Nuclear Commons^™

Calculating Centrality Variables And Geometric Quantities Associated With High Energy Pb+Pb And Au+Au Collisions Using A Monte Carlo Glauber Model, Anya Wolterman

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

The Glauber model provides insight into the initial state of nuclear collisions by treating them in terms of the interactions between their constituent nucleons, in accordance with theories about the scattering of composite particles. These phenomenological techniques are commonly used to determine various geometric quantities associated with such complex, femtoscopic many-body systems. The Monte Carlo Glauber approach uses a random impact parameter and measured nuclear densities to investigate quantifiable properties like particle multiplicity and average geometric eccentricity for heavy ion collisions. The former involves incorporating a particle production model to plot the total transverse energy or the number of particles …

About Calculation Of Characteristics Of The Single-Particle States Of The Deformed Nuclei In The Woods-Saxon Potential. Software Package, Joseph Sharonov, Anatoliy Ivanov

Scientific Journal of Samarkand University

Adaptation of CALDNU and MATREL programs of JINR (Dubna) for calculation of characteristics of the single-particle states in the deformed nuclei and calculation of the single-particle matrix elements of the spin-multipole and multipole-multipole operators for the modern personal computers is made. Translation from Fortran-CERN to Fortran PowerStation version 4.0 is made. Additions are made to the program MATREL for calculation of matrix elements of the j² operator.

Monte Carlo Simulations Of Ultracold Neutron Velocities, Isaiah Cox

Undergraduate Honors Theses

An electric dipole moment (EDM) in the neutron would indicate a source of CP-violation that is needed to explain the dominance of matter over antimatter in the universe. Several experiments are currently looking for a neutron EDM and so far, the value has been constrained to d_n 1.8 x10 ²⁶ ecm. Presented here is work supporting the nEDM experiment at Los Alamos National Laboratory which utilizes ultracold neutrons (UCNs) and Ramsey’s separated oscillating fields method. In such an experiment, it is important to understand the velocity of the neutrons due to false EDM signals that can be pro- duced …

A Consistent Classical Relativistic Model Of A Finite Size Particle, Mira Varma

Honors Scholar Theses

An exactly solvable classical field theoretical model of a stable particle of finite size is studied. The model consists of a "swarm" of matter particles bound by an interplay of three static fields: one electromagnetic field, a massive scalar field, and a massive vector field. The internal forces due to the three fields balance each other to form a stable particle. The model parameters can be chosen such that the described particle has the mass and radius of a proton. The model qualitatively reproduces the pressure distribution inside a proton in agreement with recent experimental findings.

Hdr Brachytherapy For Skin Cancer Using H.A.M. Applicator, Timothy Richard Thatcher

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Skin cancer is the most common type of malignancy affecting both men and women in the United States. A majority of these cases are nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The goal of any skin cancer treatment is to cure the lesion itself while also preserving function and optimizing superficial cosmesis. High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy provides an alternative to superficial x-ray or electron beam for skin cancer treatment. Utilizing an Iridium 192 source soldered to the end of a wire, surface dose can be administered at predetermined positions with sharper …

396— Radioactive Decay Calibrations Of Rics Using 41 Ar, Emily Vanderbilt, Nicole Gindling

GREAT Day Posters

The short-lived isotope-counting system (SLIC) being built for the OMEGA laser facility at LLE requires gaseous radioisotopes for calibration purposes. Using a Plutonium-Beryllium (Pu-Be) source at SUNY Geneseo, 41Ar was made by capturing thermal neutrons via the 40Ar(n,gamma) reaction. Once activated, 41Ar beta decays, producing an electron with endpoint energy of 1.198 MeV. The daughter product is found to be the second excited state of 41K 99.1% of the time. This decays to the ground state and emits a 1.293 MeV gamma ray. To accurately measure the beta activity of 41Ar, the Gamma-X system at Geneseo is used as a …

293— Moly - Monitoring Oxygen Levels In Ntof Scintillators Using Cosmic Ray Muons, Sean King, Matthew Signor

