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Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

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Articles 181 - 210 of 397

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Investment Opportunities In The Nigerian Fishing Industry, Ayotunde M. Giwa Jan 1986

Investment Opportunities In The Nigerian Fishing Industry, Ayotunde M. Giwa

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The major problem facing the Nigerian fishing industry is in its inability to satisfy the demand for tasty yet inexpensive animal protein. Nigeria's marine biological resources are limited and the Gulf of Guinea is among the poorest in the whole of West Africa. Nigeria's population is estimated to have reached about 100 million and is growing at 3.09 per cent per annum. Nigeria's fishing industry is multi-sectoral and composed of the riverine, lake, coastal, estuarine, and culture fisheries. Together they constituted about 1.5 per cent of the GDP in 1976. Up to the present moment, the National has relied on …

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American Coastwise Trade Law, Mark Dean Aspinwall Jan 1986

American Coastwise Trade Law, Mark Dean Aspinwall

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Federal involvement in the shipping industry dates back to 1789. Since then, governmental efforts to promote the American merchant marine have taken a variety of forms, including the prohibition of foreign shipping from the coastwise trade. To this end, laws have been enacted which deal with specific activities considered to be coastwise trade in nature and which ban the use of foreign-flag and, in some cases, foreign-built ships from those activities. However, the laws are narrowly worded and archaic, and have been unable to adequately address modern trends in coastal commerce. Maritime service industries have emerged in recent years which …

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Somalia Fisheries Development: Past, Present And Future, Bruce Barbour Oct 1985

Somalia Fisheries Development: Past, Present And Future, Bruce Barbour

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper is being presented in three distinct parts. Each section deals with fisheries development in Somalia, East Africa, past, present and future. The first section focuses on a project proposal by a World Bank/U.N. FAO joint effort. This proposal exemplifies a traditional approach to development. This traditional approach will be defined and then evaluated. The second section is a report of the authors consultancy to the Somali government concerning the development of the fisheries within the Coastal Development Projects jurisdiction. The approach employed was one of first defining the problem and then working on solutions. This section is being …

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A Water Quality Element For The Extension Of The Salt Ponds Special Area Management Plan To Quonochontaug, Winnapaug (Brightmans) And Maschaug Ponds, Clarkson A. Collins Jul 1985

A Water Quality Element For The Extension Of The Salt Ponds Special Area Management Plan To Quonochontaug, Winnapaug (Brightmans) And Maschaug Ponds, Clarkson A. Collins

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Salt Ponds Project scientific research and management efforts were designed to address the management issues typical to barrier beach-lagoon systems. It was anticipated that the finds of the project would be applied to the management of similar estuarine systems in Rhode Island and elsewhere. This paper presents findsings and recommendations relating to water quality and land use for the watersheds of Quonochontaug Pond, Winnapaug Pond, and Maschaug Ponds. With the inclusion of these waterbodies into the SAM Plan framework, all of the barrier beach-coastal lagoon ecosystems of the south shore will come under a plan specifically designed to protect …

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Pollution In The Mediterranean: A Regional Response, Antony O. Heimer May 1985

Pollution In The Mediterranean: A Regional Response, Antony O. Heimer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea has been an issue of significant political, economic and environmental concern for more than a decade. It has more recently become a regional issue with politically diverse coastal states and a wide variety of international agencies implementing cooperative programs of scientific research, education and training, planning, and treaty drafting. Being a regional issue, the pollution problem has facilitated discussions between nations on several levels and governments have found it politically advantageous to use the issue for a variety of purposes.This paper will provide an overview of the Mediterranean pollution problem, covering the nature of the …

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Approaches To Development And Extension Of Capture Technologies For Developing Small Scale Fisheries, Stephen C. Drew May 1985

Approaches To Development And Extension Of Capture Technologies For Developing Small Scale Fisheries, Stephen C. Drew

