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Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

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Articles 151 - 180 of 397

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Academically-Sponsored Coastal Research Vessels In The New England Region: An Assessment Of Current Management And Implications For The Future, Brendan B. Mcavoy Jan 1988

Academically-Sponsored Coastal Research Vessels In The New England Region: An Assessment Of Current Management And Implications For The Future, Brendan B. Mcavoy

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In New England an informal communications network exists between coastal research vessel operating institutions. Vessel scheduling and operational support has been identified as adequate for the current amount of research being conducted within the region. However, societal shift towards coastal regions is prompting an increase in attention to research within the coastal zone. Current and pending federal initiatives are responding to this increased research need. This, in turn, is beginning to impose greater demands on coastal vessel sea-time. Therefore, a strengthening of the region's inter-institutional communications network may be warranted for the future in order to better coordinate coastal research …

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Wastewater Management Alternatives For The Salt Pond Region Of Westerly, Rhode Island (With Special Emphasis On The Winnapaug Pond Watershed), John R. King Dec 1987

Wastewater Management Alternatives For The Salt Pond Region Of Westerly, Rhode Island (With Special Emphasis On The Winnapaug Pond Watershed), John R. King

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

As people move toward the coasts in growing numbers, the coastal zone is faced with ever increasing development pressures. The Town of Westerly, Rhode Island is experiencing many of the problems associated with these pressures. In order to expand a motel in the Misquamicut section of Westerly, the current owner of the property has proposed to extend city sewer lines to this area at his own cost. Afterward the line would be turned over to the town. While extension of sewer lines may relieve some local septic system failure problems, it could also spur more rapid and extensive growth. Over-development …

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United States Military Bases In The Philippines: Their Strategic Importance And Options For Relocation, William D. Barker Jun 1987

United States Military Bases In The Philippines: Their Strategic Importance And Options For Relocation, William D. Barker

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The role of the Philippine bases in augmenting the Maritime Strategy of the United States Navy's regional mission of deterrence and sea lane protection is being closely scrutinized due to a leadership change in the Philippines and possible military budget cuts at home. This study evaluates the assets of the Subic Bay Naval Station, Cubi Point Naval Air Station, and Clark Air Force Base and the support provided by these bases to Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean/Persian Gulf. In the event of a peace-time loss of the bases, options for relocation of forces are evaluated. Historical development …

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Oil Spill Liability And Compensation: A Review Of The Existing Mechanisms And A Look At The Future, Gary A. Reiter May 1987

Oil Spill Liability And Compensation: A Review Of The Existing Mechanisms And A Look At The Future, Gary A. Reiter

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study provides an examination of the existing United States Federal laws and international regimes regarding oil spill liability and compensation, and the manner in which they have been implemented by regulation and policy. The presentation concludes with discussion of and arguments concerning various proposed Federal comprehensive liability and compensation legislation. Emphasis is placed on the unsuccessful legislative proposals of the 99th Congress and the effects that similar legislation, if passed by the 100th congress, may have on current response policies and Federal and state governments. In particular, the effects of the proposed legislation on state's sovereignty and response operations …

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The Military Sealift Command: Their Potential Role In Providing Military Logistic Support To The Persian Gulf, Kevin W. Nicholas Apr 1987

The Military Sealift Command: Their Potential Role In Providing Military Logistic Support To The Persian Gulf, Kevin W. Nicholas

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The ultimate goal of the U.S. Maritime Strategy is to project power into all the oceans of the world. By projecting power over this vast a geographic area, the U.S. is able to provide a deterrent force that will inhibit the development of a significant hostile military action, anywhere in the world. The ability to support this global peacekeeping force hinges on the capability of the U.S. to provide a strong logistic support organization. From a waterborne perspective, the Indian Ocean is the one geographic area of the world that presents the greatest logistic challenge. The U.S. Navy and the …

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The Exclusive Economic Zone: The Impact Of The 1982 Law Of The Sea Treaty On Worldwide U.S. Naval Operations, John C. Meyer Jan 1987

The Exclusive Economic Zone: The Impact Of The 1982 Law Of The Sea Treaty On Worldwide U.S. Naval Operations, John C. Meyer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The focus of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) was on the development of an international legal regime for the peaceful use of the world's oceans. The maritime powers, particularly the United States, viewed this new regime in terms of preserving traditional high seas freedom of navigation and overflight, and limiting expanding coastal state claims over their adjacent water and airspace. Developing countries, emerging from a period of decolonization, sought to enhance their security and gain economic benefit from this new legal regime, through the seaward extension of claims to jurisdiction over what …