GREAT Day Posters

High Energy Density Physics and Inertial Confinement Fusion facilities employ nTOF methods to measure neutron energies. Laser induced fusion facilities use the beam pulse as a start signal and Xylene scintillators as the stop signal to obtain the time of flight. To improve timing performance, the scintillator liquid is quenched with oxygen reducing the light production. However, oxygen reacts with the scintillator liquid causing the detector photo flash decay time to increase that reduces the energy resolution of the detector. An in-situ monitoring system which uses cosmic ray muons to determine the oxygen concentration, is being developed at SUNY Geneseo. …

Heavy Quark Expansion For Heavy-Light Light-Cone Operators, Shuai Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We generalize the celebrated heavy quark expansion to nonlocal QCD operators. By taking nonlocal heavy-light current on the light-cone as an example, we confirm that the collinear singularities are common between QCD operator and the corresponding operator in heavy quark effective theory (HQET), at the leading power of 1/M expansion. Based on a perturbative calculation in operator form at one-loop level, a factorization formula linking QCD and HQET operators is investigated and the matching coefficient is determined. The matching between QCD and HQET light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) as well as other momentum distributions of hadron can be derived as …

Author Correction: Closing The Nuclear Fuel Cycle With A Simplified Minor Actinide Lanthanide Separation Process (Alsep) And Additive Manufacturing, Artem V. Gelis, Peter Kozak, Andrew T. Breshears, M. Alex Brown, Cari Launiere, Emily L. Campbell, Gabriel B. Hall, Tatiana G. Levitskaia, Vanessa E. Holfeltz, Gregg J. Lumetta

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

No abstract provided.

Stellar Nucleosynthesis: Direct Measurement Of The Neutron-Capture Cross Sections Of Stable Germanium Isotopes And Design Of A Next Generation Ion Trap For The Study Of Beta-Delayed Neutron Emission, Alexander Laminack

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Knowledge of stellar nuclear reaction rates is critical to understanding the cosmic origins of the abundances of elements. In order to determine these reaction rates, accurate measurements of nuclear cross sections are needed. This thesis presents the results of an experiment to directly measure the neutron capture cross sections of 70-Ge, 72-Ge, 74-Ge, and 76-Ge. These measurements were performed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science CEnter (LANSCE) using the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE). This is the first direct measurement for many of these isotopes across the neutron energy spectrum of 10 eV to 1 MeV using the …

Effects Of Energy Resolution And Bin Size On The Measurements Of Nuclear Neutron Distributions Using Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering, Hongyong Zhang

Honors Theses

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering is a process that involves the neutral-current scattering of a neutrino with an entire nucleus, which probes more bulk properties of the nucleus. Using the Taylor expansion of the form factors and calculation of effective moments that sums over isotopes, we successfully simulate the events for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering for detectors using Ar and Ge and demonstrate that coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering can determine both the second moment and the fourth moment. Running the Monte Carlo simulation using a detector filled with 10 tonnes of natural germanium, a neutrino flux of 3*10^7 neutrinos per second …

Decreasing Uncertainty In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements Through The Application Of Pappus Chains, Ryan Williams

Honors Theses and Capstones

To make further advancements in nuclear polarization, the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Group at the University of New Hampshire requires an accurate measurement of the polarization of their materials. Through a non-traditional method of data analysis, the uncertainty in this polarization measurement via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was reduced. To extract the polarization, we measure an NMR signal through the real impedance of our circuitry, whose area is proportional to the polarization. However, our signal size depends on how in-tune our circuitry is with a specific frequency, with the signal growing smaller the less in-tune it becomes. A new method of …

Characterization Of Neutron Irradiated Accident Tolerant Nuclear Fuel Cladding Silicon Carbide & Radiation Detector Deadtime, Bader Almutairi

Doctoral Dissertations

“In part I, the pulse shape characteristics generated by a Geiger Muller (GM) detector and recorded by an oscilloscope manually, were investigated. The objective of part I was (1) to find a correlation between pulse shape and the operating voltage; and (2) to assess if pulse shape properties followed distinct patterns comparable to detector deadtime findings reported by a previous study. It was observed that (1) there is a strong correlation between pulse shape and operating voltage, and (2) pulse shape falls in three distinct regions similar to detector deadtime. Furthermore, parts II and III are companions and share the …