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Over half the world's supply of fish for human consumption is produced by small scale fisheries. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on improvement of small scale fisheries in developing countries. In spite of substantial investments, and the arduous labor of many competent, well-intentioned people, the success rates of small scale fisheries development projects have not been encouraging. This paper will discuss two types of project approaches which have been used in small scale fisheries development, with examples of the challenges and problems they have encountered. A description of the Appropriate Technology Adaptive Research, Development, and Extension (ATARDE) …

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The Feasibility Of A Zone Of Peace, P. R. Kendrick May 1985

The Feasibility Of A Zone Of Peace, P. R. Kendrick

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Starting in 1964 there has been a movement to declare the Indian Ocean a "Zone of Peace." In an age when many in the world feel threatened by the potential of nuclear holocaust this is not striking in and of itself. What the Zone of Peace proposal provides is more valuable than the actual resolution. Empirically, it is obvious that nuclear free zones and peace zones have little validity. Historically, the weak have been vanquished by the powerful; their proclaimed neutrality notwithstanding. Consequently, a study of the peace movement in the Indian ocean may be utilized to investigate why proclamations …

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The Seasonal Pattern Of Shipping Freight Rates, Wathanachai Raunglerdpanyagul May 1985

The Seasonal Pattern Of Shipping Freight Rates, Wathanachai Raunglerdpanyagul

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper reviews the behavior of shipping freight rate by using the freight index as an proxy variable. A proxy variable is the one that is a substitute to the intended one because it is difficult to obtain. It was found that a seasonal pattern in the freight rate exists, but no specific estimated pattern of the seasonal variation was found. Generally, tramp freight rates rise above average level from February or March to June or July, and from September or October to December or January. The tanker freight rate, which differs from the tramp freight rate, has only one …

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A Case Study In Maritime Boundary Delimitation: The Gulf Of Maine Dispute, Herbert D. Frerichs Jr. Jan 1985

A Case Study In Maritime Boundary Delimitation: The Gulf Of Maine Dispute, Herbert D. Frerichs Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Gulf of Maine area, including Georges Bank, has long been regarded as an area of special interest and importance to United States' fishermen. The riches of Georges Bank were known to New England fishermen in the 18th century, and early in the 19th century, fishermen from Gloucester, Massachusetts developed the halibut fishery on the Bank. Through the 19th century and util the 1950's the Georges Bank fishery was exclusively the province of new England fishermen. However, in the 1960's large factory fleets from the Soviet Union and Japan began to invade the waters of Georges Bank. The wave of …

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Cruising The Flag: The Evolution And Future Of The American Passenger Ship, David Charles Errickson Jan 1985

Cruising The Flag: The Evolution And Future Of The American Passenger Ship, David Charles Errickson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A brief history of the North Atlantic passenger vessel trade is presented with special emphasis on the development of American participation in the industry. The current cruise ship growth is outlined with insight into the economic nature of cruise sip operations, with a twenty-year cabin cost profile and analysis of price growth of foreign and domestic vessels. The results of an industry survey are presented and coastwise cruise routes are discussed as an alternative for U.S.-flag cruise ships. A sample domestic deep sea itinerary is outline.

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Economic Genuine Link: Impacts On Liberian Flag Shipping, Victor E. Dougba Jan 1985

Economic Genuine Link: Impacts On Liberian Flag Shipping, Victor E. Dougba

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Phasing out of open registries, supported by most developing nations at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), would have triggered a chain reaction among open registries, ship owners, seafarers, and the revenues earned by those supplying shipboard labor. Adherence to the criteria proposed by developing states concerning economic "genuine link" is unsatisfactory to ship owners of developed nations, since it would increase their operating costs. Additionally, if the concept was enforced, it is likely that open registries would have experienced a massive dis-enrollment. The application of three techniques, the Chi-Square Statistic, and Index of Seafarer Displacement, and …

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The Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela Fishing Agreement, Zaleena K. Chin-Yuen-Kee Jan 1985

The Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela Fishing Agreement, Zaleena K. Chin-Yuen-Kee

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The twin-island Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is situated adjacent to the Republic Of Venezuela such that at one point Trinidad is merely seven miles off the northeast coast of Venezuela. Fishing activities of nationals of each country in the waters of the other are therefore common and often lead to conflict. In an attempt to solve the fishing problem a fishing agreement was negotiated. It came into force in 1978 and expired in 1984 whereupon negotiations commenced once more in an attempt to achieve new accord. The fishing industries of both countries and the conflicts which led to the …