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Products Tanker Shipping And Shipbuilding, Di Jin Jan 1987

Products Tanker Shipping And Shipbuilding, Di Jin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

First the entire products tanker market system, including the petroleum products market, products tanker shipping market and the products tanker shipbuilding market, is introduced. The relationship among principal elements is discussed. General information about petroleum products and products tankers is described. Then, the world petroleum products market and products tanker shipping market are examined referring to 1985 Drewry report. Finally, the analysis of products tanker shipbuilding market is made by analyzing the statistics of the products tankers ordered between 1980 and 1986 according to Fairplay orderbook. Major aspects, such as flag, owner, shipbuilder, vessel tonnage, dimensions, speed and engine, are …

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Tuna Fishery In The East Central Atlantic Region: The Feasibility Of Nigeria's Participation, Aderemi Olasupo Abioye Jan 1987

Tuna Fishery In The East Central Atlantic Region: The Feasibility Of Nigeria's Participation, Aderemi Olasupo Abioye

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Tuna fishery is widely practiced in the east central Atlantic region by many fleets of different nationality. Most of the catch is taken by distant-water fleets. The new Law of the Sea convention, which gives coastal states an exclusive economic zone with outer limit of 200 miles, now allows the coastal states to make the most use of the living resources in their waters. The surplus shall be allocated to other states in the region and those traditionally fishing in the area before. Nigeria with a population of about 100 million people spends substantial foreign exchange annually on the importation …

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Study Of The Ocean Transportation Of Chemicals, Joseph A. Meyertholen Jan 1987

Study Of The Ocean Transportation Of Chemicals, Joseph A. Meyertholen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The growth of the chemical industry over the past 30 years has contributed significantly to the increased volume of hazardous cargo transported by ocean vessel. The properties of some chemicals in commerce, particularly intermediate products, are such that their movement represents a risk to society in terms of environmental damage, bodily injury, and carcinogenic effects that may not surface for years. This study traces the development of the ocean chemical transportation system with emphasis on the technology, management and regulatory regime that has evolved to control these risks. Selected incidents involving hazardous chemical cargoes are reviewed, highlighting the industry and …

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Balancing Conservation And Development In Maryland's Coastal Zone: A Program Evaluation, James G. Turek Jan 1987

Balancing Conservation And Development In Maryland's Coastal Zone: A Program Evaluation, James G. Turek

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An evaluation of a federal regulatory program administered by the Baltimore District Corps of Engineers (COE), governing certain development activities in Maryland's coastal zone, was conducted to (1) identify cumulative development and wetland impact outcomes that occurred over a 5-year (1981-1985) period; and (2) assess a component of the decision-making process that resulted in these outcomes. This study focuses specifically on program coordination between the COE and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to evaluate how the process has been affected by (1) programmatic changes resultant of the Reagan Administration's regulatory reform; and (2) societal demands as indicated by changes …

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Boston-Halifax Ferry Service: Capturing An Existing Market, Melissa P. Madeira Jan 1987

Boston-Halifax Ferry Service: Capturing An Existing Market, Melissa P. Madeira

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The viability of a Boston to Halifax ferry service is examined in light of the existing vehicle traffic entering that Province from the United States. The current cruise ship industry is outlined and the role which the Port of Boston plays in this market describes the Port's incentive for instituting such a ferry service. Statistics provided by the Nova Scotia Department of Tourism show that a significant volume of vehicle traffic which enters Nova Scotia originates at points in the United States which are to the south and west of Boston. The existence of this traffic supports the assumption that …

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Maritime Boundaries Between Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela/Barbados And Grenada - Its Impact On Offshore Oil, Patty Marajh Jan 1987

Maritime Boundaries Between Trinidad And Tobago/Venezuela/Barbados And Grenada - Its Impact On Offshore Oil, Patty Marajh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The future of the economy of Trinidad and Tobago is heavily dependent upon the exploitation of the hydrocarbon resources in its continental shelf. Trinidad's geographical proximity to the Venezuelan mainland is relevant because both states share the same continental shelf in areas not delimited by the 1942 gulf of Paria Treaty. The continental shelves of Barbados and Grenada also intersect and these areas have not been delimited and defined by any agreement. The current expansion of the exploration and exploitation of crude oil and natural gas have raised several problems within recent years. This thesis will focus attention to the …