Remark On Lehnert’S Revised Quantum Electrodynamics (Rqed) As An Alternative To Francesco Celani’S Et Al. Maxwell-Clifford Equations: With An Outline Of Chiral Cosmology Model And Its Role To Cmns, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Yunita Umniyati

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In a recent paper published in JCMNS in 2017, Francesco Celani, Di Tommaso & Vassalo argued that Maxwell equations rewritten in Clifford algebra are sufficient to describe the electron and also ultra-dense deuterium reaction process proposed by Homlid et al. Apparently, Celani et al. believed that their Maxwell-Clifford equations are an excellent candidate to surpass both Classical Electromagnetic and Zitterbewegung QM. Meanwhile, in a series of papers, Bo Lehnert proposed a novel and revised version of Quantum Electrodynamics (RQED) based on Proca equations. Therefore, in this paper, we gave an outline of Lehnert’s RQED, as an alternative framework to Celani …

Improving Inverse Compton Sources By Avoiding Non-Linearities, B. Terzić, G. A. Krafft, V. Petrillo, I. Drebot, M. Ruijter

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a new, more nuanced understanding of non-linear effects in inverse Compton sources. Deleterious non-linear effects can arise even at low laser intensities, a regime previously viewed as linear. After laying out a survey of non-linear phenomena which degrade the effectiveness of inverse Compton sources, we discuss two powerful techniques designed to avoid these non-linearities. Starting with the known technique of non-linear longitudinal chirping of the laser pulse in the high laser field regime, we show that the simple stretching of the laser pulse, while keeping the energy constant, can significantly increase the spectral density of the scattered radiation …

Origin Of Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetries In High-Energy Collisions, Justin Cammarota, Leonard Gamberg, Zhong-Bo Kang, Joshua A. Miller, Daniel Pitonyak, Alexei Prokudin, Ted C. Rogers, Nobuo Sato

Physics Faculty Publications

In this paper, we perform the first simultaneous QCD global analysis of data from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, Drell-Yan, 𝑒⁺⁢𝑒⁻ annihilation into hadron pairs, and proton-proton collisions. Consequently, we are able to extract a universal set of nonperturbative functions that describes the observed asymmetries in these reactions. The outcome of our analysis indicates single transverse-spin asymmetries in high-energy collisions have a common origin. Furthermore, we achieve the first phenomenological agreement with lattice QCD on the up and down quark tensor charges.

Jeopardy Update On E12-06-106: Rg-D Experiment Study Of Color Transparency In Exclusive Vector Meson Electroproduction Off Nuclei, W. Armstrong, C. Ayerbe, W. Brooks, T. Chetry, R. Dupré, D. Dutta, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, S. Joosten, J. Kim, K. Hafidi, M. Hattawy, M. Holtrop, J. Lopez, Z. -E. Meziani, T. Mineeva, B. Mustapha, C. Peng, L. Weinstein, J. Xie

Physics Faculty Publications

Experiment E12-06-106 (RG-D) aims to study the color transparency (CT) phenomenon in the exclusive diffractive p⁰ electro-production off nuclei, using the CLAS-12 spectrometer in Hall-B. This experiment was endorsed by PAC30 back in 2006 and was reviewed by PAC36 in 2010 [1], at which time it was approved for 60 PAC days and granted the B⁺ rating.

CT is one of the underlying properties of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) related to the presence of color degrees of freedom in the strongly interacting matter. It refers to the suppression of interactions of the colorless small size configuration in the nuclear …

Probing Few-Body Nuclear Dynamics Via ³H And ³He (E E'P) Pn Cross-Section Measurements, R. Cruz-Torres, F. Hauenstein, D. Bulumulla, C. Hyde, M. Khachatryan, M.N.H. Rashad, L.B. Weinstein, Et. Al., Jefferson Lab Hall A. Tritium Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We report the first measurement of the (e, e'p) three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 (³He) and tritium (³H) at large momentum transfer [< Q²> ≈ 1.9 (GeV/c)²] and x_B> 1 kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta 40 ≤ p_miss ≤ 500 MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab initio calculations. Overall …