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Potential Impacts Of Shipping Nationalism Upon A Round-The-World Shipping Service, Marc Bissonnette Jan 1985

Potential Impacts Of Shipping Nationalism Upon A Round-The-World Shipping Service, Marc Bissonnette

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Traditionally, carriers flying the American flag have concentrated on U. S. trades. The advent of new routing strategies in the container age has increased their ability to move cargo between foreign ports. As a result, their dependence on these cargoes is growing. An example is the "Sea Bridge" service introduced by United States Lines. With a round-the-world itinerary, this service may very well depend upon cargo carried between foreign ports in order to succeed. The ability of United States Lines to capture these foreign-to-foreign cargoes may be hampered by rising protectionism worldwide. The analysis presented here is in two separate …

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U.S./Japanese Fishery Relations: Reflections On The Past And The Unsettled Future, Matthew Axel Jan 1985

U.S./Japanese Fishery Relations: Reflections On The Past And The Unsettled Future, Matthew Axel

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

U.S.-Japan fisheries history spans over a half-century of controversy. A variety of developments have taken place over this period from past to present illustrating this point. This paper will present this subject in three parts, corresponding to the historical developments that have taken place. The saga begins with U.S. post-World War II aid in rebuilding the Japanese tuna, whaling and salmon fleets. Round two examines the rapid expansion of the Japanese utilization of Alaska pollock and the development of the surimi trawlers in the early 1960s. Finally, round three, which will encompass the majority of the subject matter discussed, begins …

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The Future Outlook For Boundary Delimitations In Africa South Of The Sahara, Marie-Christine Aquarone Jan 1985

The Future Outlook For Boundary Delimitations In Africa South Of The Sahara, Marie-Christine Aquarone

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Marine Affairs thesis from the University of Rhode Island.

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Cooperatives: Their Effectiveness And Limitations For Small-Scale Fisheries Development, Hiroaki Yonesaka Jan 1985

Cooperatives: Their Effectiveness And Limitations For Small-Scale Fisheries Development, Hiroaki Yonesaka

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Increased experience in fisheries cooperatives of developing countries has called into question a long-held presumption about their desirability and feasibility. In this context, this study attempts to reformulate the cooperative approach for small-scale fisheries in a realistic policy framework. First, past failures of fisheries cooperatives are analyzed from three different angles: the uniqueness of the fishing industry, systems intrinsic to the cooperative, and development policy. Second, various possibilities of building viable cooperatives are explored by introducing two key concnpets: the strategic option and the operational option. On the one hand, the strategic option implies that it is imperative to integrate …

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Evaluation Of The U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers' Decision-Making Process For Selection Of Dredged Material Disposal Sites, Brian P. Thompson Jan 1985

Evaluation Of The U. S. Army Corps Of Engineers' Decision-Making Process For Selection Of Dredged Material Disposal Sites, Brian P. Thompson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study evaluates the decision-making process of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) as it applies to the selection of land or open-water disposal sites for sediment from dredging projects planned by the COE. The study seeks to illustrate: 1) the structure of the COE decision-making process as provided for in laws, regulations, and COE policies; 2) the operational, economic, and environmental variables that might influence COE decision-making; 3) how the New England Division of the COE makes decisions on disposal sites for dredged material through consideration of operational, economic and environmental objectives. The study finds that the COE …

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Premium Prices For Quality Fish: A Case Study Of The F/V Odin, John Sackton Jan 1985

Premium Prices For Quality Fish: A Case Study Of The F/V Odin, John Sackton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

During 1982, the F/V ODIN, a fishing vessel from the Port of New Bedford, participated in a program to improve fish quality on board through use of innovative fish handling techniques. The captain and crew hoped to sell higher quality fish at a premium price. This thesis examines the prices the F/V ODIN received prior to participating in this experiment, the price differentials the vessel actually received for landing higher quality fish, and the impact of the program on the prices received by the ODIN following the project. Overall, the ODIN received a price premium equal to 7.2% of the …