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Alternative Federal Outer Continental Shelf Oil And Gas Leasing Procedures: Lessons From Programs In Alabama And Texas, Christopher Watson Lynch Jan 1987

Alternative Federal Outer Continental Shelf Oil And Gas Leasing Procedures: Lessons From Programs In Alabama And Texas, Christopher Watson Lynch

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study is a comparative analysis of the offshore oil and gas leasing programs of Alabama, Texas, and the Federal government. It focuses upon the legal and political, rather than resource, technological, or economic problems that have left the Federal program with a record of unmet expectations and growing frustration. The long history of turmoil that has embroiled the Federal leasing program since the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and Arab oil crises is reviewed. The leasing and regulatory programs of Alabama, Texas, and the Federal government are outlined. Alternatives to current Federal procedures, reflecting State practices, are considered, including …

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An Analysis Of The Massachusetts Inshore Lobster Fishery, Peter Robertson Hoar Jan 1987

An Analysis Of The Massachusetts Inshore Lobster Fishery, Peter Robertson Hoar

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this thesis was to explore the limited entry alternative of fishery management by examining the history of a particular limited entry scheme: the Massachusetts inshore commercial lobster fishery license limitation law. A review was made of existing limited entry theory, followed by a description of limited entry programs extant in U.S. fisheries. The legislative and political histories of the Massachusetts lobster fishery limited entry program was then examined. The limited entry law was then analyzed by comparing what actually occurred with what is supposed to occur according to limited entry theory. A quantitative analysis of changes in …

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The Exclusive Economic Zone-Considerations For Management With Special Reference To Developing Nations, John G. Catena Jan 1987

The Exclusive Economic Zone-Considerations For Management With Special Reference To Developing Nations, John G. Catena

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Having successfully initiated and developed the legal aspects of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) the challenge which now arises for the developing coastal nations is to implement an ocean management system to more fully realize the potential benefits of extended jurisdiction. This study discusses the needs and problems developing nations may encounter in developing such a management system and also considers the ways and means to meet these needs and overcome these problems. The study suggests that coastal nations should adopt an integrated three phased ocean policy process consisting of a (1) priority establishment phase (policy formulation) (2) strategic phase …

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Licensing Of The U. S. Maritime Personnel: The International Impacts, Warren G. Schneeweis Jan 1987

Licensing Of The U. S. Maritime Personnel: The International Impacts, Warren G. Schneeweis

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the international and Federal efforts to enhance safety at sea and the protection of the marine environment through the development of standards to improve the training and strengthen the professional qualifications of seafarers. Special regard is made to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, signed by the United States in 1979, and to the proposed amendments to the Federal regulations for licensing U. S. maritime personnel which will bring the U. S. licensing scheme in general conformance with that Convention. This research should lessen resistance to U. S. ratification of …

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Objectives Of The Soviet Merchant Marine, James T. Sharp Jan 1987

Objectives Of The Soviet Merchant Marine, James T. Sharp

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In the years since the end of the Second World War, no aspect of merchant shipping has created greater controversy than the phenomenal growth of the merchant fleet of the Soviet Union. Starting in 1945 with a makeshift fleet that was a motley collection of obsolete vessels, ships received as reparations from the defeated Axis nations and Lend-Lease Liberty ships, the Soviets have fashioned a modern, efficient merchant marine that is currently second in the world in numbers of ships and sixth in deadweight tonnage. Employed as a powerful instrument of the Soviet state, this fleet now competes effectively with …

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A Multidisciplinary Analysis Of The Imposition Of Countervailing Duties On Canadian Groundfish Imports, Richard A. Pearson Jan 1987

A Multidisciplinary Analysis Of The Imposition Of Countervailing Duties On Canadian Groundfish Imports, Richard A. Pearson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the circumstances which surrounded the successful imposition of a countervailing duty on whole Canadian groundfish, and indicates what implications this action may have for the future. First, it will situate the countervailing duty investigation in terms of its relationship with U.S. statutes, and also with the Nation's international obligations. Then, the impact of the duty is examined to see how it might affect a potential free trade agreement with Canada. Similarly, the thesis projects what effect the duty will have in establishing a precedent, and assesses the likelihood of imposing similar duties on …