Generalized Contact Formalism Analysis Of The ⁴He(E,E′Pn) Reaction, J.R. Pybus, I. Korover, R. Weiss, A. Schmidt, N. Barnea, D.W. Higinbotham, E. Piasetzky, M. Strikman, L. B. Weinstein, O. Hen

Physics Faculty Publications

Measurements of short-range correlations in exclusive ⁴He (e , e ′ p N) reactions are analyzed using the Generalized Contact Formalism (GCF). We consider both instant-form and light-cone formulations with both the AV18 and local N2LO(1.0) nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials. We find that kinematic distributions, such as the reconstructed pair opening angle, recoil neutron momentum distribution, and pair center of mass motion, as well as the measured missing energy, missing mass distributions, are all well reproduced by GCF calculations. The missing momentum dependence of the measured ⁴He (e , e ′ p N) /⁴He (e , e …

Results On Total And Elastic Cross Sections In Proton–Proton Collisions At √S = 200 Gev, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, S. Bueltmann, Z. Zhu, M. Zyzak, Et Al., Star Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We report results on the total and elastic cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √s = 200 GeV obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section was measured in the squared four-momentum transfer range 0.045 ≤ −t ≤ 0.135 GeV². The value of the exponential slope parameter B of the elastic differential cross section dσ/dt ∼ e^−Bt in the measured −t range was found to be B = 14.32 ± 0.09 (stat.)^+0.13_−0.28(syst.) GeV⁻². The total cross section σ_tot, obtained from …

Chiral Effective Field Theory Calculations Of Weak Transitions In Light Nuclei, G.B. King, L. Andreoli, S. Pastore, M. Piarulli, R. Schiavilla, R.B. Wiringa, J. Carlson, S. Gandolfi

Physics Faculty Publications

We report quantum Monte Carlo calculations of weak transitions in A 10 nuclei, based on the Norfolk two-and three-nucleon chiral interactions, and associated one-and two-body axial currents. We find that the contribution from two-body currents is at the 2-3% level, with the exception of matrix elements entering the rates of Li-8, B-8, and He-8 beta decay. These matrix elements are suppressed in impulse approximation based on the (leading order) Gamow Teller transition operator alone; two-body currents provide a 20-30% correction, which is, however, insufficient to bring theory in agreement with experimental data. For the other transitions, the agreement with the …

Novel Observation Of Isospin Structure Of Short-Range Correlations In Calcium Isotopes, D. Nguyen, Z. Ye, Lawrence Weinstein, X. Zheng, P. Zhu, R. Zielinski, Et Al., Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

Short-range correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high-momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final-state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from ⁴⁸Ca to ⁴⁰Ca in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs …

Photoproduction Of Η Mesons Off The Proton For 1.2 < EΓ < 4.7 Gev Using Clas At Jefferson Laboratory, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Gavalian, M. Hattawy, M. Khachatryan, J. Poudel, Y. Prok, J. Zhang, Z. W. Zhao, Et Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

Photoproduction cross sections are reported for the reaction γp→pη using energy-tagged photons and the CLAS spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory. The η mesons are detected in their dominant charged decay mode, η→π+π−π0, and results on differential cross sections are presented for incident photon energies between 1.2 and 4.7 GeV. These new η photoproduction data are consistent with earlier CLAS results but extend the energy range beyond the nucleon resonance region into the Regge regime. The normalized angular distributions are also compared with the experimental results from several other experiments, and with predictions of η-MAID 2018 and the latest solution of the …

Magnetic Structure And Radiative Captures Of Few-Nucleon Systems: Status And Prospects, Laura Elisa Marcucci, Rocco Schiavilla, Alex Gnech, Michele Viviani

Physics Faculty Publications

We review the main ingredients for an ab-initio study of few-nucleon reactions of astrophysical interest within the chiral effective field theory approach, with particular attention to radiative captures relevant for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution. We conclude with an outlook for ongoing and future work.