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Carriage Of The Package By Sea: An Analysis Of Laws Governing Shipowner Liability For Cargo Damange, Amy M. Stone Jan 1985

Carriage Of The Package By Sea: An Analysis Of Laws Governing Shipowner Liability For Cargo Damange, Amy M. Stone

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis traces the development of laws governing limitation of shipowner liability to cargo owners from the Harter Act to the Hague Rules and the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA). The inadequacy of the $500 per package limitation of liability as protection to shippers is illustrated through the use of case studies by comparing the application of this provision to break-bulk shipments when COGSA was first passed to its application today in the age of containerization. The efforts of the major maritime nations to revise the Hague Rules/COGSA system in the Visby Amendments are examined and compared to …

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The New England Fishing Industry: A Case For Altering Conditions Of Competition In Both The Fishery And In The Market, William Joseph Brennan Jan 1985

The New England Fishing Industry: A Case For Altering Conditions Of Competition In Both The Fishery And In The Market, William Joseph Brennan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The New England fishing industry is presented in detail including an historical review, a discussion of current difficulties, and an examination of the public policy dilemma between resource conservation and industry promotion. Continuing efforts to revitalize the United States fishing industry are discussed and underlying problems that have had a negative impact upon the New England industry are outlined. Finally, an alternative public policy approach is developed which addresses fundamental difficulties in the new England region. This approach calls for an elimination of federal financial assistance to the fishing industry and a reduction in the amount of fishery imports reaching …

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Biology Of The Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) And Fisheries Management Under The Convention On The Conservation Of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Randa Ali Mansour Jan 1985

Biology Of The Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) And Fisheries Management Under The Convention On The Conservation Of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Randa Ali Mansour

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Interest in the development of a commercial fishery for Antarctic krill, the lack of a legal regime to govern and promote rational exploitation of Antarctic living resources, and a desire to avoid future conflicts between claimants and non-claimants regarding the control of an Antarctic marine fishery, as well as the desire to set a precedent for management and exploitation of non-living resources were incentives for the negotiation of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Furthermore, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative parties wished to maintain and solidify their control and enhance their collective legitimacy in the Antarctic …

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Interstate Fisheries Management Problems: The Case Of Striped Bass, Richard Randall Schneider Jan 1985

Interstate Fisheries Management Problems: The Case Of Striped Bass, Richard Randall Schneider

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The striped bass (Morone saxatilis), or rockfish, fishery has been important both commercially and recreationally for decades along the Atlantic seaboard. In recent years, though, the fishery has undergone a serious decline and, as a result, has elicited considerable public concern. Although specific reasons for the decline have not been pinpointed, it is clear that inconsistent management practices within the range of striped bass have done little to help the fishery's condition. An anadromous species, striped bass spawn in the fresh water reaches of estuaries, after which many of the individuals return to the coastal ocean. In the Atlantic, the …

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Fundy Tidal Power: A Need To Reassess The Environmental Framework Protecting The Transboundary Environment, Robert W. Rudolph Jan 1985

Fundy Tidal Power: A Need To Reassess The Environmental Framework Protecting The Transboundary Environment, Robert W. Rudolph

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The concept of harnessing the tides for energy is receiving renewed attention in the maritime provinces of Canada and northeastern United States where a scarcity of indigenous energy resources exists. While proposals for several small tidal power facilities are being considered in Maine, in Canada, Nova Scotia officials are moving ahead with plans for a major tidal power project (4,028 MW) in the Minas Basin in the Bay of Fundy. The vast majority of the power generated from this facility is expected to be exported to the New York and New England areas which have a greater energy demand that …

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The Phillipine Extended Jurisdiction: Its Cost And Benefits To Fishery Industry, Ricardo R. Federizon Sep 1984

The Phillipine Extended Jurisdiction: Its Cost And Benefits To Fishery Industry, Ricardo R. Federizon