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A Scientific Application For Remotely Operated Vehicles, Mark S. Gustafson Jul 1986

A Scientific Application For Remotely Operated Vehicles, Mark S. Gustafson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Although Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) have been employed in the underwater circuit since the mid-1990s, their impact upon the ocean community has not been felt until the past decade. The remotely operated vehicle (ROV) industry developed from the needs of the oil and gas community to find a cost efficient, and safe method of replacing man and manned submersibles underwater. However, marine scientists have been reluctant to accept this tool as part of their research inventory. The slowness of technological transfer stems from several issues: the lack of quantifiable results; the untried technology; and a lack of awareness. The objective …

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Fishermen's Personal Injuries: A New Look At The Fishing Industry's Insurance Crisis, Frederic M. Fairfield May 1986

Fishermen's Personal Injuries: A New Look At The Fishing Industry's Insurance Crisis, Frederic M. Fairfield

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Increasing cost and shrinking availability of marine insurance have resulted in serious problems for broad sectors of the nation's commercial fishing fleet. Sharp reductions in the availability of Protection and Indemnity coverage have idled vessels nationwide regardless of individual safety records. The causes of the current problem are varied and numerous, with significant roles played by the fishing industry, the regulatory framework, the insurance industry, and the legal remedies involved. Ultimately, the solution will require both a reduction in the frequency of fishermen's injuries and modifications to the present compensation system, reducing insurance costs while security equitable compensation for the …

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As Assessment Of The Fisheries Research Program Of The National Marine Fisheries Service, Gary Page Bulmer May 1986

As Assessment Of The Fisheries Research Program Of The National Marine Fisheries Service, Gary Page Bulmer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The nation's fishery management regime has three primary sets of players: the scientific advisors, the managers, and the fishermen. The advisors include federal agencies, state agencies, universities, regional and interstate bodies, and international bodies. The National Marie Fisheries Service (NMFS) has the lead role as scientific advisor. As used here "management" is defined broadly to include the instructions and funding that the researchers are given. "Fisheries research" is also defined broadly for the purposes of this paper. It means the collection of any biological, economic, or social information which is relevant to fisheries management.

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Acid Deposition: Legal And Political Controversies, Noelle F. Lewis Jan 1986

Acid Deposition: Legal And Political Controversies, Noelle F. Lewis

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Acid rain is more accurately referred to as acid deposition since acidity is deposited in both the wet and dry form. Acid rain results from the conversion of sulfur and nitrogen gases to sulfates and nitrates, respectively. In the United States, sulfur compounds are responsible for about two-thirds of the acidity in precipitation; nitrogen compounds, one-third. In 1980, man-made sources in the United States emitted approximately 26 million tons of sulfur dioxide and 21 million tons nitrogen oxides. Within the United States, the major sources of sulfur dioxide emissions, approximately 90-95% of the total, are electric generating utilities, industrial boilers, …

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Management Of Marine Fisheries Resources In Peninsular Malaysia, Abdul Jamal Mydin Jan 1986

Management Of Marine Fisheries Resources In Peninsular Malaysia, Abdul Jamal Mydin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The inshore fisheries of Peninsular Malaysia are intensively exploited on the east coast and over-exploited on the west coast. Fishing effort and investment need to be reduced, particularly on the west coast. This is important in order to make harvest more economically efficient in terms of manpower and capital and to conserve the resources. Since 1981 Malaysia has adopted a Fisheries Licensing Policy addressed to (1) the elimination of the competition and ensuing conflict between the traditional fishermen and minitrawler fishermen in inshore waters; (2) the prevention of over-exploitation of the fishery resources in the inshore waters; and (3) the …

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A Review Of The Management And Current Status Of Northern Fur Seals Of The Pribilof Islands, Holly Hansell Jan 1986

A Review Of The Management And Current Status Of Northern Fur Seals Of The Pribilof Islands, Holly Hansell

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The North pacific fur seals of Alaska's Pribilof Islands have been subjected to commercial harvest for nearly 200 years. The harvest has been regulated under international agreement almost continuously since 1911; first under the 1911 North Pacific Fur Seal Convention, and following that under the 1957 Interim Convention on Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals. Both Conventions banned pelagic sealing and divided the restricted land harvest among the four member states, the United States, Canada, Japan, and the Soviet Union. Management under the 1911 convention resulted in a steady increase in the severely depleted fur seal herd, restoring the population …