Ab Initio Study Of (𝜈ℓ, ℓ⁻) And (𝜈ℓ, ℓ⁺) Inclusive Scattering In 12C: Confronting The Miniboone And T2k Ccqe Data, A. Lovato, J. Carlson, S. Gandolfi, N. Rocco, R. Schiavilla

Physics Faculty Publications

We carry out an ab initio calculation of the neutrino flux-folded inclusive cross sections measured on ¹²C by the MiniBooNE and T2K Collaborations in the charged-current quasielastic regime. The calculation is based on realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions, and on a realistic nuclear electroweak current with one- and two-nucleon terms that are constructed consistently with these interactions and reproduce low-energy electroweak transitions. Numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo methods are utilized to compute the nuclear weak response functions, by fully retaining many-body correlations in the initial and final states and interference effects between one- and two-body current contributions. We employ a …

Evaluation Of The Activity Of Zn-65 Isotope And Radiation Dose Delivered To Drosophila Melanogaster, Wasiu Ajani Erinoso

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Radioactivity is a natural part of our environment. Ionizing radiation from radioactive materials can affect the life cycle of organisms; sometimes increase the rate of transition between cycle leading to the proliferation of cells as seen in some cancer cells or delay the rate of transition between cell cycle. A NaI detector is essential to determine the activity of a radioactive material. To determine the resolution of NaI detector and the efficiency of the geometry used for this experiment, quality control was done for NaI detector using 22Na reference source. The efficiency of the detector was used to verify the …

Neutron Valence Structure From Nuclear Deep Inelastic Scattering, E. P. Segarra, A. Schmidt, T. Kutz, D. W. Higinbotham, E. Piasetzky, M. Strikman, L. B. Weinstein, O. Hen

Physics Faculty Publications

Mechanisms of spin-flavor SU(6) symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are studied via an extraction of the free neutron structure function from a global analysis of deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data on the proton and on nuclei from A = 2 (deuterium) to 208 (lead). Modification of the structure function of nucleons bound in atomic nuclei (known as the EMC effect) are consistently accounted for within the framework of a universal modification of nucleons in short-range correlated (SRC) pairs. Our extracted neutron-to-proton structure function ratio Fⁿ₂/F^p₂ becomes constant for x_B ≥ 0.6, equaling 0.47 …

First Measurement Of Direct Photoproduction Of The A2(1320)⁰ Meson On The Proton, K.P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, D. Bullumulla, F. Hauenstein, M. Khachatryan, Y. Prok, Et Al., Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We present the first measurement of the reaction 𝛾p -> a₂(1320)⁰ p in the photon energy range 3.5-5.5 GeV and four-momentum transfer squared 0.2 < -t < 2.0 GeV². Data were collected with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The a₂resonance was detected by measuring the reaction 𝛾p → π⁰ηp and reconstructing the π⁰η invariant mass. The most prominent feature of the differential cross section is a dip at -t ≈ 0.55 GeV². This can be described in the framework of Regge phenomenology, where the exchange degeneracy hypothesis …

Study Of Cell Charging Effects For The Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Experiment At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Mark Broering

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

The neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) collaboration at the Spallation Neutron Source plans to use ultra-cold neutrons in superfluid helium to improve the nEDM limit by about two orders of magnitude. In this apparatus, neutrons are stored in poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, cells located in a strong, stable electric field. This electric field is produced by high voltage electrodes located outside of the neutron cells. Several sources generate charged particles inside the neutron cells. The electric field pulls these charges farther apart, attracting each to the oppositely charged electrode. As the charges build up on the cells walls, they create an …

The Pion Form Factor And Momentum And Angular Momentum Fractions Of The Proton In Lattice Qcd, Gen Wang

Theses and Dissertations--Physics and Astronomy

Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) provides a way to have a precise calculation and a new way of understanding the hadrons from first principles. From this perspective, this dissertation focuses first on a precise calculation of the pion form factor using overlap fermions on six ensembles of 2+1-flavor domain-wall configurations generated by the RBC/UKQCD collaboration with pion masses varying from 137 to 339 MeV. Taking advantage of the fast Fourier transform, low-mode substitution (LMS) and the multi-mass algorithm to access many combinations of source and sink momenta, we have done a simulation with various valence quark masses and with a range …