Nuclear Commons^™

Unfolding Particle Detector Effects And Solving Qcd Inverse Problem With Generative Ai, Tareq Saeed Alghamdi

Computer Science Theses & Dissertations

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized high-energy physics by enabling generative models to address key detector-related Challenges. This work explores the generative model to mitigate smearing, acceptance, and inefficiency in particle detectors, enhancing experimental precision.

We present a generative model-based framework to model and correct detector distortions. Using the Jefferson Lab CLAS g11 experiment as a case study, our approach successfully unfolds detector effects in multi-particle final states while preserving multidimensional correlations despite complex reaction mechanisms. A key focus is addressing the acceptance problem—accurately modeling detector acceptance without computationally expensive simulations. By training generative model-based framework on simulated detector …

The Present And Future Of Qcd, P. Achenbach, D. Adhikari, A. Afanasev, F. Afzal, C. A. Aidala, A. Al-Bataineh, D. K. Almaalol, M. Amaryan, D. Androić, W. R. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, E. C. Aschenauer, H. Atac, H. Avakian, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, M. Zurek, Et. Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming …

Artificial Intelligence For The Electron Ion Collider (Ai4eic), C. Allaire, R. Ammendola, E.-C. Aschenauer, M. Balandat, M. Battaglieri, J. Bernauer, M. Bondì, N. Branson, T. Britton, A. Butter, I. Chahrour, P. Chatagnon, E. Cisbani, E. W. Cline, S. Dash, C. Dean, W. Deconinck, A. Deshpande, M. Diefenthaler, R. Ent, C. Fanelli, M. Finger, M. Finger Jr., E. Fol, S. Furletov, Y. Gao, J. Giroux, N. C. Gunawardhana Waduge, O. Hassan, P. L. Hegde, R. J. Hernandez-Pinto, A. Hiller Blin, T. Horn, J. Huang, A. Jalotra, D. Jayakodige, B. Joo, M. Junaid, N. Kalantarians, P. Karande, B. Kriesten, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, Y. Li, M. Lin, F. Liu, S. Liuti, G. Matousek, M. Mceneaney, D. Mcspadden, T. Menzo, T. Miceli, V. Mikuni, R. Montgomery, B. Nachman, R. R. Nair, J. Niestroy, S. A. Ochoa Oregon, J. Oleniacz, J. D. Osborn, C. Paudel, C. Pecar, C. Peng, G. N. Perdue, W. Phelps, M. L. Purschke, H. Rajendran, K. Rajput, Y. Ren, D. F. Renteria-Estrada, D. Richford, B. J. Roy, D. Roy, A. Saini, N. Sato, T. Satogata, G. Sborlini, M. Schram, D. Shih, J. Singh, R. Singh, A. Siodmok, J. Stevens, P. Stone, L. Suarez, K. Suresh, A. -N. Tawfik, F. Torales Acosta, N. Tran, R. Trotta, F. J. Twagirayezu, R. Tyson, S. Volkova, A. Vossen, E. Walter, D. Whiteson, M. Williams, S. Wu, N. Zachariou, P. Zurita

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a state-of-the-art facility for studying the strong force, is expected to begin commissioning its first experiments in 2028. This is an opportune time for artificial intelligence (AI) to be included from the start at this facility and in all phases that lead up to the experiments. The second annual workshop organized by the AI4EIC working group, which recently took place, centered on exploring all current and prospective application areas of AI for the EIC. This workshop is not only beneficial for the EIC, but also provides valuable insights for the newly established ePIC collaboration at EIC. …

Inverse Mappers For Qcd Global Analysis, Manal Almaeen

Computer Science Theses & Dissertations

Inverse problems – using measured observations to determine unknown parameters – are well motivated but challenging in many scientific problems. Mapping parameters to observables is a well-posed problem with unique solutions, and therefore can be solved with differential equations or linear algebra solvers. However, the inverse problem requires backward mapping from observable to parameter space, which is often nonunique. Consequently, solving inverse problems is ill-posed and a far more challenging computational problem.