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Philippines is one of the countries that has its significant relations to fisheries economically and culturally. The coastal waters of the Philippines support over a million fishermen whose only source of income is fishing that does not go far off-shore. Due to population pressure and increased demand for fish as a basic food supply and as a source of foreign revenue income, more and more fishermen fish at the waters that carry a limited resource. As a result, overfishing persists that has a social and economic implication. Conflicts arise among the fishermen. Management measures are not implemented successfully because …

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Legal Status Of Developed Tidelands In The Northeast: A Three-State Sampling, Anne F. Ackenhusen Aug 1984

Legal Status Of Developed Tidelands In The Northeast: A Three-State Sampling, Anne F. Ackenhusen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The tidelands law of the United States has evolved sporadically. As the nation's population pressures have increased, and every conceivable type of development hasattempted to locate in the coastal zone (1), the regulationof tidelands has become increasingly stringent. No longer can a private party fill an acre of tidelands on whim. Inthe past, however, unauthorized tideland development was a frequent occurrence. Thus current state governments must deal with a legacy of improperly filled tidelands. This paper will examine some of the states' attempts to address the problem of illegally improved tidelands.

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Orvs On The Cape Cod National Seashore, Karen G. Chaffee Jul 1984

Orvs On The Cape Cod National Seashore, Karen G. Chaffee

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

With the creation of a National Seashore, we incur the responsibility of maintaining and preserving it. Since the establishment of the Cape Cod National Seashore in 1961, the use of off-road vehicles (ORV's) has increased dramatically. These vehicles damage the fragile ecosystems of the seashore. The National Park Service Cooperative Research Unit at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst was commissioned to undertake a five year study of the many facets of off-road vehicle impact on beach and dune as well as salt marsh and tidal flats.

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The Prospects Of The Kra Canal, Pannarai Chuapibul Jun 1984

The Prospects Of The Kra Canal, Pannarai Chuapibul

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The controversies over the prospects of the Kra Canal persuade me to write my major paper about it. Ever since the Thai government rejected the proposals for construction of the canal, the press has criticized that the actual reason why the government rejected the canal proposals was because of its fear of the irredentist movement with complete disregard of the enormous benefits of raising our balance of payments and standard of living. Nevertheless, there must be other important reasons. My opinions, which do not reflect those of the Thai government are based on problems of sources of capital, advantages and …

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Coral Reef Islands And Their Problems, Peter C. Schroeder May 1984

Coral Reef Islands And Their Problems, Peter C. Schroeder

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Small islands and in particular those more or less dependent on their reefs as a resource were often self-contained units, maintaining a fragile equilibrium in which even small changes could and have wrought fatal disturbances. The pressures of the modern world have endangered these vulnerable units economically, socially, and biologically. In all instances the "'population factor has played an important role. Coral reef islands appear to be more susceptible to the side effects of rapidly growing modernization than other types of islands. No clear answer or solution to this problem can be given but recognition of the threats to them …

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The Emerging Regime Of Islands As Archipelagic States, Frank Gable May 1984

The Emerging Regime Of Islands As Archipelagic States, Frank Gable

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This essay will discuss the significance of islands as archipelagos, i.e. any two or more islands identified politically as one entity. Within the body of this report will be references regarding the historical background to archipelagos and how they emerged into international topics of law. Further, the differences international law affords coastal archipelagos as opposed to outlying mid-ocean archipelagos will be interpreted. These differences include, for instance, the design of baselines used to enclose territorial waters. As the paper progresses, the reader will being to see how the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS (III) …

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Ixtoc I: Case Study Of A Major Oil Spill, Peter G. Myer Apr 1984

Ixtoc I: Case Study Of A Major Oil Spill, Peter G. Myer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The most disastrous oil spill the western hemisphere has ever witnessed occurred during the 10 months between June 1979 and March 1980, when the experimental well IXTOC I blew out off the coast of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. The disaster's effects on South Texas virtually destroyed a year's earnings for the region's tourism industry and cut into the profits of many commercial fishermen. The activities at the well that caused the blowout and subsequent spill, the effects of the oil on Texas' Gulf Coast, and the legal attempts to recover against losses suffered as a result of the spill will be …

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