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Murky Waters: United States Port Capacity And Dredging Issues, Peter John Rochford Jan 1986

Murky Waters: United States Port Capacity And Dredging Issues, Peter John Rochford

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The events of this decade has brought public attention on the adequacy of United States ports to serve the nation's needs. Many experts involved in maritime transportation have noted that the United States would be able to enjoy economies of scale associated with large vessels only if the United States developed substantially deeper ports capable of handling these large vessels. Although the apparent advantages and trends to larger vessels in the world fleet were evident, recent history has seen little in the way of a response to these perceived needs for deeper United States ports. This study addresses important issues …

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The Development Of The Shrimp Mariculture Industry In Ecuador And Its Impact On The U.S. Market, Richard A. Norton Jan 1986

The Development Of The Shrimp Mariculture Industry In Ecuador And Its Impact On The U.S. Market, Richard A. Norton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The demand for tropical shrimp is increasing at a much higher rate than other fish and seafood commodities. With this increase in demand, there has been enormous interest to expand global shrimp production. Mariculture, the term used to describe the practice of farming animal and/or plant life from the sea, has created new opportunities and problems for the future of the global shrimp industry. Since shrimp is considered a high-value food commodity, the development has drawn interest from many United States and European investors. One country in particular, Ecuador, which will be the focus of this discussion, has exemplified many …

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The Canadian And Soviet Claims To The Arctic Sea Routes: A Comparative Study, Raymond C. Bourgeois Jan 1986

The Canadian And Soviet Claims To The Arctic Sea Routes: A Comparative Study, Raymond C. Bourgeois

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Arctic Polar Region is becoming increasingly important in terms of strategic operations. especially on the part of the superpowers. Surrounding the Arctic Ocean are two passages through which international navigation is possible. The Northwest Passage lies within Canada's coastline. and the Northeast Passage. within the Soviet Union's northern shores. Both countries have advanced claims to the effect that the waters of these passages are under their respective exclusive jurisdiction; thus. they are claiming these as their internal waters. The US disagrees and maintains that the waters of those northern Arctic sea routes are international waters. This paper discusses the …

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Analysis Of A Worst Case Oil Spill Eis, Galveston, Gail Elizabeth Meisner Jan 1986

Analysis Of A Worst Case Oil Spill Eis, Galveston, Gail Elizabeth Meisner

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

On July 8, 1980, the Galveston district of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issued the permits required for the construction of an onshore deepwater port. The proposed port expansion project has been the subject of extensive controversy and litigation. The primary conflict has centered on the exclusion of a worst case oil spill analysis, as required by recent Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) regulations. A rational-deductive approach to this decision leads to the conclusion that the economically and environmentally favored choice would have been to include the worst case analysis in the initial Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Because …

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Satellite Remote Sensing And Fisheries Applications, Holly M. Turton Jan 1986

Satellite Remote Sensing And Fisheries Applications, Holly M. Turton

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Satellite remote sensing has the capacity to aid the three major components of a fishery: research, management, and the fishing industry. An evaluation of the potential of satellite-derived data to the fishery is based upon six case studies which are presented as evidence of the capabilities of satellite-borne sensors. Peripheral applications pertaining to the marine environment and possible applications for the future are reviewed. Three basic categories of remote sensing programs related to the fishery are defined: one to test the applicability of the technology to the field of fisheries; another to employ the technology to fisheries research; and a …

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Containerized Cargo Flow Analysis Between The United States And The Far East, Bi-Chou Wei Jan 1986

Containerized Cargo Flow Analysis Between The United States And The Far East, Bi-Chou Wei

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Within less than a decade, containerization has revolutionized maritime general cargo transportation throughout major world trade routes, especially the trade routes between the Far East and the United States. Few commodity flow studies have focused on this latest innovation in maritime transport. To most of the rapidly developing state-owned Far East shipping industries, an understanding of container flow variation and port calling preference with U.S. seaports has become essential in order to maximize investments and to rationalize services. By applying 1974, 1977, and 1980 Far East/U.S. container flow data, this study intends to explore the non-physical and economic elements which …

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