Our motivated application in this dissertation is the inverse problems in nuclear physics that characterize the internal structure of the hadrons. We first present a machine learning framework …

Removal Of Anisotropic Background From Neutral Pion And Tagged Direct Photon–Hadron Correlations Of Au+Au 200 Gev Collisions, Zachary Rowan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

A reaction plane dependent event mixing technique is developed to remove the collective background from two particle correlation measurements in heavy ion collisions. The method eliminates the need for any external flow measurements and is well suited for studying the path length dependence of particle production in quark-gluon plasma. Central to mid-central, as well as in vs out-of-plane, per neutral pion trigger integrated away-side hadron yield comparisons are made. Results suggest a significant path length dependent partonic energy loss in the medium. A tagging method is also introduced to measure the direct photon yield for various collision criteria. Direct photon …

Investigating Gluonic Operators In Coordinate Space, Wayne Henry Morris Iii

Physics Theses & Dissertations

In this dissertation, a method of extracting gluon momentum distributions inside hadrons, and particularly nucleons, is developed. In general, the utility and application of performing calculations in coordinate space at the operator level is discussed, and its application to the method of pseudodistributions in the lattice extraction of parton distributions. An introduction to the background field method and other techniques used in the calculation of corrections to gluon operators are provided. Then, an outline of the calculation of the uncontracted gluon bilocal operator at one-loop is given, and the result thereof. Using the result for the gluon bilocal operator restricted …

Searching For An Enhanced Signal Of The Onset Of Color Transparency In Baryons With D(E,E′P)N Scattering, Shujie Li, Carlos Yero, Jennifer Rittenhouse West, Clare Bennett, Wim Cosyn, Douglas Higinbotham, Misak Sargsian, Holly Szumila-Vance

Physics Faculty Publications

Observation of the onset of color transparency in baryons would provide a new means of studying the nuclear strong force and would be the first clear evidence of baryons transforming into a color-neutral point-like size in the nucleus as predicted by quantum chromodynamics. Recent C (e, e′p) results from electron-scattering did not observe the onset of color transparency (CT) in protons up to spacelike four-momentum transfers squared, Q² = 14.2 GeV ² . The traditional methods of searching for CT in (e, e′p) scattering use heavy targets favoring kinematics with already initially reduced final state interactions (FSIs) such that …

Small-X Qcd Calculations With A Biased Ensemble, Gary Kapilevich

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In this dissertation, I will argue that we can study functional fluctuations in unintegrated gluon distributions, in the MV model as well as JIMWLK, using reweighting techniques, which will allow me to calculate QCD observables with "biased ensembles". This technique will enable me to study rare functional configurations of the gluon distributions, that might have been selected for in, for example, the centrality criteria used by the ATLAS and ALICE collaborations. After a review of these techniques, as well as a review of QCD physics at high energy in general, I will use biased ensembles to compute observables in two …

Ψ(2s) Versus J/Ψ Suppression In Proton-Nucleus Collisions From Factorization Violating Soft Color, Yan-Qing Ma, Raju Venugopalan, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hong-Fei Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

We argue that the large suppression of the ψ(2S) inclusive cross section relative to the J/ψ inclusive cross section in proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions can be attributed to factorization breaking effects in the formation of quarkonium. These factorization breaking effects arise from soft color exchanges between charm-anticharm pairs undergoing hadronization and comoving partons that are long lived on time scales of quarkonium formation. We compute the short distance pair production of heavy quarks in the color glass condensate (CGC) effective field theory and employ an improved color evaporation model (ICEM) to describe their hadronization into quarkonium at large distances. The …

The Chiral Magnetic Effect In Heavy Ion Collisions From Hydrodynamic Simulations, Elias Lilleskov

Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy

The quark-gluon plasma created in heavy ion collisions is an exotic state of matter in which many unusual phenomena are manifested. One such phenomenon is the "Chiral-Magnetic Effect" (CME), wherein the powerful magnetic fields generated by colliding ions spin-polarize chiral quarks, causing a net transport effect in the direction of the fields. The CME predicts specific charge-dependent correlation observables, for which experimental evidence was reported, although the evidence is subject to background contamination. Isobaric collision experiments have been planned for 2018 at RHIC, which will study this effect by comparing 96Ru-96Ru and 96Zr-96Zr collisions. The two colliding systems are expected …

E00-110 Experiment At Jefferson Lab Hall A: Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Off The Proton At 6 Gev, M. Defurne, M. Amaryan, K. A. Aniol, M. Beaumel, H. Benaoum, P. Bertin, C. E. Hyde, P.E. Ulmer, Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

