-sectional data collection, a novel approach known as moving vehicle method was employed. To gain further insights, hypothesis tests were performed across the entire dataset to pinpoint significant temporal, roadway, and geometric factors contributing to non-compliant behaviors. In the subsequent step, the association of other risky behaviors like speeding and distracted driving with …

Unconditional Cash Transfer Policy As An Effort To Prevent Stunting: A Study On Jember, East Java, Allen Pranata Putra, Sri Juni Woro Astuti, Kabiru Hannafi Ibrahim

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

This study evaluates the impact of the Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) policy in preventing stunting in Jember, East Java. Stunting, a result of chronic malnutrition, remains a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, with Jember exhibiting higher prevalence rates than the national average. The UCT policy aims to improve the welfare of low-income families by providing direct financial assistance, allowing them to meet basic needs, including nutrition. This research utilizes a qualitative approach through case studies and interviews with relevant stakeholders to assess the effectiveness of UCT in enhancing children's nutrition and health. The findings indicate that while UCT has …