We present final results on the photon electroproduction (^→e p → epγ) cross section in the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) regime and the valence quark region from Jefferson Lab experiment E00-110. Results from an analysis of a subset of these data were published before, but the analysis has been improved, which is described here at length, together with details on the experimental setup. Furthermore, additional data have been analyzed, resulting in photon electroproduction cross sections at new kinematic settings for a total of 588 experimental bins. Results of the Q² and x_B dependencies of both …

Boosted Top Production: Factorization And Resummation For Single-Particle Inclusive Distributions, Andrea Ferroglia, Simone Marzani, Ben D. Pecjak, Li Lin Yang

Publications and Research

We study single-particle inclusive (1PI) distributions in top-quark pair production at hadron colliders, working in the highly boosted regime where the top-quarkpTis much larger than its mass. In particular, we derive a novel factorization formula validin the small-mass and soft limits of the differential partonic cross section. This providesa framework for the simultaneous resummation of soft gluon corrections and small-mass logarithms, and also an efficient means of obtaining higher-order corrections to the differential cross section in this limit. The result involves five distinct one-scale functions, three of which arise through the subfactorization of soft real radiation in the small-mass limit. …

Virtuality Distributions In Application To Ɣɣ* → Π​0 Transition Form Factor At Handbag Level, Anatoly V. Radyushkin

Physics Faculty Publications

We outline basics of a new approach to transverse momentum dependence in hard processes. As an illustration, we consider hard exclusive transition process ɣ*ɣ -> π⁰ at the handbag level. Our starting point is coordinate representation for matrix elements of operators (in the simplest case, bilocal O(0, z)) describing a hadron with momentum p. Treated as functions of (pz) and z², they are parametrized through virtuality distribution amplitudes (VDA) Φ(x, σ), with x being Fourier-conjugate to (pz) and σ Laplace-conjugate to z². For intervals with z⁺ = 0, we introduce the transverse momentum distribution …

Evidence For The Onset Of Color Transparency In Ρ0 Electroproduction Off Nuclei, L. El Fassi, L. Zana, H. Hafidi, M. Holtrop, B. Mustapha, W. K. Brooks, H. Hakobyan, Z. Zheng, K. P. Adhikari, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, H. Baghdasaryan, S. Bültmann, G. E. Dodge, C. E. Hyde, A. Klein, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, H. Seraydaryan, L. B. Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

We have measured the nuclear transparency of the incoherent diffractive A( e , e ′ ρ⁰ ) process in ¹²C and ⁵⁶Fe targets relative to ²H using a 5 GeV electron beam. The nuclear transparency, the ratio of the produced ρ⁰ ʼs on a nucleus relative to deuterium, which is sensitive to ρA interaction, was studied as function of the coherence length (lc), a lifetime of the hadronic fluctuation of the virtual photon, and the four-momentum transfer squared (Q²). While the transparency for both ¹²C and ⁵⁶Fe …

Scaling Properties At Freeze-Out In Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. V. Alakhverdyants, I. Alekseev, J. Alford, B. D. Anderson, S. Bueltmann, I. Koralt, D. Plyku, Star Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

Identified charged pion, kaon, and proton spectra are used to explore the system size dependence of bulk freeze-out properties in Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN=200 and 62.4 GeV. The data are studied with hydrodynamically motivated blast-wave and statistical model frameworks in order to characterize the freeze-out properties of the system. The dependence of freeze-out parameters on beam energy and collision centrality is discussed. Using the existing results from Au + Au and pp collisions, the dependence of freeze-out parameters on the system size is also explored. This multidimensional systematic study furthers our understanding of the QCD phase diagram revealing the importance …

A Qcd Analysis Of Zeus Diffractive Data, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, D. Nicholass, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, F. Cindolo, M. Corradi, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, R. Nania, A. Polini, S. Antonelli, M. Basile, M. Bindi, L. Cifarelli, A. Contin, S. De Pasquale, G. Sartorelli, A. Zichichi, D. Bartsch, I. Brock, H. Hartmann

Faculty Publications

ZEUS inclusive diffractive-cross-section measurements have been used in a DGLAP next-to-leading-order QCD analysis to extract the diffractive parton distribution functions. Data on diffractive dijet production in deep inelastic scattering have also been included to constrain the gluon density. Predictions based on the extracted parton densities are compared to diffractive charm and dijet photoproduction data. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

High-Energy Amplitudes In N= 4 Sym In The Next-To-Leading Order, Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli

Physics Faculty Publications

The high-energy behavior of the N = 4 SYM amplitudes in the Regge limit can be calculated order by order in perturbation theory using the high-energy operator expansion in Wilson lines. At large Nc , a typical four-point amplitude is determined by a single BFKL pomeron. The conformal structure of the four-point amplitude is fixed in terms of two functions: pomeron intercept and the coefficient function in front of the pomeron (the product of two residues). The pomeron intercept is universal while the coefficient function depends on the correlator in question. The intercept is known in the first two orders …

Measurement Of Single-Target Spin Asymmetries In The Electroproduction Of Negative Pions In The Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Reaction N↑(E,Éπ¯)X On A Transversely Polarized 3he Target, Chiranjib Dutta

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The experiment E06010 measured the target single spin asymmetry (SSA) in the semiinclusive deep inelastic (SIDIS) n↑(e,éπ¯)X reaction with a transversely polarized ³He target as an effective neutron target. This is the very first independent measurement of the neutron SSA, following the measurements at HERMES and COMPASS on the proton and the deuteron. The experiment acquired data in Hall A at Jefferson Laboratory with a continuous electron beam of energy 5.9 GeV, probing the valence quark region, with x = 0.13→0.41, at Q² = 1.31→3.1 GeV². The two contributing mechanisms to the measured asymmetry, viz, the …

Search For The Photoexcitation Of Exotic Mesons In The Π​+Π​+Π- System, M. Nozar, Gerard P. Gilfoyle, Et. Al.

Physics Faculty Publications

A search for exotic mesons in the π⁺π⁺π^- system photoproduced by the charge exchange reaction γp → π⁺π⁺π^- was carried out by the CLAS Collaboration at Jefferson Lab. A tagged-photon beam with energies in the 4.8 to 5.4 GeV range, produced through bremsstrahlung from a 5.744 GeV electron beam, was incident on a liquid-hydrogen target. A partial wave analysis was performed on a sample of 83 000 events, the highest such statistics to date in this reaction at these energies. The main objective of this study was to look …

Three- And Four-Jet Final States In Photoproduction At Hera, S. Chekanov, M. Derrick, S. Magill, B. Musgrave, D. Nicholass, J. Repond, R. Yoshida, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, M. Jechow, N. Pavel, A. G. Yagües Molina, S. Antonelli, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, M. Bindi, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, G. Iacobucci, A. Margotti, R. Nania, A. Polini, G. Sartorelli, A. Zichichi

Faculty Publications

Three- and four-jet final states have been measured in photoproduction at HERA using the ZEUS detector with an integrated luminosity of 121 pb -1. The results are presented for jets with transverse energy E Tjet > 6 GeV and pseudorapidity | η jet | < 2.4, in the kinematic region given by the virtuality of the photon Q 2 < 1 GeV 2 and the inelasticity 0.2 ≤ y ≤ 0.85 and in two mass regions defined as 25 ≤ M n j < 50 GeV and M n j ≥ 50 GeV, where M n j is the invariant mass of the n-jet system. The four-jet photoproduction cross section has been measured for the first time and represents the highest-order process studied at HERA. Both the three- and four-jet cross sections have been compared with leading-logarithmic parton-shower Monte Carlo models, with and without multi-parton interactions. The three-jet cross sections have been compared to an O (α α s2) perturbative QCD calculation. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Form Factors And Wave Functions Of Vector Mesons In Holographic Qcd, Hovhannes R. Grigoryan, Anatoly V. Radyushkin

Physics Faculty Publications

Within the framework of a holographic dual model of QCD, we develop a formalism for calculating form factors of vector mesons. We show that the holographic bound states can be described not only in terms of eigenfunctions of the equation of motion, but also in terms of conjugate wave functions that are close analogues of quantum-mechanical bound state wave functions. We derive a generalized VMD representation for form factors, and find a very specific VMD pattern, in which form factors are essentially given by contributions due to the first two bound states in the Q² -channel. We calculate electric …

Running Coupling Constant And Transition From Low To High Energies In Quantum Chromodynamics, Alexander Babansky

Physics Theses & Dissertations

The remarkable feature of QCD is that the coupling constant (the strength of the interaction) depends on the energy of the interacting particles. At high energies, the coupling constant vanishes and QCD becomes asymptotically free. However, at lower energy, the running coupling constant increases, leading to the confining strong-coupling theory at energies of the order of hadron masses. We study the essential effects of the running coupling constant and analyze the transition from high to low energies in different processes.